Uyini umnikelo wegazi?

Igazi lakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelets kanye ne-plasma, futhi lezi zingxenye ezihlukene zonke zinendima yazo futhi zingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela noma cha njengoba kudingeka. Igama "ukunikela ngegazi" empeleni lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zomnikelo:

Umnikelo ophelele wegazi. Ngalesi sipho, kuthathwa zonke izakhi zegazi. Owesifazane anganikela ngegazi amahlandla ama-4 ngonyaka nowesilisa amahlandla ayisithupha. Amaviki ayi-6 kumele ahlukanise umnikelo ngamunye.

Umnikelo we-plasma. Ukuqoqa i-plasma kuphela, igazi liyahlungwa bese ezinye izingxenye zegazi zibuyiselwa ngqo kumnikeli. Unganikela nge-plasma yakho njalo emavikini ama-2.

Ukunikela ngama-platelet. Ukunikela ngama-platelet kusebenza njengokunikela nge-plasma, kuphela ama-platelets aqoqwayo bese kuthi lonke igazi libuyiselwe kulowo onikelayo. Ama-platelet angagcinwa kuphela izinsuku ezingama-5. Unganikela ngama-platelet njalo emavikini ama-4 futhi kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-12 ngonyaka.

Uhamba kanjani umnikelo wegazi?

Ukunikela ngegazi kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngemuva kokutholwa esikhungweni sokuqoqa, umnikeli udlula ezigabeni eziningana:

• Ingxoxo nodokotela umuntu ozongenela umnikelo wamukelwa ngokuhlelekile ngudokotela ngaphambi komnikelo wakhe. Uhlola isimo sempilo yakhe, umlando wakhe nowomndeni wakhe kodwa futhi nezinye izinto ezifana nokuqokwa kwakamuva nodokotela wamazinyo, ukugula kwakhe, ukulaliswa kwakhe esibhedlela, noma ngabe unesifo segazi, ukuhamba kwakhe, njll. Okwamanje ukuthi sihlola umfutho wegazi walowo ozonikela ngokuzayo kodwa futhi nokuthi sibala umthamo wegazi esingamthatha kuye. Lokhu kubalwa kwenziwa ngokwesisindo nobukhulu baso.
• Isipho : kwenziwa ngumhlengikazi. Amasampula amasampuli athathwa ngaphambi komnikelo wokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene. Kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emizuzwini eyi-10 (ngokunikelwa okuphelele kwegazi) kuya emizuzwini engu-45 yeminikelo ye-plasma neplatelet.
• Isidlo: ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva komnikelo, iziphuzo zinikezwa abaxhasi. Kubalulekile ukuphuza kakhulu ukusiza umzimba ukuthi unqobe ukulahleka koketshezi. Kunikelwa ukudla okulula kubanikeli kulandela umnikelo. Lokhu kuvumela iqembu lezokwelapha ukuthi "libuke" abanikeli ngemuva komnikelo wabo futhi baqiniseke ukuthi abakhathele noma baphaphathekile.

Yiziphi okuphikisana nokunikela ngegazi?

Abantu abadala kuphela abagunyaziwe ukunikela ngegazi. Kukhona okunye ukuphikisana nokunikela ngegazi njenge:

• isisindo esingaphansi kuka-50kg,
• ukhathala,
• i-anemia,
• sikashukela
• ukukhulelwa: abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abesifazane abasanda kubeletha abavunyelwe ukunikela ngegazi,
• lumuthi wokuphuza: kufanele ulinde izinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuphela kwesibulala-magciwane noma ama-corticosteroids,
• isifo esidluliselwa ngegazi (ugcunsula, i-hepatitis yegciwane B no-C noma HIV),
• uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 eFrance nengu-71 eCanada.

Nikela ngegazi, ngani?

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umnikelo wegazi uhlelwe kanjani, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi igazi lisetshenziselwani. Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi unyaka nonyaka, iziguli ezingama-500 zaseFrance ziyampontshelwa kanti iziguli ezingama-000 zisebenzisa imishanguzo ethathwe egazini. ECanada, umzuzu nomzuzu othile udinga igazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyokwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa. Ukwazi ukuthi ngomnikelo owodwa singonga izimpilo ezifika kwezintathu¹, ukunikela ngegazi kufanele kube yinto ezwakalayo futhi kwenze ukuthi kube lula ukwelapha nokusiza iziguli eziningi ngokwengeziwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelapha iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abathintekayo yizifo zegazi (iThalassemia, i-sickle cell disease), ukusha okukhulu noma ukusindisa abantu abaphethwe ukopha, igazi lisetshenziswa kaningi futhi lizohlala lisetshenziswa ngokusemandleni alo. Kepha izidingo azihlangatshezwa futhi emazweni amaningi, yize isibalo sabanikeli sikhula², sisafuna abaxhasi bokuzithandela.

Sources : Sources : http://www.bloodservices.ca/CentreApps/Internet/UW_V502_MainEngine.nsf/page/F_Qui%20a%20besoin%20de%20sang https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Actualites/Nouvelles/Fiche.aspx?doc=les-dons-de-sang-en-hausse-dans-le-monde