I-Biofeedback ibhekisela kumasu amaningana asekelwe esilinganisweni semisebenzi ephilayo, umgomo uwukufunda ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani ukuze uthuthukise impilo yomuntu. Kuleli phepha, uzothola le ndlela ngokuningiliziwe, izimiso zayo, umlando wayo, izinzuzo zayo eziningi, ukuthi iseshini yenzeka kanjani, indlela yokuzijwayeza i-biofeedback futhi ekugcineni, yiziphi izingqinamba.

I-Biofeedback (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-biofeedback noma i-biofeedback) iwukusetshenziswa kwe-psychophysiology, isiyalo esicwaninga izixhumanisi phakathi komsebenzi wobuchopho nemisebenzi yomzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, isayensi yokusebenzisana "nomqondo womzimba".

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi ze-psychophysiologists zinesithakazelo endleleni imizwa nemicabango ethinta ngayo umzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bafunda ukuthi ukuqaphela nokushintshashintsha kokuzithandela kwemisebenzi yomzimba (isb. ukushaya kwenhliziyo) kungaba nomthelela kanjani kwezinye izinto (isib. umfutho wegazi) kanye nokuziphatha okuhlukahlukene kanye nezimo zengqondo.

Injongo ilula futhi ingaguquki: ukunikeza isiguli ukulawula umzimba waso siqu, kuhlanganise nalokho okuthiwa imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe noma kwelaphe uchungechunge lwezinkinga zempilo.

Izimiso eziyinhloko

I-Biofeedback ayikona ukwelapha okukhuluma ngokuqinile. Kunalokho, kuyindlela yokungenelela ekhethekile. Ihlukile kwezinye izindlela zokuzilawula ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi (elekhthronikhi noma ikhompuyutha) njengamathuluzi okufunda (noma okuvuselela). Lawa madivayisi athwebula futhi akhulise ulwazi oludluliselwa umzimba (izinga lokushisa lomzimba, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, umsebenzi wemisipha, amaza obuchopho, njll.) futhi liwahumushele kumasiginali azwakalayo noma abonakalayo. Isibonelo, sibiza i-neurofeedback inqubo ye-biofeedback eyenza amaza obuchopho "abonakale". Futhi omunye ubiza i-biofeedback nge-electromyography (EMG) lokho okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ngendlela eyisithombe imisinga kagesi ehambisana nomsebenzi wemisipha. Njengofakazi balezi zimpawu, isiguli siyakwazi ukuhlukanisa imiyalezo yomzimba waso. Ngosizo lomelaphi, angakwazi-ke ukufunda ukulungisa ukusabela kwakhe komzimba. Ngolunye usuku noma olunye, uzokwazi ukuphinda isipiliyoni eyedwa, ngaphandle kwehhovisi.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluningi lufakazela izinzuzo zalokhu kwelashwa. Ngakho-ke i-Biofeedback iphumelela kakhulu ku:

Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda (i-migraines kanye nokucindezeleka kwekhanda)

Ucwaningo oluningi olushicilelwe luphetha ngokuthi i-biofeedback iyasebenza ekudambiseni lezi zinhlobo zezimo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhambisana nokuphumula, kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kokuziphatha noma yedwa, imiphumela yocwaningo oluningi ibonisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kuneqembu lokulawula, noma okulingana nemithi. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside iyanelisa ngokulinganayo, kanti ezinye izifundo ngezinye izikhathi zihamba zize zibonise ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kugcinwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 ku-91% weziguli ezine-migraines. Amasu e-biofeedback asetshenziswa kakhulu yilawo acabangela ukungezwani kwemisipha (ikhanda, intamo, amahlombe), umsebenzi we-electrodermal (impendulo yezindlala zokujuluka) noma izinga lokushisa le-peripheral.

Yelapha ukungakwazi ukuchama kwabesifazane

Ngokwezifundo eziningana, ukuzivocavoca okuhloswe ukuqinisa i-pelvic floor usebenzisa i-biofeedback kungasiza ekunciphiseni izikhathi zokucindezeleka (ukulahlekelwa umchamo ngokuzenzekelayo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, isibonelo lapho uvivinya umzimba noma ukhwehlela ). Ngokuqondene ne-incontinence (ukulahlekelwa umchamo ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa isidingo sokuphuma), izivivinyo ezihloselwe ukwandisa umthamo wokugcina esinyeni usebenzisa i-biofeedback nakho kuholela ekunciphiseni. . Ngokwamanye ama-synthesis, abesifazane abanolwazi oluncane noma abangenalo nhlobo indlela efanele yokunciphisa imisipha ye-pelvic bazozuza kakhulu kule nqubo (bheka ishidi lethu lokunganqamuki komchamo).

Yelapha izimpawu ezihlobene nokuqunjelwa ezinganeni

Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zesayensi ezanyatheliswa ngo-2004 kwaphetha ngokuthi i-biofeedback ingasebenza ezimweni eziningi zokuqunjelwa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kwezingane ezingu-43 kwabonisa ukuphakama kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile okuhlangene ne-biofeedback. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ze-7, ukuxazululwa kwezimpawu kuthinte i-55% yezingane eqenjini lokuhlola, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-5% yeqembu lokulawula; futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12, 50% kanye 16% ngokulandelana. Mayelana nokujwayelekile kokunyakaza kokuzikhulula, izinga lifinyelele ku-77% liqhathaniswa no-13% ngokulandelana.

Yelapha ukuqunjelwa okungapheli kubantu abadala

Ngo-2009, ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwaphetha ngokuthi i-biofeedback ekwelapheni ukuqunjelwa yayiphakeme kunokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuthatha i-laxative, i-placebo noma umjovo we-botox.

