Ukuhlolwa komzimba: izivivinyo zonyaka odinga ukuthi owesifazane azenze

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukukhumbula umlando womndeni wakho: bashonelwa yini ugogo nomkhulu wakho, futhi uma besaphila, yiziphi izifo ezingapheli abaphethwe ngazo. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukwazi ukuthi okhokho bakho babegula ngani nokuthi bashonani, kuzoba lula kudokotela ukukwenzela uhlelo lokuhlola udokotela ngamunye. Kodwa noma silahla izici zomuthi wakho wofuzo, bonke abesifazane, ngaphandle kokukhetha, badinga:

• thatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile (emunweni noma emthanjeni),

• phumelela ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele,

• dlula ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-biochemical ngenani lezinkomba, indaba ezoba ngayo kamuva,

• ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane,

• ukuhlolwa kwe-mammologist,

• hlolela izimbali zesitho sangasese sowesifazane,

• hlolwa izindlala zebele (i-ultrasound - uma ungakabi neminyaka engama-35-40 ubudala, i-mammography - uma usuneminyaka engama-35 noma engama-40 ubudala; udokotela, ngemuva kokulalela i-anamnesis yakho, ezimweni ezilinganiselwe, ngeminyaka, nquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukulungele),

• ukwenza i-ultrasound yezitho ze-pelvic (ukuthola izifo nama-neoplasms),

• ukwenza i-colposcopy (ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ukuze kukhishwe ukuwohloka kwamaseli abe yimbi),

• hlola iphrofayili ye-lipid (izokhombisa ukuthi iphezulu kangakanani ingozi yamahlule egazi),

• ukwenza i-ECG,

• nikela ngegazi likashukela (ukuze ungaphuthelwa ukuqala kokukhula kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus),

• hlola ama-okomarker (thatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungenani ama-tumor marker amathathu: i-CA-125 - yomdlavuza wesibeletho, i-CA-15-3 - yomdlavuza webele, i-CA-19-19 - yomdlavuza wekoloni nowomhlane, osendaweni yesithathu ukwanda kwabesifazane ngemuva komdlavuza webele namaphaphu),

• vakashela isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo,

• ukuhlaziywa kwama-hormone (kufanele kuthathwe ekuqaleni nangosuku lwama-20 lomjikelezo). Izobonisa ukuthi ama-ovari akho kanye nendlala yegilo kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ake siqhubekele phambili ekuchazeni izinkomba zokuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.

I-Alanine aminotransferase (AMT) ikhombisa uma kukhona ukulimala kwesibindi (isifo sokusha kwesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi, i-cirrhosis, noma umdlavuza). Uma izinga layo lenyuswa, lokhu kuyisizathu sokuthi odokotela basole isifo. Yiqiniso, kunzima ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

I-Amylase iphelele ku-serum - i-enzyme yama-pancreas. Ukuhlolwa kuzokutshela ukuthi une-pancreatitis noma omunye umonakalo esiswini sakho. Futhi, uma izinga layo lenyuswa, khona-ke odokotela bazokhala i-alamu, kodwa ngeke bakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini engalungile ngawe: ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.

Ama-antibodies ku-thyroperoxidase - inkomba ye-autoimmune thyroid disease.

I-Antithrombin III inomphumela ocindezelayo ekuhluleni kwegazi. Ukuncipha kokugxila kwawo kubonisa ukuthi kunengozi yokuvinjelwa kwegazi.

Isamba samaprotheni we-whey… Amaprotheni egazi ahlukaniswa abe i-albumin (ekhiqizwe emaprotheni ahlinzekwa ngokudla esibindini) nama-globulins (asekela ukuzivikela komzimba, ukuthutha imisoco kuya ezicutshini, ukuqinisekisa ukujiya kwegazi okuvamile, futhi amelelwa ama-enzyme namahomoni. Odokotela bangase bakhathazeke ngaleli qiniso. ukuthi inani lamaprotheni owancishisiwe, futhi banesithakazelo senani eliphelele, hhayi isihlobo, okuncike ekubambezelekeni noma, ngokuphambene, ukulahlekelwa uketshezi.Ngakho, uma okuqukethwe okuphelele kwamaprotheni egazini kuyancipha. , khona-ke lokhu kungase kubonise ukwephulwa kwe-protein metabolism, yona ngokwayo ingaba uphawu lokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi (njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-albumin ngokuvamile kuncipha), ukuphazamiseka kwezinso noma i-endocrine system.Ngokujwayelekile, uma bethola ukuthi kukhona okungalungile, khona-ke bazophinde bahlole.

