Enhloko-dolobha yaseQatar, eDoha, ekupheleni kukaMashi, kwaba nengqungquthela yababambe iqhaza emhlanganweni wokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngabamele izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala yezilwane zasendle nezitshalo (CITES). Ochwepheshe abavela emazweni angu-178, kuhlanganise neRussia, bahlangana ukuze bathathe izinyathelo ezihlangene zokuvimbela amacala okuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwamazwe ngamazwe ngezilwane nezitshalo.
Ukuhweba ngezilwane namuhla kungenye yezinhlobo ezinenzuzo kakhulu zebhizinisi lethunzi. Ngokusho kwe-Interpol, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi emhlabeni lukleliswe endaweni yesibili ngokwenzuzo yemali ngemuva kokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa - ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 ngonyaka.
NgoJulayi wonyaka odlule, izikhulu zentela zathola ibhokisi elikhulu lamapulangwe egcekeni lesitimela saseSt. Petersburg-Sevastopol. Ngaphakathi kwakunebhubesi lase-Afrika elinezinyanga eziyishumi ubudala. Umnikazi ubesenqoleni elandelayo. Wayengenawo nowodwa umqulu okhuluma ngesilwane esizingelayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umshushumbisi waqinisekisa abaqondisi ukuthi “kwakuyinja enkulu nje.”
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zikhishwa eRussia hhayi kuphela ngesitimela. Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ibhubesikazi elineminyaka emithathu ubudala uNaomi kanye nengane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala yase-Ussuri tiger Radzha - manje izakhamuzi zaseTula zoo - cishe zaphela eBelarus. Imoto enezilwane izame ukuphunyula emngceleni. Umshayeli wemoto wayenawo ngisho namapasi odokotela bezilwane zamakati, kodwa yayingekho imvume ekhethekile yokuthumela izilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile kwamanye amazwe.
U-Aleksey Vaysman useneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ebhekene nenkinga yokushushumbiswa kwezilwane. Ungumxhumanisi wohlelo lwe-TRAFFIC wildlife research research. Lona wuhlelo oluhlanganyelwe lwe-World Wildlife Fund (WWF) kanye ne-World Conservation Union (IUCN). Umsebenzi we-TRAFFIC wukuqapha ukuhwebelana kwezilwane zasendle nezitshalo. U-Alexey wazi kahle ukuthi yimuphi "umkhiqizo" odingeka kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Kuvela ukuthi izinkulungwane zezilwane ezingavamile zithunyelwa ngaphesheya kwemingcele yeRussian Federation njalo ngonyaka. Ukuthunjwa kwabo kwenzeka, njengomthetho, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America.
Ama-parrots, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezinkawu zilethwa eRussia, futhi ama-falcons angavamile (ama-gyrfalcons, ama-peregrine falcons, ama-saker falcons), abhalwe ku-Red Book, athunyelwa. Lezi zinyoni zaziswa kakhulu e-Arab East. Lapho asetshenziswa ku-falconry yendabuko. Intengo yomuntu oyedwa ingafinyelela kumadola ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-September 2009, umzamo wokuthutha ngokungemthetho ama-peregrine falcons ayisishiyagalombili awela umngcele wamiswa endaweni yezimpahla e-Domodedovo. Njengoba yasungulwa, izinyoni zazilungiselelwa ukuthunyelwa e-Doha. Afakwa phakathi kwamabhodlela eqhwa ezikhwameni ezimbili zezemidlalo; isimo soklebe sasibi kakhulu. Amaphoyisa ophiko lwe-custom anikezele ngezinyoni eSikhungweni Sokuhlenga Izilwane Zasendle eduze kwaseMoscow. Ngemuva kokuvalelwa yedwa izinsuku ezingama-20, ama-falcons akhululwa. Lezi zinyoni zazinenhlanhla, kodwa ezinye, ezingatholakalanga, azizange zibe nenhlanhla: zifakwe izidakamizwa, zisongwe nge-tape, imilomo namehlo azo athungiwe. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngeke kukhulunywe nganoma yikuphi ukudla namanzi. Ngeza kulokhu ukucindezeleka okunamandla - futhi sithola ukufa okukhulu kakhulu.
