Un umdlavuza kusho ukuba khona kwamaseli angavamile aphindaphindeka ngendlela engalawuleki. Uma kwenzeka kuba umdlavuza webele, amangqamuzana angahlala ebeleni noma asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba ngegazi noma imithambo ye-lymph. Isikhathi esiningi, ukuqhubeka komdlavuza webele kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ngisho neminyaka embalwa.

Le umdlavuza webele umdlavuza otholakala kakhulu kwabesifazane emhlabeni wonke, ngaphambi nangemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini¹. A Owesifazane kwabesifazane abayisi-9 uzoba nomdlavuza webele empilweni yabo kanti owesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-1 uzobulawa wuwo.

Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza webele uvela ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. i isilinganiso sokusinda Iminyaka engu-5 ngemuva kokuxilongwa isukela ku-80% iye ku-90%, kuye ngeminyaka kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.

Inani labantu abathintekile lenyuke kancane kodwa kancane kancane kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- izinga lokufa liye lehla ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili eyenziwe screening, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa.

Ake sikhulume ukuthi amadoda kungathinteka futhi; bamele u-1% wawo wonke amacala.

Isifuba

Le webele iqukethe amafutha, izindlala namapayipi (bheka umdwebo ophambene). Izindlala, ezihlelwe ngama-lobules, zikhiqiza Ubisi kanye nemigudu (imigudu yokuncelisa noma imigudu yobisi) ihambisa ubisi ingono. Izicubu zamabele zithonywa amahomoni akhiqizwa abesifazane ngamanani ahlukahlukene kukho konke ukuphila kwabo (ukuthomba, ukukhulelwa, ukuncelisa, njll.). Lawa ma-hormone yi-estrogen ne-progesterone.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wamabele zikhula ngezindlela ezahlukene:

Umdlavuza ongahlaseli

• I-Ductal carcinoma in situ. Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele ongahlaseli kwabesifazane. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, yakha ngaphakathi imigudu yokuncelisa ibele. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza selutholakale kaningi ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi i-mammography. Ukwelashwa kwalo mdlavuza kuholela ekwelapheni cishe kuzo zonke izimo. Ngokujwayelekile ayisakazeki. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngaphandle kokwelashwa, uyaqhubeka eyakhe ukukhula bese “ingena ngesinyenyela” ngaleyo ndlela isabalale ngaphandle kwemigudu yokuncelisa.

Umdlavuza ohlaselayo noma ongena ngaphakathi

Lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza zihlasela izicubu eduze kwemigudu yokuncelisa, kodwa uhlale ngaphakathi ebeleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isimila singelashwa, singasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (isibonelo, amathambo, amaphaphu noma isibindi) sibangele ama-metastases.

• I-Ductal carcinoma. Yakha emiseleni yokuncelisa. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza adlula odongeni lwamapayipi;
• I-Lobular carcinoma. Amaseli omdlavuza avela kuma-lobes aqoqwe ndawonye kuma-lobes. Khona-ke, bawela udonga lwama-lobules futhi basakaze ezicutshini ezizungezile;
• I-carcinoma yokuvuvukala. Umdlavuza ongavamile obonakala kakhulu ngebele elingase libe red, evuvukele et hot. Isikhumba sebele singaphinda sithathe ukubonakala kwekhasi lewolintshi. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula ngokushesha futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuwelapha;
• Amanye ama-carcinoma (i-medullary, i-colloid noma i-mucinous, i-tubular, i-papillary). Lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza webele azivamile. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza usekelwe ohlotsheni lwamaseli athintekile;
• Isifo sikaPaget. Umdlavuza ongavamile obonakala njengomncane isilonda engonweni engapholi.

Izimbangela

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezaziwayo zengozi yazo umdlavuza webele. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi akunakwenzeka ukuchaza izizathu zokuvela kwayo kumuntu othile.

izinzuzo ukuguqulwa kofuzo, edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane noma etholwe ukuphila kwakho konke (ukuchayeka emisebeni noma kumakhemikhali anobuthi athile, isibonelo, kungashintsha izakhi zofuzo), kungabangela umdlavuza wamabele. Izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2, isibonelo, ziyizakhi zofuzo ezitholakala kalula umdlavuza webele kanye nesibeletho. Abesifazane abathwala izinguquko kulezi zakhi zofuzo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza.

Evolution

Amathuba okuthi ukuphulukiswa kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwawo lapho uqala ukwelashwa. Izici ezihlukahlukene zinethonya ijubane lapho kuzomila khona isimila. Ukuthola kabanzi mayelana nezigaba zokukhula komdlavuza, bheka iphepha lethu lamaqiniso omdlavuza.