Okuqukethwe
Ama-sea eels umndeni omkhulu wezinhlanzi zohlelo olufana ne-eel olwakha umndeni we-conger. Umndeni uhlanganisa cishe izizukulwane ezingama-32 kanye nezinhlobo okungenani eziyi-160. Wonke ama-eels abonakala ngomzimba omude, oyinyoka; amaphiko emhlane kanye nangemuva ahlanganiswe ne-caudal fin, enze indiza eqhubekayo kanye nomzimba oyisicaba. Ikhanda, njengomthetho, liphinde licindezelwe endizeni eqondile. Umlomo mkhulu, imihlathi inamazinyo ayindilinga. Isikhumba ngaphandle kwezikali, umbala wezinhlanzi ungahluka kakhulu. Lapho beqala ukuhlangana nama-conger eel, abantu abaningi bawabheka njengezinyoka. Izinhlanzi ziphila impilo ye-benthic, ziyizilwane ezizingelayo ezidla ama-mollusk ahlukahlukene, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngosizo lwemihlathi enamandla, amagobolondo anoma iyiphi i-mollusk ayachotshozwa. Kubahlali abaningi baseYurophu naseCentral Russia, i-Atlantic conger iyinhlobo edume kakhulu. Le nhlanzi ihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Ingangena olwandle oluMnyama nolwaseNorway. I-Atlantic conger inkulu kakhulu kunezakwabo emfuleni, kodwa inyama yayo ayinamafutha amancane futhi ayiziswa kakhulu. Ama-Congers angakhula afike ku-3m ubude futhi abe nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100kg. Emhlabathini othambile, ama-eel azimbela imigodi; ezindaweni ezinamadwala, bacasha emifantwini yamadwala. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Iminonjana yobukhona babo baziwa ekujuleni kwe-2000-3000 m. Ngokuvamile zakha amaqoqo ngendlela yamakoloni ngezansi. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo aziqondwa kahle ngenxa yemfihlo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngakho konke lokhu, izinhlanzi eziningi zithengiswa. Ingxenye yokukhiqiza kwabo embonini yokudoba emhlabeni ibaluleke kakhulu.
Izindlela zokudoba
Ngenxa yezimo zokuphila kanye nezici zokuziphatha, ukubamba ama-eels kunezici ezithile ezingavamile. Izinsimbi eziningi zokuhweba nezokuzilibazisa zingama-hook rigs. Abadobi bawakhiphela amagiya ahlukahlukene njengolayini abade nokunye. Ekudobeni okuyimfundamakhwela ukusuka ogwini, igiya elingezansi nelokuphotha liyahamba phambili. Endabeni yokudoba ezikebheni - izinduku zokuphotha zasolwandle zokudoba amapayipi.
Ukubamba ama-eels ngegiya elingezansi
Ama-congers avame ukubanjwa kusukela ogwini ngezinduku ezingezansi "ezide". Ebusuku, “bahambahamba” ezindaweni ezisogwini befuna ukudla. Ngamagiya aphansi, kusetshenziswa izinduku ezihlukahlukene ezine-"running rig", lezi zingaba yizinduku ezikhethekile "zokusefa" nezinduku ezihlukahlukene zokuphotha. Ubude nokuhlolwa kwezinduku kufanele kuhambisane nemisebenzi ekhethiwe kanye nendawo. Njengezinye izindlela zokudoba olwandle, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezintekenteke. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo zokudoba kanye nekhono lokubamba inhlanzi enkulu ngokwanele, ephilayo, okumele kuphoqwe ukuyidonsa, ngoba i-conger inomkhuba wokucasha endaweni enamatshe uma kwenzeka ingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, ukudoba kungenzeka ekujuleni okukhulu kanye namabanga, okusho ukuthi kuba nesidingo sokuqeda intambo isikhathi eside, okudinga ukuzikhandla okuthile ngokomzimba ohlangothini lomdobi kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zamandla okubamba kanye nama-reels. . Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, amakhoyili angaba kokubili kokuphindaphinda futhi angabi ne-inertial. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinduku zikhethwa ngokuya ngesistimu ye-reel. Ukuze ukhethe indawo yokudoba, udinga ukuxhumana nabadobi bendawo abanolwazi noma abaqondisi. Njengoba sekushiwo, ukudoba kwenziwa kangcono ebusuku. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amadivaysi okusayina ahlukahlukene. Ukulunywa kungaqapha kakhulu, kungabonakali, ngakho-ke akufanele ushiye igiya lingagadiwe. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokuthi izinhlanzi "zizoshiya" emadwaleni nokunye. Ngokuvamile, lapho udlala i-conger, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngisho nabantu abaphakathi bayaphikisana "kuze kube sekugcineni", kuyilapho bengabangela ukulimala kwabadobi abanolwazi.