Izikhulu zeCustoms ziyachaza ukuthi kungani abashushumbisi bengesabi ukulahlekelwa ezinye “zezimpahla”: bakhokha imali enjalo ngezinhlobo eziyivelakancane kangangokuthi ngisho noma kusinda ikhophi eyodwa, iyoyikhokhela lonke iqoqo. Ababambi, abathwali, abathengisi - bonke babangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka emvelweni.
Ukomela abangenele inzuzo kuholela ekushabalaleni kwezinhlobo ezingavamile.
“Okubuhlungu wukuthi ukuthamba kwemithetho yethu akusivumeli ukuthi sibhekane ngokwanele nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane. E-Russia, akukho sihloko esihlukile esingakhuluma ngakho, "kusho u-Alexander Karelin, umhloli wezwe we-Federal Customs Service.
Uchaza ukuthi abamele izilwane balinganiswa nempahla evamile. Ungaqala icala lobugebengu kuphela ngaphansi kwe-Article 188 ye-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation "Smuggling", uma kufakazelwa ukuthi izindleko "zempahla ephilayo" zidlula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-250.
"Njengomthetho, izindleko "zezimpahla" azidluli lesi samba, ngakho abashushumbisi behla nezinhlawulo zokuphatha ezincane zama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-30 ngokungadalulwanga kanye nonya ezilwaneni," esho.
Kodwa unganquma kanjani ukuthi isilwane singabiza malini? Akuyona imoto lena enenani elithile.
U-Alexey Vaysman uchaze ukuthi isibonelo sihlolwa kanjani. Ngokusho kwakhe, iFederal Customs Service ifaka isicelo kuWorld Wildlife Fund ngesicelo sokunquma inani lesilwane. Inkinga ukuthi azikho izintengo ezingokomthetho ezimisiwe zezinhlobo ezingavamile, futhi isibalo sinikezwa ngesisekelo sokuqapha "imakethe emnyama" kanye ne-intanethi.
“Ummeli wommangalelwa unikeza enkantolo izitifiketi zakhe futhi ahlole ngolimi olungavamile ukuthi isilwane singama-dollar ambalwa kuphela. Futhi kakade inkantolo inquma ukuthi ubani okufanele akholwe - thina noma isiqeshana sephepha esivela eGabon noma eCameroon. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi inkantolo ivamise ukubethemba abameli,” kusho uWeissman.
Ngokusho kwabamele i-Wildlife Fund, kungenzeka impela ukulungisa lesi simo. Esigabeni 188 se-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, "ukushushumbisa" kufanele kubekwe emgqeni ohlukile njengesijeziso sokuthuthwa kwezilwane ngokungemthetho, njengoba kwenziwa endabeni yezidakamizwa nezikhali. Isijeziso esinzima asifunwa kuphela yi-Wildlife Fund, kodwa futhi yiRosprirodnadzor.
Ukuthola nokushaqa “ukushushumbiswa bukhoma” kusewuhhafu wenkinga, emva kwalokho izilwane zidinga ukugcinwa ndawana thize. Kulula kuma-falcons ukuthola indawo yokukhosela, ngoba ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30 angakwazi ukudedelwa endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ngezinhlobo ezingavamile, ezithanda ukushisa, kunzima kakhulu. E-Russia, cishe azikho izindawo ezikhethekile zombuso zokuchayeka ngokweqile kwezilwane.
“Sijikeleza ngokusemandleni ethu. Akukho lapho kubekwe khona izilwane ezithathiwe. NgeRosprirodnadzor sithola izikhungo ezizimele, kwesinye isikhathi ama-zoo ahlangana phakathi, ”kuchaza u-Alexander Karelin, umhloli wombuso weFederal Customs Service.
Izikhulu, abalondolozi bemvelo kanye ne-Federal Customs Service bayavuma ukuthi e-Russia akukho ukulawula kokujikeleza kwangaphakathi kwezilwane, awukho umthetho olawula ukuhwebelana ngezinhlobo ezingezona ezomdabu ezisohlwini lwe-CITES. Awukho nje umthetho kuleli zwe ngokuthi izilwane zingathathwa kanjani uma seziwele umngcele. Uma ukwazile ukweqa phakathi kwezimpahla, amakhophi angenisiwe angathengiswa futhi athengwe mahhala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengisi "bempahla ephilayo" bazizwa bengajeziswa neze.