Wake waba nalokhu empilweni yakho: Ngemva kwamahora angu-12 udle inkukhu, wazizwa ungaphilile? Bese iphenduka izinhlungu zesisu ezibukhali eziphumela emhlane. Bese uba nesifo sohudo, umkhuhlane, futhi uzizwa ugula. Lokhu kuqhubeka izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese uzizwa ukhathele amasonto ambalwa. Uyafunga ukuthi ngeke uphinde uyidle inkukhu. Uma impendulo yakho "Yebo"ke ungomunye wezigidi ezihlushwa ubuthi bokudla.
Izimo ziwukuthi imbangela enkulu yobuthi ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu awo wonke ushevu wokudla abangelwa inyama, amaqanda, noma inhlanzi. Amathuba okutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane ezilwane makhulu kakhulu kunemifino, ngoba izilwane zifana kakhulu nathi ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Amagciwane amaningi ahlala egazini noma kwezinye izilwane angaphila kahle emizimbeni yethu. Amagciwane kanye namagciwane adala ushevu ekudleni mancane kangangokuthi awakwazi ukubonwa ngeso lenyama. Amanye amabhaktheriya aphila futhi anda ngaphakathi kwezilwane eziphilayo, kuyilapho amanye ethelela inyama yezilwane esezihlatshiwe ngenxa yendlela egcinwa ngayo. Kunoma yikuphi, sihlala sithola izifo ezihlukahlukene enyameni esiyidlayo, futhi kuba nzima kakhulu ukuzelapha. Ngokusho kukahulumeni wase-UK, izinkulungwane zabantu ziya kudokotela nohlobo oluthile loshevu wokudla. Lokho kwengeza izehlakalo ezifika ku-85000 ngonyaka, okungenzeka ukuthi azizwakali njengeningi labantu abayizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Kodwa nakhu ukubamba! Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inombolo yangempela iphindwe kashumi, kodwa abantu abayi njalo kudokotela, bavele bahlale ekhaya futhi bahlupheke. Lokhu kulingana nezimo ezibalelwa ku-850000 zokudla okunoshevu unyaka nonyaka, ezingama-260 kuzo ebulalayo. Kunamagciwane amaningi abangela ubuthi, nanka amagama avame kakhulu: I-Salmonella iyimbangela yokufa kwamakhulu e-UK. Leli gciwane litholakala enkukhuni, emaqandeni, nasenyameni yamadada namaturkey. Leli gciwane libangela isifo sohudo nobuhlungu besisu. Okunye ukutheleleka okuyingozi kakhulu - i-campylobactum, etholakala ikakhulukazi enyameni yenkukhu. Ngichaze isenzo saleli gciwane emzimbeni womuntu ekuqaleni kwalesi sahluko; ivusa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lobuthi. Kusuka listeria futhi ibulala amakhulu abantu minyaka yonke, leli gciwane litholakala ekudleni okugayiwe kanye nokudla okuqandisiwe - inkukhu ephekiwe nesalami. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, leli bhaktheriya liyingozi kakhulu, lizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, futhi lingaholela egazini eliyingozi kanye ne-meningitis noma ngisho nokufa kombungu. Esinye sezizathu ezenza kube nzima ukulawula wonke amagciwane atholakala enyameni ukuthi amabhaktheriya ahlala eshintsha - ukushintshashintsha. kuguquka – inqubo efana nenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezilwane, umehluko kuphela ukuthi amabhaktheriya aguquka ngokushesha kunezilwane phakathi namahora ambalwa, hhayi iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Amaningi ala magciwane aguquliwe asheshe aphele, kodwa amaningi ayasinda. Abanye bangamelana nemithi eyayisebenza kwabangaphambi kwabo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ososayensi kufanele babheke imithi emisha nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kusukela ngo-1947, lapho yasungulwa i-penicillin, kwemithi elwa namagciwane nezinye izidakamizwa, odokotela babekwazi ukwelapha izifo ezaziwa kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokudla okunoshevu. Manje amagciwane asezishintshe kakhulu kangangokuthi ama-antibiotic awasasebenzi kuwo. Amanye amagciwane awakwazi ukulashwa yinoma imuphi umuthi wezokwelapha, futhi leli yiqiniso odokotela abakhathazeke kakhulu ngalo ngoba mincane kakhulu imithi emisha ekhiqizwayo manje kangangokuthi imithi emisha ayinaso isikhathi sokuvala emidala engasasebenzi. Esinye sezizathu zokusabalala kwamagciwane enyameni izimo lapho izilwane zifuywa khona emadeleni. Ukungahlanzeki, amanzi egcwele yonke indawo, amasaha agaya izidumbu, igazi elifafazayo, amafutha, izingcezu zenyama namathambo yonke