I-truffle emnyama (i-Tuber melanosporum) isithombe nencazelo

I-truffle emnyama (i-Tuber melanosporum)

• I-truffle yesiFulentshi emnyama
• I-Perigord truffle (ivela endaweni yomlando yasePerigord eFrance)
• I-truffle ye-french emnyama yangempela

I-Truffle emnyama, (lat. i-tuber melanosporum or i-tuber nigrum) iyikhowe lohlobo lweTruffle (lat. Tuber) lomndeni wakwaTruffle (lat. Tuberaceae).

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amathathu zama-truffles, eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela zazo ezithokozisayo ngokombono wokupheka. Okumnandi kakhulu I-Perigord truffle emnyama I-Tuber melanosporum. Naphezu kwenkomba eqondile yendawo yokuhlala egameni, lolu hlobo lusakazwa hhayi kuphela ePerigord, kodwa futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance, kanye ne-Italy neSpain. Sekuyisikhathi eside kukholakala ukuthi ama-truffles awalutho ngaphandle kokukhula ezimpandeni zezihlahla, kodwa empeleni angamakhowe e-marsupial anezici ezimbili eziphawulekayo. Okokuqala, i-truffle ikhula ngaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-5-30, okwenza kube nzima ukuyithola. Okwesibili, lesi sikhunta singaphila kuphela enhlabathini empofu ye-calcareous futhi kuphela ngokubambisana nezihlahla, futhi ekukhetheni "umlingani wokuphila" i-truffle ikhetha kakhulu futhi ikhetha ukubambisana ikakhulukazi ne-oki ne-hazel. Lesi sitshalo sinikeza ukhunta izakhi ezidingekayo, futhi i-mycelium ivala ngokoqobo izimpande zomuthi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla abo okumunca usawoti wamaminerali namanzi, futhi ivikela izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaso leso sikhathi, zonke ezinye izimila ezizungeze isihlahla ziyafa, kwakheka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “umbuthano womthakathi,” okubonisa ukuthi le ndawo ingeyamakhowe.

Akekho oke wabona ukuthi zikhula kanjani. Ngisho nalabo abawaqoqa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngoba yonke impilo ye-truffle yenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba futhi incike ngokuphelele ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni, izimpande zazo eziba abondli bangempela balawa makhowe, zihlanganyela nazo izinqolobane zama-carbohydrate. Yiqiniso, ukubiza ama-truffles ngama-freeloaders kuzoba okungalungile. I-web of filaments ye-mycelium ye-fungus, emboza izimpande zesitshalo esiphethe, isiza ekukhipheni umswakama owengeziwe futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezincane, njenge-phytophthora.

I-truffle emnyama iyi-tuber emnyama, cishe emnyama; inyama yayo ilula ekuqaleni, bese iba mnyama (kumbala onsomi-omnyama onemicu emhlophe).

Umzimba wesithelo ungaphansi komhlaba, u-tuberous, uyindilinga noma awujwayelekile, u-3-9 cm ububanzi. Ingaphezulu linombala obomvu-nsundu, kamuva libe mnyama-malahle, liphenduka libe qhwa lapho licindezelwa. Imbozwe ngokungahambi kahle okuningi okuncane okunezici ezingama-4-6.

Inyama iqinile, ekuqaleni ilula, impunga noma i-pink-brown enephethini yemabula emhlophe noma ebomvu ekusikeni, iba mnyama ngezinhlamvu bese iba nsundu omnyama ukuya ku-violet ngokukhula, imithambo ekhona isala. Inephunga eliqinile lesici kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okunombala obabayo.

Impushana ye-spore insundu ngokumnyama, izinhlamvu ezingama-35×25 µm, i-fusiform noma i-oval, igobile.

I-Mycorrhiza yakheka nge-oki, kancane kancane nezinye izihlahla ezivuthulukayo. Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza anenhlabathi ene-calcareous ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ambalwa ukuya kuhhafu wemitha. Kuvame kakhulu eFrance, enkabeni ye-Italy naseSpain. E-France, okutholwe ama-truffles amnyama ayaziwa kuzo zonke izifunda, kodwa izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhula ziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe (iminyango yaseDordogne, iLoti, Gironde), enye indawo yokukhula isemnyangweni oseningizimu-mpumalanga yeVaucluse.

Kutshalwa eChina.

Iphunga elinamandla le-truffle emnyama liheha izingulube ze-feral, ezimba imizimba yezithelo futhi zikhuthaze ukusabalala kwezinhlamvu. Ema-truffles, kuvela izibungu zezimpukane ezibomvu, izinambuzane ezindala zivame ukugcwala ngaphezu komhlabathi, lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukucinga imizimba yezithelo.

Isizini: kusukela ekuqaleni kukaDisemba kuya ku-March 15, iqoqo livame ukwenziwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zonyaka.

Ngokuvamile ama-truffles amnyama avunwa ngosizo lwezingulube eziqeqeshiwe, kodwa njengoba lezi zilwane zibhubhisa inhlabathi yasehlathini, izinja nazo ziye zaqeqeshelwa le njongo.

Kuma-gourmets, iphunga elinamandla lawa makhowe libaluleke kakhulu. Abanye baphawula umswakama wehlathi kanye nomkhondo omncane wotshwala ngephunga lama-truffles amnyama, abanye - umthunzi wetshokolethi.

Ama-truffles amnyama kulula ukuwathola - "i-mycelium" yawo ibhubhisa izitshalo eziningi ezizungezile. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokukhula kwama-truffles amnyama kulula ukuyibona ngokuphelele kwezimpawu.