Isamba se-bilirubin - i-bilirubin, umkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwe-hemoglobin equkethwe kumangqamuzana abomvu egazi afa ngokwemvelo noma okuthile okubangela ukufa kwawo. Ngokuvamile, i-1% ye-erythrocyte ihlakazeka kumuntu onempilo ngosuku; ngakho-ke, cishe i-100-250 mg ye-bilirubin ingena egazini. I-Bilirubin ingakhula ngenxa yokwanda kokuwohloka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi (okuyinto evamile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia) noma ukulimala kwesibindi (ngokwesibonelo, nge-hepatitis). Iqiniso liwukuthi ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kwe-bilirubin kwenzeka esibindi ukuze kukhishwe emzimbeni, noma kunjalo, uma isibindi sonakalisiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, khona-ke i-bilirubin ikhishwa emangqamuzaneni awonakele, ingena egazini. Ukwanda kwe-bilirubin nakho kungahlotshaniswa nobunzima ekuphumeni kwe-bile (isibonelo, uma i-bile duct icindezelwa okuthile, isibonelo, isimila, i-lymph node ekhulisiwe, itshe noma isibazi), khona-ke lesi simo ebizwa ngokuthi i-bile duct dyskinesia. Ukuze uthole ukuthi unokunye kwalokhu okungavamile ekusebenzeni komzimba, lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyanqunywa.

I-Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) - i-enzyme etholakala kumaseli esibindi nama-bile ducts, ngokulandelana, umphumela ubonisa futhi ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kanjani. Umphumela wokuhlolwa uzosiza ukuthola ukuthi une-bile stasis (holistasis). Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa kwale enzyme nakho kubangelwa utshwala, ngakho-ke, ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlaziywa, akufanele uphuze noma uthathe i-paracetomol noma i-phenobarbital (equkethwe ku-Corvalol), ebuye ikhulise inkomba ye-GGT.

I-glucose ye-plasma… Lokhu akukhona nhlobo mayelana nomculi odumile esikrinini, kodwa mayelana nomphumela ozokusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba isifo sikashukela siqala ngezimpawu ezincane ezinganakwa kalula. Ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi kulabo abanofuzo lwesifo sikashukela (isihlobo esiseduze sinesifo sikashukela), bakhuluphele, noma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-45.

I-Homocysteine... Iqongelela emzimbeni, i-homocysteine ​​​​iqala ukuhlasela izindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi, i-intima, ehlanganiswe ne-endothelium. Futhi umzimba ufuna ukuphulukisa izikhala eziwumphumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba une-cholesterol ne-calcium, eyakha ama-atherosclerotic plaque ezindongeni zemikhumbi eyonakele. Futhi konke bekuyoba kuhle uma lezi zingqwembe zingagcinanga ziholele ekuvinjweni kwemikhumbi elungiswayo! I-Homocysteine ​​​​kufanele ihlolwe uma amalungu omndeni wakho aseduze anamahlule egazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma imivimbo ehlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kudingeka ikakhulukazi ukuqapha izinga layo uma izifo ezinjalo zikhula emndenini ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-50.

I-ayina ku-serum… Awukho engozini yokuba umgawuli uma ukuhlaziya kwakho kuyinto evamile. Uma une-anemia, khona-ke le nkomba izokusiza ukuthola ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nensimbi ephansi emzimbeni noma, mhlawumbe, ithuthukiswe, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12. Uma okuqukethwe kwakho kwe-iron, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwanda, khona-ke lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ye-hemochromatosis yofuzo (isifo esihlotshaniswa nokwanda kokumuncwa nokuqoqwa kwensimbi) noma ukweqisa kwamalungiselelo ensimbi.

I-Serum calcium… I-calcium iyinsimbi yokwakha eyinhloko yomzimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibandakanyeka ekufinyezweni kwemisipha nenhliziyo. Le mineral ihambisana njalo ne-phosphorus. Okusho ukuthi, uma inani le-calcium egazini liyancipha, okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kuphakama, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke, bakhuluma nge-phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Okuqukethwe kwe-calcium egazini kulawulwa yi-parathyroid kanye nezindlala zegilo. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa i-calcium metabolism emzimbeni, ebalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezinso (zikhipha i-calcium), ihlola ngokungaqondile ukuthi ingabe ukhona yini umdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu, wobuchopho noma womphimbo, ukuthi ukhona yini i-myeloma (uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi), futhi ngokungaqondile. kubonisa i-hyperthyroidism (uma izinga le-calcium liphezulu). Nokho, lokhu kuhlaziya ngeke kutshele odokotela lutho mayelana ne-calcium emathanjeni ohlaka lwamathambo! Ukuhlola le nkomba, kukhona inqubo ehlukile - i-densiometry.

I-coagulogram (i-prothrombin ngokusho kwe-Quick and INR) - umphumela ubonisa ukuthi igazi livala kahle kangakanani.

Ifomula ye-leukocyte (i-leukogram) ibonisa, okokuqala, ukuthi umzimba ungamelana kangakanani nokutheleleka, futhi okwesibili, ungabonisa, lapho ushintsha ngakwesobunxele (okungukuthi, ukwanda kwama-leukocyte angavuthiwe), umdlavuza wezinye izitho, kuhlanganise nesifuba.