Angiogénèse

Inqubo ye-physiological lapho imithambo yegazi emisha ikhula eduze kwesimila, esivumela ukuthi sinikeze futhi sikhule.

antioxidant

Ama-Antioxidants yizinto ezikwazi ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni. Umzimba ukhiqiza ama-antioxidants, futhi atholakala ekudleni okuningana. Ama-antioxidants ayinhloko amavithamini C no-E, i-carotenoids ne-selenium.

I-Apoptosis

Isenzakalo sokufa kwamangqamuzana emvelo; ekupheleni komjikelezo wawo ovamile, amangqamuzana ayafa ngaphandle kokushiya imfucumfucu yamangqamuzana.

I-Benin, enhle

Ofaneleka ukusho ukuthi isenzakalo sokuphila (esinomdlavuza esimweni esisithakaselayo) awethuli - ngesikhathi sokubhekwa - noma iyiphi ingozi. Nokho, isimila esiyingozi singakhula futhi sifinyelele esigabeni esiyingozi.

i-biopsy

Ukususwa kwengxenye encane yezicubu zomuntu (isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, indlala, njll.) ukuze kuhlaziywe elabhorethri.

I-Cachexie

Uhlobo olubi lomtholampilo lokungondleki kwamaprotheni-khalori, okwenzeka kwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesistimu yokugaya ukudla. I-Cachexia ibonakala ngokulahleka kwezicubu zemisipha kanye nezicubu ezinamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi ngesisindo esiphansi kakhulu kunesisindo somzimba esivamile. Phakathi kuka-4% no-23% wokufa okuhlobene nomdlavuza kungenxa ye-cachexia.

Cancer

Igama elivamile lokuchaza zonke izenzakalo ezibonakala ngokukhula okungavamile kwamaseli okuholela esimila esiyingozi.

I-Carcinogenic

Ikwazi ukudala noma ukukhuthaza ukukhula komdlavuza. (Manje sincoma ukusetshenziswa kwe i-carcinogenic okungcono uku i-carcinogenic.)

I-Carcinogenesis (siphinde sithi i-carcinogenèse)

Isethi yezindlela ezibangela ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. Indlela ebalulekile ye-carcinogenesis isekelwe ekusebenzeni kwama-oncogenes athile. Izinhlobo eziningana zokuvula zingase zenzeke, ezingahambisana nezigaba eziningana ze-carcinogenesis.

I-Carcinoma

Enye yezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza. I-carcinoma ivela ku-i-epithelium (eFrance, i-carcinoma ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-epithelioma); i-epithelium iyisicubu esingena-vascularized esimboza isikhumba, udonga lwangaphakathi lwezinhlelo zokuphefumula, zokugaya ukudla, umchamo nezitho zangasese, futhi ezakha ingxenye eyinhloko yezindlala. Imidlavuza evame kakhulu (amaphaphu, ibele, isisu, isikhumba nomlomo wesibeletho) i-carcinoma.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Uhlobo lokwelapha olusebenzisa amakhemikhali anomphumela oqondile kumangqamuzana agulayo, awabhubhise noma avimbele ukwanda kwawo. Ngeshwa, imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali (ngomjovo noma amaphilisi) kungenzeka ibe nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezicutshini ezithile ezinempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ezinye zalezi zidakamizwa zihloselwe ukuthi zithinte amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha - njengamangqamuzana omdlavuza - afinyelela ngempela kwamanye amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha, njengomnkantsha wamathambo, izintambo zezinwele, i-mucosa yamathumbu kanye nesikhumba. umlomo, yingakho izenzakalo ezifana nokulahlekelwa izinwele.

I-Cytotoxic

Isho ikhemikhali enomthelela onoshevu kumaseli aphilayo. Izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza zenzelwe ukuthinta izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli kuphela.

I-Epithelioma

Bona i-carcinoma.

I-Estrogen-receptor positive

Kushiwo ngomdlavuza oncike kuhomoni lapho sithola khona “ama-receptors” lapho ama-estrogens abopha khona ukuze enze izinga lokushisa lisebenze. Ngokwazi kwethu, ayikho into efana nesiFulentshi yale nkulumo.

Kuncike kuma-hormone

Kubhekiselwa kumdlavuza otholakala ezicutshini ezizwelayo kumahomoni ocansi emvelo, njengebele noma i-endometrium, futhi ogqugquzelwa yilawa mahomoni.

immunotherapy

Indlela yokwelapha ebandakanya ukugqugquzela imisebenzi yamasosha omzimba ukulwa nokutheleleka kanye nezifo. Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi i-biotherapy, ukwelapha ngebhayoloji ou ukuguqulwa kwempendulo yebhayoloji.

Esizeni

Kubhekiselwa kuma-carcinomas asendaweni futhi akwethukeli noma yimuphi uhlamvu lokuhlasela. Umuthi awukanqumi ukuthi wuhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza oyohlala utholakala endaweni, noma ukuthi umdlavuza isigaba sawo sendawo esingahlala isikhathi eside kodwa okuzothi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sihlasele.

I-Interleukin

I-ejenti yemvelo yamasosha omzimba evame ukuntula ezigulini ezinomdlavuza futhi evame ukunikezwa kuzo njengomuthi ku-immunotherapy evamile.

Iyahlasela

Kubhekiselwa ohlotsheni lomdlavuza okufanele ube ne-metastasize.