Ukubamba izinhlanzi phezu kwenduku yokuphotha
Ukudoba kwenzeka ezikebheni zezigaba ezihlukahlukene ekujuleni okukhulu kolwandle olusenyakatho. Ukudoba ngamagiya angaphansi, abadobi basebenzisa izinduku zokuphotha zekilasi lasolwandle. Imfuneko eyinhloko ukwethembeka. Ama-reel kufanele abe nokunikezwa okuhlaba umxhwele kwentambo yokudoba noma intambo. Ngaphandle kwe-braking system engenazinkinga, ikhoyili kufanele ivikelwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukudoba okuqondile kusuka emkhunjini kungase kuhluke ezimisweni zokudoba. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudoba olwandle, kungase kudingeke ukuthi igiya lihlehle ngokushesha, okusho isilinganiso esiphezulu segiya lendlela yokusonta. Lapho udoba phansi izinhlanzi zasolwandle, indlela yokudoba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukhethe izintambo ezifanele, kufanele uthintane nabadobi basendaweni abanolwazi noma abaqondisi. Ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokudoba ama-congers, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukudonsa isikhathi eside, lapho ama-leashes ezwa khona imithwalo esindayo. Kuma-leashes, ama-monofilaments aminyene asetshenziswa, kwesinye isikhathi ashubile kuno-1 mm.
Amahubo
Ukudoba okuphothayo, kusetshenziswa izintambo ezihlukahlukene zakudala, kuhlanganise nenani elikhulu lokulingiswa kwe-silicone. Lapho udoba ngama-rigs usebenzisa ama-baits emvelo, ama-mollusk ahlukahlukene kanye nokusikwa kwenyama yezinhlanzi kufanelekile. Abadobi abanolwazi bakholelwa ukuthi i-bait kufanele ibe yintsha ngangokunokwenzeka, nakuba abanye "abathandi bokuhlola" basebenzisa ama-bait alungiselelwe ngaphambilini besebenzisa iqhwa elilandelayo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Iningi lama-sea eel lihlala olwandle olushisayo nolushisayo. Abantu abaningi be-Atlantic conger bahlala emanzini aseduze ne-Great Britain, kanye nolwandle oluzungeze i-Iceland. Ngokuvamile, indawo yokusabalalisa itholakala oLwandle Olumnyama kuya ogwini olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. I-conger enkulu kunazo zonke yabanjwa eduze kwesiqhingi saseVestmannaeyjar (I-Iceland), isisindo sayo sasiyi-160 kg.
Ukuzalela
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-sea eel amaningi azala ngendlela efanayo nama-eel emfuleni: kanye empilweni. Ukuvuthwa kufinyelelwa eminyakeni engu-5-15. Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobo eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo aziqondakali kahle futhi umjikelezo wokuzalanisa awaziwa. Ngokweminye imibiko, ukuzala kwenzeka ekujuleni okungaphezu kuka-2000 m. Ngokuqondene ne-Atlantic conger, ukukhiqizwa kwayo, njengalokho kwe-eel yomfula, cishe kuhlotshaniswa ne-Gulf Stream. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zifudukela engxenyeni yolwandle esentshonalanga yePortugal. Ngemva kokuzala, izinhlanzi ziyafa. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesibungu yi-leptocephalus, efana ne-eel yomfula.