Ingabe isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C singelapheka ngokuphelele?

Njengamanje, umphakathi ubona isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C njengesifo esiqhubeka phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifakwa emthanjeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuneqembu labantu abesaba kakhulu ukutheleleka ngaleli fomu le-hepatitis ngesikhathi sokuqokwa ku-cosmetic noma i-nail salon, ngakho-ke bathatha zonke izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuphepha.

Ingabe i-hepatitis iyinkinga kubantu abasengozini?

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho umuntu egula ngenxa yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo, ezinye izinkinga ezimcindezelayo ziyanyamalala kuye. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiguli ukululama ngokushesha futhi ubuyele endleleni evamile yokuphila. Ukutheleleka kwabantu ngegciwane le-hepatitis B kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ngokuthintana nezinto eziphilayo zesiguli.

Kunenani elikhulu lamacala lapho lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane kungena emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhathi sokuvakashela ihhovisi lamazinyo, indawo yokudweba imifanekiso, igumbi le-manicure, isikhungo sezokwelapha, njll. Ngokwemvelo, iqembu lengozi liholwa yizidakamizwa ezijova ngomjovo nsuku zonke, futhi ngokuvamile isirinji eyodwa isetshenziswa inkampani yonke.

Ungayithola kanjani i-hepatitis C?

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C sisakazwa kuphela ngomzila we-parenteral. Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungena enxebeni yomuntu, equkethwe ezintweni eziphilayo zesiguli esinesifo sokusha kwesibindi.

Ngokungafani nokusha kwesibindi kweqembu B, lolu hlobo lwesifo aluvamile ukudluliselwa phakathi nobuhlobo bobulili obungavikelekile. Ngokwezibalo ezitholakalayo, ithuba lokuthola isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C phakathi kwabalingani bobulili abangawasebenzisi amakhondomu cishe lilinganiselwa ku-5% ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 yenani eliphelele leziguli.

Izici zegciwane le-hepatitis C

Igciwane le-hepatitis C alikwazi ukuhlala lisebenza endaweni yangaphandle isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokuba igazi lomile, igciwane liyafa, ukuze uma izinhlayiya zezinto ezomile zezinto eziphilayo zingena enxebeni elivulekile lomuntu, ukutheleleka ngalesi sifo ngeke kwenzeke.

Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis C, ukutheleleka kwegciwane leqembu B kunokusebenza okumangalisayo. Ingahlala isebenza amashumi eminyaka ngaphansi kwanoma yiliphi ithonya langaphandle.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlanza noma iyiphi into ebukhoneni bezinto eziphilayo ezingcolile ukwenza i-sanitization amahora amabili ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. Igciwane le-hepatitis B lingacekelwa phansi ekushiseni okungama-300 °C.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekungenweni isifo sokusha kwesibindi?

Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi abantu bahlale bethatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezizosiza ukuzivikela ekungenweni yisifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.

Imithi yesimanje incoma ngokuqinile ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphepha zithathwe yibo bobabili abantu nabasebenzi bezikhungo zezokwelapha kanye nomkhakha wezinsizakalo:

• sebenzisa amathuluzi alahlwayo lapho wenza izinqubo zokwelapha;

• Hlanza njalo amathuluzi asetshenziswa yi-manicure, i-tattoo kanye nezindawo zobuhle;

• lapho uthatha igazi, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela izinto eziphilayo, okumele zigcinwe zodwa isikhathi esithile;

• nganoma yikuphi ukusola kokuba khona kwegciwane egazini, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiwe, okuningiliziwe, njll.

Kufanele uziphathe kanjani lapho uvakashela udokotela wamazinyo noma isaluni yobuhle?

Izindinganiso zenhlanzeko zenzelwe izikhungo zezokwelapha nezikhungo ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezimonyo, ezihlobene nakho kokubili ukuhlanza izakhiwo namathuluzi okucubungula. Njengamanje, lezi zidingo zibhekwa ngokuqinile, ngoba isikhungo ngasinye sinesibopho sempilo nempilo yamakhasimende aso futhi asifuni ukucasula ngokuzimela ukuvela kwezimo zezinkinga.

Kuma-tattoo parlors, isimo sinzima kakhulu, njengoba amahhovisi amaningi esebenza ngokusemthethweni futhi onga izibulala-magciwane ezibizayo.