I-leukemia

Izifo, okunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zazo, ezibonakala ngokukhula kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (leukocyte) emnkantsheni; Njengoba kungumnkantsha lapho izakhi eziyinhloko zegazi zakhiwe (kuhlanganise namangqamuzana abomvu egazi), lokhu kukhiqizwa kuyaphazamiseka. Amaseli we-leukemia nawo angahlasela izitho ezithile.

Lymphoma

I-Tumor (kunezinhlobo eziningana) ezibangelwa ukwanda kwamaseli e-lymphoic tissue, atholakala kakhulu kuma-lymph nodes kanye ne-spleen.

I-Melanoma

Isimila esikhula kuma-melanocyte, amaseli akhiqizayo melanin (ibala) futhi itholakala esikhumbeni, emehlweni nasezinweleni. Uma, ngokuvamile, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungeyona ingozi kakhulu, ama-melanoma akheka kumavukuzane aphakathi komdlavuza oyingozi kakhulu.

Ihlakaniphile, ihlakaniphile

Isimila esiyingozi sihlasela izicubu ezizungezile ukuze sibangele ama-metastases ; isakazeka ngegazi noma nge-lymphatic circulation.

I-Metastasis

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-metastasis (i-microbial, i-parasitic noma isimila), kodwa leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza ukuthuthuka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngalo mqondo, i-metastasis iwukugxila kwesibili komdlavuza, ebangeni elithile ukusuka kusimila esiyingozi sokuqala.

UMyeloma

Isimila esakhiwe ngamaseli emnkantsheni lapho sisuka khona.

I-Neoplasm

Igama lezokwelapha lesimila.

oncogene

Isakhi sofuzo esiye sashintsha futhi lapho, "senziwe", singakhuthaza ukwanda okungalawuleki kwamaseli. Ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, izakhi zofuzo ezimbalwa, ngesinye isikhathi, lokhu kuguquka okuzenza zibe ama-oncogene; ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi izinto eziphilayo sezivele zinawo ama-oncogene kumaseli azo. Ama-oncogenes angenziwa acushwe yizinto ezehlukene zemvelo (imisebe ye-ultraviolet, intuthu kagwayi, izinhlayiya ze-asbestos, amagciwane, njll.)

I-oncology

Igatsha lezokwelapha elizinikele ocwaningweni nasekulapheni umdlavuza; odokotela abangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha bangama-oncologists. Nathi siyasho i-cancerology.

Phytoestrogens

Ekhona ezitshalweni ezithile, lezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ama-estrogen anamandla aphansi kakhulu kodwa impahla yawo yokulungisa kuma-receptors e-estrogen ewavumela ukuba amelane nomphumela olimazayo walezi zinto. Izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi: ama-isoflavone (ikakhulukazi etholakala ku-soy, i-licorice ne-clover ebomvu) kanye ama-lignans (ezinhlangeni, ikakhulukazi iflakisi, nakwezinye izithelo nemifino).

I-progesterone receptor positive

Isho umdlavuza oncike kuhomoni lapho kutholwa khona “ama-receptors” lapho i-progesterone ibopha khona ukuze ivule isibali-sikhathi. Ngokwazi kwethu, ayikho into efana nesiFulentshi yale nkulumo.

Ama-radicals wamahhala

Ama-athomu okuthi, ngokulandela into evamile exhunywe nomoya-mpilo, agcine esene-electron “yamahhala”; uma esefinyelele kulesi simo, ama-athomu okukhulunywa ngawo “akhipha i-oxidize” amanye ama-athomu, okuholela ekuphenduleni kweketango. Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho ukwanda kwama-radicals mahhala kudlula ikhono lomzimba lokuwanciphisa, adlala indima ebalulekile ekugugeni nasekuthuthukiseni izifo eziningi. Ososayensi abaningi basekela inkolelo-mbono (engaqinisekisiwe) yokuthi ama-radicals mahhala angabangela umdlavuza ukuba uvele. Ama-Antioxidants yizinto ezikwazi ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni.

Radiotherapy

Uhlobo lokwelapha olusebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing ekhishwa izakhi ezithile zomsakazo njenge-radium. Lapho le misebe idlula ezicutshini ezigulayo, ibhubhisa amangqamuzana angavamile noma ibambezele ukukhula kwawo. I-radiation therapy isetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi:

- njengendlela eyinhloko yokwelapha imidlavuza ethile;

- ngemva kokususwa kwesimila esiyingozi ngokuhlinzwa, ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele;

- njengendlela yokwelapha yokudambisa, ukunciphisa usayizi womdlavuza ongelapheki ukuze ukhulule isiguli.

Ukuphinda

Umdlavuza uvela futhi ngemva kwesikhathi eside impela lapho ubusupholile.

Ukuthethelelwa

Ukunyamalala kwezimpawu zesifo. Endabeni yomdlavuza, sihlala sikhuluma ngokukhululeka kunokwelapha.

Sarcoma

Ama-Sarcomas akhula emthanjeni wegazi, izicubu ezine-fibrous ezisekela izitho, noma izicubu ezixhumene (njenge-cartilage). Umdlavuza wamathambo ama- sarcoma; I-Kaposi sarcoma, evame kubantu abane-AIDS, ithinta kakhulu isikhumba.

I-Tumor

Ubuningi obungavamile bezicubu (inyama) obubangelwa inqubo engalawuleki yokuphindaphindeka kwamangqamuzana. Isimila singaba sibi noma sibe yingozi.