Ingabe ube nenkinga? Ngokuqinisekile abaningi bazozwelana nawe. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuzoba khona abazokwengeza ngokuthi bekungeke kwenzeke lutho ukube ubusekhaya kusihlwa. Isimo sengqondo ngezisulu zokudlwengulwa sibucayi kakhulu. Mini? Ukulungisa? Ngokusobala - «ucasukile». Kungani abanye bethambekele ekusoleni isisulu ubugebengu?
Kungani abanye bethu bethambekele ekwahluleleni labo abasenkingeni, futhi singakushintsha kanjani lokho?
Konke kumayelana nesethi ekhethekile yezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Lapho ukwethembeka, ukulalela nobumsulwa kubaluleke kakhulu kithi, sizosheshe sicabange ukuthi isisulu ngokwaso sinecala ngezinkinga zaso. Ngokuphikisana nabo kukhona ukukhathazeka ngomakhelwane kanye nobulungiswa - abasekeli balezi zindinganiso bakhululekile emibonweni yabo.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zase-Harvard University (USA) u-Laura Niemi no-Liane Young1 banikeze izigaba zabo zamanani ayisisekelo:
ukwenza umuntu ngamunye, okungukuthi, ngokusekelwe kumgomo wobulungiswa nokukhathalela umuntu ngamunye;
ababophezelayo, okungukuthi, ukukhombisa ukuhlangana kweqembu noma isibongo esithile.
Lawa manani awakhipheli ngaphandle futhi ahlanganiswa kithi ngezilinganiso ezihlukene. Nokho, yimuphi kubo esimkhethayo ongasho okuningi ngathi. Isibonelo, uma siziveza ngokwengeziwe ngezimiso "zokwenza umuntu ngamunye", kulapho maningi amathuba okuba sibe ngabasekeli bokuthambekela kwenqubekela phambili kwezombusazwe. Nakuba amanani "okubophayo" ethandwa kakhulu kuma-conservatives.
Lapho ukwethembeka, ukulalela nobumsulwa kubaluleke kakhulu kithi, sizosheshe sicabange ukuthi isisulu ngokwaso sinecala ngezinkinga zaso.
Abalandeli bezindinganiso "zokuzihlukanisa" ngokuvamile bacabangela inketho ethi «isisulu kanye nomenzi wobubi»: isisulu sahlupheka, umenzi wobubi wamlimaza. Abavikeli bezindinganiso ze-«fastening», okokuqala, qaphela lokho okwandulelayo - ukuthi "ukuziphatha okubi" kangakanani futhi kusola isisulu. Futhi ngisho noma isisulu singabonakali, njengasendabeni yesenzo sokushisa ifulege, leli qembu labantu libonakala kakhulu ngesifiso sokuziphindiselela ngokushesha nokuphindiselela. Isibonelo esigqamayo esokubulalana kwenhlonipho, okusaqhubeka kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNdiya.
Ekuqaleni, uLaura Niemi noLiana Young banikezwe izincazelo ezimfushane zezisulu zobugebengu obuhlukahlukene. — udlwengulwe, unukubezwe, ugwazwe futhi waklinywa. Futhi babuza ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni ukuthi babheka kangakanani izisulu "ezilimele" noma "zinecala."
Ngokubikezelwa, cishe bonke ababambiqhaza ocwaningweni kungenzeka kakhulu babheke izisulu zobugebengu bocansi njengabanecala. Kodwa, okwamangaza ososayensi ngokwabo, abantu abanezindinganiso eziqinile "ezibophezelayo" babevame ukukholelwa ukuthi ngokuvamile zonke izisulu zinecala - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi icala elenziwa kubo.. Ukwengeza, lapho ababambiqhaza balolu cwaningo bekholelwa kakhulu ukuthi isisulu sinecala, kwaba yilapho bembona njengesisulu.
Ukugxila kumenzi wobubi, ngokuxakayo, kunciphisa isidingo sokusola isisulu.
Kolunye ucwaningo, abaphendulile banikezwe izincazelo zamacala athile okudlwengula nawokugebenga. Babebhekene nomsebenzi wokuhlola ukuthi isisulu kanye nomenzi wobugebengu banesibopho esingakanani ngomphumela wobugebengu nokuthi izenzo zomunye nomunye wabo zingaba nomthelela ongakanani kubo. Uma abantu bekholelwa ezimisweni “ezibophayo,” babekholelwa kakhulu ukuthi yisisulu esinquma ukuthi isimo sasizokwenzeka kanjani. The «individualists» babe nemibono ephikisanayo.
Kodwa ingabe zikhona izindlela zokushintsha umbono wabenzi bobubi nezisulu? Ocwaningweni lwazo lwakamuva, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zihlole ukuthi ukuguqula ukugxilisa ingqondo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe kuye kumenzi wobubi emagameni ezincazelo zobugebengu kungaba nomthelela kanjani ekuhlolweni kwaso kokuziphatha.
Imisho echaza izehlakalo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi isebenzise isisulu (“uLisa wadlwengulwa uDan”) noma umenzi wobubi (“uDan wadlwengula uLisa”) njengesihloko. Abasekeli bezindinganiso "zokubopha" basole izisulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugcizelelwa kokuhlupheka kwabampofu kwaba nomthelela ekulahlweni kwakhe. Kodwa ukunakwa okukhethekile kwesigebengu, ngokuxakayo, kwanciphisa isidingo sokusola isisulu.
Isifiso sokusola isisulu sisekelwe ezimisweni zethu ezibalulekile. Ngenhlanhla, kuyavunywa ukulungiswa ngenxa yezinguquko kumagama asemthethweni afanayo. Ukususa ukugxila kulowo ohlukunyeziwe (“Oh, bandla, yini adlule kukho ...”) kumenzi wobubi (“Ubani owamnika ilungelo lokuphoqa owesifazane ukuba aye ocansini?”) Angasiza ngokujulile ubulungisa, afingqe u-Laura Niemi kanye Liane Yang.
1 L. Niemi, L. Young. «Kunini Futhi Kungani Sibona Izisulu Njengezibophezele Umthelela Wemibono Ngezimo Zengqondo Ezibhekiswe Kulabo Abahlukunyeziwe», Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, June 2016.