Okuqukethwe
Ukuhambisana kohlobo lwegazi: yini odinga ukuyazi? Ividiyo
Ukuhlela kahle ukukhulelwa kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ebhekene nomama nobaba abakhulelwe. Kepha nabazali abazilungiselele kahle bangase bangazi ngisho nengozi esongela ingane, engadalwa ukungahambisani kwabo neqembu legazi.
Umqondo wokuhambisana komzali
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuhlangana kweqembu labazali kunethonya elilinganayo ekwakheni igazi lengane. Kodwa-ke, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ingane izothola ifa le-plasma kababa noma womama. Isibonelo, kubazali abanamaqembu II no-III, amathuba okuba nengane nanoma yiliphi iqembu angama-25%.
Kodwa indima enkulu emcabangweni wokungahambelani idlalwa hhayi iqembu legazi, kepha yi-Rh factor.
I-Rh factor (Rh) iyi-antigen noma iprotheni ekhethekile etholakala egazini labantu abangama-85% emhlabeni. Itholakala kulwelwesi lwamaseli abomvu egazi - ama-erythrocyte. Abantu abangenawo la maprotheni bane-Rh negative.
Uma bobabili abazali bene-Rh + noma i-Rh-, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Futhi, ungakhathazeki uma igazi likamama wakho line-Rh kanti uyihlo ene-Rh-negative.
Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingenzeka uma i-plasma yengane ene-Rh ixubene negazi likamama elingenalo i-Rh. Ukusabela okwenzeka kuleli cala kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Rh-conflict. Kubonakala okwamanje lapho i-antigen ekhona egazini lengane futhi engekho egazini likanina ingena emzimbeni wayo. Kulokhu, ukuhlangana kwenzeka - ukunamathela kwama-erythrocyte e-Rh-positive ne-Rh-negative. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, umzimba wesifazane uqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies akhethekile - ama-immunoglobulin.
Ama-immunoglobulin akhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-Rh-conflict angaba izinhlobo ezimbili - i-IgM ne-IgG. Ama-antibody e-IgM avela emhlanganweni wokuqala wama-erythrocyte "alwayo" futhi anosayizi omkhulu, yingakho engangeni kwi-placenta
Lapho lokhu kuphendula kuphindaphindwa, ama-immunoglobulin wesigaba se-IgG ayadedelwa, okuthi kamuva kubangele ukungahambelani. Ngokuzayo hemolysis - ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi enganeni.
Imiphumela yesifo se-hemolytic se-fetus
Ngenkathi ye-hemolysis, i-hemoglobin yehla ibe izinto ezinobuthi ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, inhliziyo, isibindi, izinso zengane. Ngokulandelayo, i-anemia, i-dropsy, ne-edema ye-fetus ingahle ikhule. Konke lokhu kungahambisana ne-hypoxia - indlala ye-oxygen, i-acidosis - ukwephula ibhalansi ye-acid-base nezinye izinkinga. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukufa kungenzeka.
Izimbangela zempikiswano ye-Rh
Amathuba okuxabana kwe-Rh ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala angama-10%. Ukugeleza kwalo kugcina kungenzeki ukuthi igazi lengane lingene kunina. Kepha kunezici okuthi, noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala, zikhulise amathuba okuba ne-Rh -xabano.
Njengomthetho, lezi yizi:
- ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
- ukukhipha isisu noma ukukhipha isisu
- ukwehlukaniswa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-placenta ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
- Izindlela zokuhlola ezingenayo
- ukumpontshelwa igazi
Ngenhlanhla, izinga lemithi yesimanje lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthwala ingane enempilo, noma ngabe abazali bengahambelani ne-Rh, kubalulekile kuphela ukuthola ngayo ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
Incazelo yokuhambisana kwezimpawu zezinkanyezi ingatholakala ku-horoscope yokuhambisana.