I-Candida albicans iyisikhunta esivame ukutholakala ku-flora yolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Akuyona i-pathogenic futhi inomthelela ebhalansi ye-microbiota yethu. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwe-anarchic kwalesi imvubelo kuyi-pathological: ibizwa ngokuthi i-candidiasis.

ICandida albicans iyi-fungus efana nemvubelo yohlobo lweCandida kanye nomndeni we-saccharomycetaceae. AmaCandida albicans ahlukaniswa phakathi kwesikhunta se-asexual ukuzala kwaso kudlange kakhulu. ICandida albicans yisidalwa se-diploid esinamabhangqa ayisishiyagalombili ama-chromosomes. I-heterozygosity yayo iyinika ikhono elihle lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene.

AmaCandida albicans ngokwemvelo enza izimbali zezingqamuzana zomuntu. Ubukhona bayo abuyona inkinga yezifo. Le fungus siyithola endaweni yokugaya ukudla engama-70% abantu abadala abaphilile. Kodwa-ke, ukungalingani kwamahomoni noma kwamagciwane omzimba kungaba nomthelela ekuphindaphindeni kwe-anarchic yalesi fungus esidala izimpawu ezithile. Sikhuluma nge-candidiasis noma i-mycosis.

Ama-albicans virulence factor avumela ukuthi ikhule:

• i-dimorphism (ukuguqulwa kwemvubelo ku-fungus kuye ngemvelo ezungezile);
• ama-adhesins (inani elikhulu lama-surface receptors avumela ama-C. albicans ukuba anamathele kalula kumaseli omgcini wawo);
• ukukhishwa kwe-enzymatic;
• njll

C. izifo ezingama-albicans zingenziwa zitholakale esithweni sangasese somlomo, somlomo noma sokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala kwama-Candida albicans esikhunjeni akujwayelekile futhi kudala izimpawu zesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, ezigulini ezingenawo amandla, ama-albicans angafaka isitho esisodwa noma ngaphezulu isitho noma ngisho nomzimba wonke: sikhuluma nge-systemic candidiasis. Kulokhu, ingozi yokufa icishe ibe ngama-40%.

ICandida albicans iyi-microorganism ehambelana nezimbali ezincane kubantu nasezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele. Kutholakala kulwelwesi lwamafinyila omlomo, lokugaya kanye nolwesitho sangasese, ngendlela yama-blastospores, athathwa njengefomu le-saprophytic elihlala ngokubambisana nomzimba ophethe. Ezifundweni ezinempilo, imvubelo isatshalaliswa ngokuhlukile ngokuya ngamasampula amasayithi, idamu elikhulu lihlala liyindlela yokugaya ukudla:

• isikhumba (3%);
• isitho sangasese sowesifazane (13%);
• i-ano-rectal tract (15%);
• umlomo womlomo (18%);
• isisu ne-duodenum (36%);
• i-jejunum ne-ileum (41%).

Kodwa-ke, lezi zibalo kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqapha ngoba izindlela zokwenza izibonelo zokwenza amasampula azihlali zifana ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi amasayithi esampula awahlali enendawo efanayo.

C. albicans kuyadingeka ebhalansi ye-microbiota. Kodwa-ke, lapho leli bhalansi ngendlela yalo evamile kanye nokuvikela izivikeli mzimba kwephuliwe, lokhu kuhlangana komzimba kuba yisidlakudla. Lokhu kubangela isifo esithathelwanayo esibizwa nge-candidiasis.

I-Candidiasis yisimo esidalwa yisikhunta iCandida albicans. Akusona isifo esithathelwanayo: imvubelo isivele ikhona emzimbeni, kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, umlomo, uhlelo lokugaya kanye nezitho zangasese. I-Candidiasis ixhunywe nokwanda kwe-anarchic yamaCandida albicans, nawo uqobo abangelwa ukungalingani kwamasosha omzimba noma amahomoni noma ukwenza buthakathaka kwezimila ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka ngemvubelo ezithweni zobulili akuthathwa njengezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI), noma ukuhlangana ocansini kuyingcuphe yokutheleleka ngemvubelo (lokhu okugcina kubanga ukuwohloka kwezimbali zangasese).

Kodwa-ke, ukudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu kuya kuma-C. albicans kungenzeka ngokuthintana nendle, uketshezi lwamathe noma ngezandla. Ezibhedlela, ama-C. albicans amele imbangela enkulu ya Izifo ze-nosocomial osomathuba.

Izici zengozi

Izici ezithile zobungozi ziveza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-candidiasis:

• izifundo eziphindaphindiwe zama-antibiotic;
• ukuthatha imishanguzo ephazamisa ukuzivikela komzimba (i-corticosteroids, i-immunosuppressants, i-chemotherapy, njll.);
• a ukucindezela komzimba (yemvelaphi yokuzalwa, exhunywe ne-HIV noma ukufakelwa).

Izifo zemvubelo yangasese yi-candidiasis evame kakhulu, ethinta i-10 kuya ku-20% yabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini. Bathandwa ngu:

• izinguquko ze-hormonal;
• ukuthatha izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ze-estrogen-progestogen;
• ukujuluka;
• amabhulukwe aqinile kakhulu;
• izingubo zangaphansi ezingenziwanga ukotini (ikakhulukazi imichilo);
• ukugqoka ama-panty liners;
• inhlanzeko embi;
• ukuya ocansini isikhathi eside.