indawo. Izimo ezinjalo zivuna ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane namagciwane, ikakhulukazi ngosuku olunomoya. USolwazi Richard Lacey, owenza ucwaningo ngokufakwa kukashevu ekudleni, uthi: “Lapho isilwane esiphile saka singena esilaheni, maningi amathuba okuba isidumbu singenwe uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane.” Ngenxa yokuthi inyama iyimbangela yesifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza, bayanda abantu abadla inyama yenkomo, yemvu nengulube ukuze badle inkukhu enempilo. Kwezinye izitshalo zokucubungula ukudla, izindawo zokucubungula izinkukhu zihlukaniswa kwezinye izindawo ngezikrini ezinkulu zengilazi. Ingozi ukuthi inkukhu ingasabalalisa isifo kwezinye izinhlobo zenyama. Indlela yokuphatha izinkukhu ezihlatshiwe iqinisekisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane afana i-salmonella or umagazine. Ngemva kokunqunywa komphimbo wezinyoni, zonke zicwiliswa ethangini elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaba amadigri angamashumi amahlanu, anele ukuhlukanisa izimpaphe, kodwa akwanele ukubulala amabhaktheriyaezizalanayo emanzini. Isigaba esilandelayo senqubo sinegethivu ngokufanayo. Amagciwane kanye namagciwane ahlala ngaphakathi kwanoma yisiphi isilwane. Ingaphakathi lezinkukhu ezifile zikhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngomshini omise okwesipuni. Lo mshini uklwebha ingaphakathi lenyoni eyodwa ngemva kwenye - inyoni ngayinye esebhandeni lokuthutha isakaza amagciwane. Ngisho noma izidumbu zezinkukhu zithunyelwa efrijini, amagciwane awafi, avele ayeke ukuphindaphindeka. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho inyama incibilikile, inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala kabusha. Ukube inkukhu ibiphekwe kahle, bezingeke zibe khona izinkinga zempilo ngoba i-salmonella ibingeke ikwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlanzeka. Kodwa uma uqaqa inkukhu ephekwe ngaphambilini, uthola i-salmonella ezandleni zakho futhi ungaphila kunoma yini oyithintayo, ngisho nezindawo zokusebenza. Izinkinga ziphinde zivele endleleni inyama egcinwa ngayo ezitolo. Ngikhumbula ngesinye isikhathi ngizwa indaba yowesifazane owayesebenza esuphamakethe. Uthe into ayizondayo yi-mint paste. Angikwazanga ukuthola ukuthi wayeqonde ukuthini kwaze kwaba yilapho echaza ukuthi inhlama ye-mint iyi-pustule encane, eyindilinga, enokhilimu, egcwele amagciwane evame ukubonakala lapho isikwa ivuliwe. inyama. Futhi benzani ngazo? Abasebenzi basesuphamakethe bavele bakhuculule ubomvu,anqume lenyama ayiphose ebhakedeni. Emgqomeni kadoti? Hhayi ebhakedeni elikhethekile, bese uliyisa ku-grinder yenyama. Ziningi ezinye izindlela zokudla inyama engcolile ngaphandle kokwazi. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, kuye kwavundululwa izintatheli zethelevishini okuhlukahlukene mayelana nendlela inyama ephathwa ngayo. Izinkomo ebezinebhadi, ebezithathwa njengezingafanele ukudliwa ngabantu ngenxa yezifo noma ziphakelwa ama-antibiotics, zigcine sezigcwele ophaya kanye nesisekelo sokunye ukudla. Kuke kwaba nezigameko zokuthi izitolo ezinkulu zibuyisele inyama kubahlinzeki ngoba yonakele. Benzani abahlinzeki? Basika izingcezu ezinomoya, bagezisa inyama esele, bayinqamule base bephinda bayidayisa bezenza inyama esanda kudla, engenamafutha. Kunzima kuwe ukusho ukuthi inyama yinhle ngempela noma ibukeka sengathi yinhle. Kungani abahlinzeki benza ngale ndlela? Ake uSihlalo Wesikhungo esibhekene nezinkinga aphendule lo mbuzo Ezemvelo Nezempilo: “Cabanga ngenzuzo engase itholakale ngokuthenga isilwane esifile, esingakufanelekeli ukudliwa umuntu, singathengwa ngamakhilogremu angu-25 futhi sidayiswe njengenhle, inyama entsha okungenani ngamakhilogremu angu-600 ezitolo.” Akekho ongazi ukuthi lo mkhuba wande kangakanani, kodwa ngokwalabo asebephenyile lolu daba, sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba futhi isimo siya ngokuba sibi. Ingxenye ejabulisa kakhulu ukuthi inyama embi kakhulu, eshibhile futhi, ezikhathini eziningi, iningi lenyama engcolile ithengiselwa labo abayithenga ngemali eshibhile futhi ngamanani amakhulu, okuyizibhedlela, amakhaya asebekhulile kanye nezikole lapho isetshenziselwa ukupheka. ukudla kwasemini.