Igciwane le-hepatitis lingahlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni wesiguli ngaphandle kwezimpawu?

Ngemva kokungena kokutheleleka ngegciwane emzimbeni womuntu, kufanele kuthathe isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuphindaphindeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli ngeke sibe nakho ukungaphatheki kahle noma ezinye izimpawu ezitholakala ku-hepatitis yeqembu C. Ngisho nokuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri ngeke kukwazi ukubona ukuba khona kwegciwane.

Iziguli eziningi zifunda ukuthi zingabathwali begciwane le-hepatitis ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphelele okwenziwa ngaphambi kokungenelela okuhleliwe kokuhlinzwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-hepatitis kusuka komunye nomunye?

Imithi yesimanje ihlukanisa i-hepatitis ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A – siyelapheka futhi asibi isikhathi eside (umuthi wokugomela osebenzayo usuwenziwe ngokumelene naso);

• I-Hepatitis ifomu D - igciwane elingavamile elivela ezigulini ezine-hepatitis B;

• amafomu e-hepatitis F no-E - awathuthuki endaweni yeRussian Federation;

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B no-C yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo, okuvame ukuvela kuzo isifo sokusha kwesibindi noma isifo sokusha kwesibindi (kusukela kulezi zinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kokushona kwabantu abaningi kakhulu).

Ubani ongaba umthwali wegciwane?

Lapho igciwane le-hepatitis C lingena emzimbeni womuntu, okulandelayo kwenzeka:

• umuntu uba umthwali wegciwane;

• isiguli sithelelekile;

• umuntu uyagula futhi udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo C singahlala sithule ukuphila kwakho konke futhi singabangeli ukukhathazeka kumuntu. I-cirrhosis yesibindi kuleli cala ingase ikhule kwezinye iziguli eminyakeni engu-20 ngemva kokutheleleka, kanti kwezinye iziguli ngeke ikhule ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-60.

Ingabe i-hepatitis C kufanele ilashwe?

Ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunqunyiwe kweziguli, kukhona ukubikezela okuhle kakhulu. Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C zenza kube nokwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele isiguli futhi, eminyakeni eminingana ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa, kususe igazi lakhe ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba aleli gciwane.

Ngokwezibikezelo ezikhona, maduze nje, kuzokwethulwa imithi emisha engasiza ngaphezu kuka-90% weziguli ezine-hepatitis. Eminye imithi izothunyelwa ukuthi ibhaliswe kuhulumeni kulo nyaka. Ngosizo lwabo, kuzokwazi ukwandisa kakhulu umphumela wokwelapha izidakamizwa.

Ingabe isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C singaziphelela sona?

Kunesigaba seziguli okutholwa kuzo amasosha omzimba e-hepatitis C ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri, kodwa igciwane le-RNA ngokwalo alitholakali.

Imiphumela enjalo isivumela ukuba sisho ukuthi isiguli sasisanda kugula ngenxa yesifo sokusha kwesibindi, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa sasilulama. Ezimweni ezingama-70%, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo simane sibe esingamahlalakhona, futhi u-30% weziguli ezelashiwe zingasidlulisela kabusha lesi sifo.

Ingabe umgomo wokugomela i-hepatitis B uyavikela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane?

Ngokuqhubeka kwe-hepatitis yeqembu B, iziguli zinikezwa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezingacindezela igciwane futhi zivimbele ukuzala kwalo. Iziguli kufanele zithathe izidakamizwa ezinjalo njalo, kuze kufike ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi wesibindi.

Ukugonyelwa isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kuzovikela umzimba wesiguli iminyaka engu-5, ngemva kwalokho ukugoma kwesibili kuyodingeka kwenziwe. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethwala lolu hlobo lwegciwane, angakwazi ukuthelela ingane yakhe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Yingakho izingane ezinjalo ezisanda kuzalwa zigonywa ngokushesha ngokumelene ne-hepatitis, okuvimbela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo.

Umuntu kufanele agonyelwe i-hepatitis B eneminyaka emingaki?

Ukubamba iqhaza ekugomeni kuyindaba yomuntu ngamunye yomuntu ngamunye. Ngaphambi kokuvakashela isikhungo sezokwelapha, isiguli kufanele sizicabangele zonke izingozi ezingenzeka zokutheleleka nge-hepatitis B esemncane, lapho abantu bephila impilo enobudlova, kuyadingeka ukuthi bagonyelwe lesi sifo.

