Okuqukethwe
Igazi emchameni wengane (noma i-hematuria, i-erythrocyturia) akuyona isifo esizimele, kodwa umphumela wanoma yisiphi isifo sesistimu ye-genitourinary. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubonakala kwegazi emchameni wengane kungaba okuhlukile kwesimiso esingadingi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha nokukhathazeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube uphawu olwesabekayo lomtholampilo lwe-pathology esongela ukuphila.
Ngokuvamile, ama-erythrocyte angu-1-2 kuphela atholakala ekuhlolweni komchamo. Uma inani lamaseli abomvu egazi liphakeme kakhulu (3 noma ngaphezulu) - lokhu sekuvele kuyi-hematuria. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: i-microhematuria (lapho igazi emchameni litholwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, umchamo wengane ngokwawo awushintshi umbala wawo) kanye ne-hematuria enkulu (lapho igazi emchameni libonakala ngeso lenyama, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala amahlule egazi).
Izimpawu
Nge-microhematuria, igazi emcinini wengane alikwazi ukubonakala ngeso lenyama, kodwa lingatholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Nge-hematuria enkulu, igazi emchameni lanele ukuze umchamo wengane ushintshe umbala – usuka opinki ophaphathekile uye obomvu ngokugqamile ngisho nomnyama, cishe omnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazali kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukushintsha umbala womchamo kungabangela ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuthile kombala (ama-beet, ama-cherries, ama-blueberries), izidakamizwa (i-analgin, i-aspirin), futhi akukho lutho oluyingozi kulokhu.
Ngezinye izikhathi igazi emchameni wengane lingahambisana nobuhlungu ngaphansi kwesisu, emhlane ophansi nalapho uchama. Ubunzima bokuchama noma ukungabi khona kwayo ngokuphelele, umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ubuthakathaka kanye ne-malaise evamile kungase kubonakale - konke kuncike kulesi sifo, umphumela owawuyi-hematuria.
Izimbangela zegazi emchameni enganeni
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zegazi kumchamo ezinganeni yizifo zesistimu ye-genitourinary (izinso, ureter, isinye, urethra):
- i-cystitis (ukuvuvukala kwezindonga zesinye);
- urethritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra);
- i-pyelonephritis (ukuvuvukala kwamashubhu ezinso);
- i-glomerulonephritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli yezinso);
- i-hydronephrosis yezinso (ukuncipha kwengxenye ye-ureteropelvic, okuholela ekwephuleni kokuphuma komchamo);
- isifo se-urolithiasis;
- ukwakheka okubi kwezinso noma esinyeni (okungavamile kakhulu ezinganeni);
- ukulimala ezinso noma esinyeni.
- Isizathu esivame kakhulu segazi emchameni wengane yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezivuthayo zesimiso somchamo. Lezi yi-nephritis, i-glomerulonephritis, i-pyelonephritis, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala kwezinso, ne-cystitis, ukuvuvukala kwesinye. Urolithiasis kungenzeka. Usawoti emcinini ungakhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, izifo ezihlukahlukene zofuzo (nephritis) kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga nge-clotting yegazi - i-coagulopathy (kulokhu, ngaphezu kwezinso, kuzoba nokunye ukubonakaliswa kokuphuma kwegazi). Igazi emchameni lingaba ukuhluka okujwayelekile ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwengane - okuthiwa i-uric acid infarction. Ubukhona obuncane be-erythrocytes emcinini wengane buvumelekile ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka okunamandla kokuphefumula. Kulokhu, uma ingane ingasakhathazeki, futhi kukhona ama-erythrocyte ambalwa, odokotela bamane batusa ukubuyisela umchamo emavikini amabili bese behlola, - kuchaza. udokotela wezingane u-Elena Pisareva.
Ukwelashwa
Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu: uma ubona igazi emchameni wengane, awudingi ukuzithiba ngokwakho noma uvumele yonke into ithathe inkambo yayo. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Diagnostics
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hematuria ezinganeni kuhlanganisa ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane, lapho ezothatha khona i-anamnesis, acacise izimpawu futhi abuze mayelana nezitatimende zangaphambilini. Ngemuva kwalokho, kunqunywa ukuhlolwa komchamo (okujwayelekile nokukhethekile - ngokusho kukaZimnitsky, ngokusho kukaNechiporenko), kanye nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri njengokuthi: inani eliphelele legazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlangana, ukuthola i-urea ne-creatinine, kanye. njenge-ultrasound yezitho zesisu, isinye kanye ne-ureter, i-CT noma i-MRI, uma kunesidingo, noma ukubonisana nabanye ochwepheshe - i-urologist, udokotela ohlinzayo.
Ukwelashwa kwesimanje
Futhi, akuyona i-hematuria ngokwayo ephathwayo, kodwa imbangela yayo, okungukuthi, isifo esibangele ukubonakala kwegazi kumchamo. Uma kwenzeka izifo ezivuthayo nezithathelwanayo zezinso kanye ne-urinary tract, udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa okudingekayo - izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-antibiotics, i-uroseptics, kanye nenkambo yamavithamini ukwandisa ukungatheleleki. Uma igazi emcinini livela ngemva kokuba ingane ine-ARVI, khona-ke akukho ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe, futhi ingane ibhekwa nje ukuze isimo sakhe singabi sibi.
Prevention
Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela i-hematuria enganeni akukho. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha impilo yengane, ukuvimbela i-hypothermia, izifo, ukulimala okungaholela ezifweni zesistimu ye-genitourinary, futhi ngezimpawu zokuqala, thintana nodokotela futhi uhlolwe ngokugcwele.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Udokotela wezingane u-Elena Pisareva uphendule imibuzo ethandwayo mayelana ne-enuresis ezinganeni.