Ebudaleni, amathuba okuxhumana okuqondile nezinto eziphilayo zomuntu ogulayo awanciphisi kumuntu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe emzimbeni wakho. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele akhumbule ukuthi eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokugoma, kuyadingeka ukwenza kabusha.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthola isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B ngocansi olungavikelekile?

Ngenxa yokuthi igciwane le-hepatitis B alitholakali kuphela egazini lesiguli, kodwa futhi kuzo zonke izimfihlo ze-mucosal, lapho uhlanganyela ocansini olungavikelekile, amathuba okuthola lesi sifo ayanda izikhathi eziningana. Lapho uqabula, igciwane lingadluliselwa kuphela uma umuntu onempilo enezilonda ezintsha olimini noma emlonyeni womlomo. 

Ingabe umgomo wokugomela i-hepatitis C uzokwenziwa?

Uma umuntu enegciwane le-hepatitis C, amasosha omzimba angena ngokushesha empini, okuthinta kabi amangqamuzana esibindi. Amasosha omzimba esiguli yedwa ngeke akwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, kuye kwasungulwa umuthi okwazi ukubhekana nalolu hlobo lwegciwane. Naphezu kwazo zonke izivivinyo zemitholampilo ezenziwe, eziphumelele kakhulu, lesi sidakamizwa asizange silethwe emakethe yasekhaya. Uma kwenzeka kugonywa minyaka yonke, umzimba wesiguli ngeke usakubona lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane.

Kufanele senzeni isiguli uma sisola ukuthi sinegciwane lokusha kwesibindi?

Uma kwenzeka umuntu esola ukuthi une-hepatitis, udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uchwepheshe wephrofayili emincane uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okuphelele futhi, ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, uzobeka ukwelashwa okwakhayo.

Njengamanje, kunezikhungo ezikhethekile ze-hepatological, eziqasha ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abangakwazi ukwelapha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukwelashwa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezinjalo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zesifunda noma ama-quota akhethekile, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zazo zizonke.

Ubani okhethela isiguli indlela yokwelapha?

Ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele isiguli esithile, uchwepheshe kufanele enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Ngokusekelwe emlandweni oqoqiwe walesi sifo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi elabhorethri kanye ne-biopsy yesibindi, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi mangakanani amathuba okuthuthukisa i-cirrhosis.

Uma kwenzeka isiguli sifika ekuqokweni okuye kwaba nesifo sokusha kwesibindi iminyaka engu-15 futhi kuye kunamathuba aphezulu, ngemva kweminyaka engu-10, ukuthola i-cirrhosis yesibindi, udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa okwakhayo.

Uma insizwa eke yaba ngumthwali waleli gciwane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka iza kudokotela enezimpawu ze-hepatitis, uchwepheshe uzoncoma ukuthi alinde iminyaka eminingana ngokwelashwa, kuncike kuyo yonke imiyalelo nezincomo. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5-6, isiguli esinjalo sizothola inkambo yokwelashwa ezoqeda igciwane le-hepatitis ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje.  

Yini okufanele iziguli zenze?

Emazweni angaphandle athuthukile, iziguli ezitholakale zine-hepatitis C zithola ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezindleko zombuso. Ngokwesibonelo, iziguli ezingu-3500 ezitholakale zinesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B ziye zatholakala eHungary. Umbuso ukhokhela ukwelashwa kwabo ngokugcwele futhi uyaqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke bathelele ezinye izakhamuzi. Ezigulini ezine-hepatitis C, izikhungo ezingu-14 zidalwe, lapho zingahloli khona kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatological, kodwa futhi zithola ukwelashwa mahhala.

E-Russia namuhla asikho isisekelo somthetho sokuthi umbuso uzibophezele ngempilo nempilo yalesi sigaba seziguli. Namuhla, iziguli ezine-HIV kuphela ezithola imithi yamahhala nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ezikhungweni ezikhethekile. Uma kwenzeka iziguli ezine-hepatitis zizobonisa ngokuqhubekayo isikhundla sabo, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze umbuso uzobaphatha mahhala.