Yehlisa izimpawu ze-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthuthuka okubalulekile ezimpawini eziyinhloko ze-ADHD (ukunganaki, ukushuba ngokweqile kanye nokuthatheka) kanye nasezivivinyweni zobuhlakani ezijwayelekile. Ukuqhathanisa okwenziwe ngomuthi osebenzayo njenge-Ritalin (methylphenidate noma i-dextroamphetamine) kugcizelela ukulingana futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuphakama kwe-EEG biofeedback phezu kwalokhu kwelashwa okuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali basikisela ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-biofeedback nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokwelashwa.

Yelapha i-fecal incontinence

I-Biofeedback ibonakala iphephile, ithengeka kakhulu, futhi isebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni lolu hlobo lwenkinga. Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zesayensi kuveza ukuthi kuyindlela yokuzikhethela esetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 emhlabeni wezokwelapha. Ngokuya ngamapharamitha angokomzimba, izinzuzo ezivame ukubikwa kakhulu ukuzwa kwe-rectal yokugcwalisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla nokuxhumana kwama-sphincters. Iningi lama-athikili ashicilelwe liphetha ngokukhululeka okuphelele noma ukwehla okungama-75% kuya ku-90% ezikhathini zokungakwazi ukuzithiba. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo luye lwembula ukuthi i-biodfeedback ingaba usizo ekwehliseni ukuqwasha, ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezihlobene ne-fribromyalgia, ekwelapheni ukungasebenzi kahle komchamo ezinganeni, ekusizeni ukulawula isifuba somoya, ukukhulula izinhlungu, ukwehlisa isithuthwane, ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki ngenxa ukusebenza isikhathi eside kukhompuyutha, ukwelapha i-cardiac arrhythmia noma ukudambisa izinhlungu ezigulini ezinomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu.

I-Biofeedback iwuhlelo oluvame ukuba yingxenye yokwelashwa okuphelele, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha noma ukuvuselelwa kwe-physiotherapeutic. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namanye amasu anjengokuphumula kanye nokuzivocavoca okujwayelwe.

Uchwepheshe

Ochwepheshe kuphela kwezempilo, ezengqondo nesayensi yezenhlalo ethile (isibonelo, isiqondiso) abaneziqu zasenyuvesi noma ezilinganayo abangafinyelela lobu buchwepheshe.

Inkambo yeseshini

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelapha, iseshini ye-biofeedback inezimo ezimbalwa eziqhubekayo: yenzeka endaweni ezolile nenokuthula; ngezinye izikhathi kudlalwa umculo opholile; isiguli sihlezi ngokunethezeka, noma silele phansi, futhi sigxile kuzimpawu zokuzwa noma ezibukwayo ezidluliswa umqaphi osuka kuzinzwa ezibekwe ezindaweni ezinengqondo emzimbeni waso (futhi, kuye ngesifunda somzimba okufanele zelashwe kanye nohlobo 'lwedivayisi. ). Udokotela usebenza njengomhlahlandlela. Kusiza isiguli ukuba siqaphele ukusabela kwaso okungokomzimba (ukushuba kwesinzwa, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukumelana nemisipha, njll.) ngokuvumelana nedatha edluliselwa kuye ngomshini. Unikeza ulwazi nesikhuthazo futhi usiza isiguli ukuba sisebenzise amakhono aso amasha nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke ekuphileni kwaso okuvamile, isiguli kufanele sikwazi ukwenza okuthile emzimbeni waso, okungukuthi ukuguqula ukusabela kwaso noma ukuziphatha kwaso ngaphandle kosizo lwamadivayisi. Ekupheleni kweseshini ye-biofeedback, ngokuvamile uzizwa unamandla okulawula umzimba wakho. Qaphela ukuthi i-biofeedback ihloselwe iziguli ezigqugquzelekile neziphikelelayo. Ngempela, uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, akuvamile ukuthi izikhathi ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-40 zehora elingu-1 zibalwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela eyanelisayo, futhi ikakhulukazi imiphumela ehlala njalo.

Yiba ngumsebenzi we-Biofeedback

E-United States, i-Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA), eyasungulwa ngo-1981, yengamela umkhuba we-biofeedback. Inhlangano isungule isethi yamazinga ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe okufanele babambelele kuwo, futhi inikeza izifundo ezimbalwa zokuqeqesha ze-biofeedback kulo lonke elase-United States.

E-Quebec, asikho isikole esinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okugunyazwe yi-BCIA. EYurophu ekhuluma isiFulentshi, indlela yokusebenza nayo ayinalutho, ngisho noma kukhona iqembu lesizwe e-France elibizwa ngokuthi i-Association pour l'Enseignement du Biofeedback Therapeutique (bona Amasayithi Okuthakaselayo).

Contraindications of Biofeedback

I-Biofeedback ayinconyelwe abantu abane-pacemaker, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abanesifo sokuwa.

Igama elithi biofeedback laqanjwa ngo-1969, kodwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala ngemuva kwalolu hlelo kwaqala eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambili.

Phakathi nokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa i-electroencephalographs (idivayisi ethwebula amaza obuchopho), abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ababambiqhaza bakwazi ukukhiqiza amaza e-alpha ebuchosheni babo ngokwabo, futhi ngenxa yalokho bazicwilise esimweni ngokuthanda kwabo. yokuphumula okujulile. Umgomo wawuzobe usuvivinywa, bese usetshenziswa kweminye imikhakha ye-physiology yomuntu, bese kulandelwa ubuchwepheshe. Manje kunezinhlobo eziningana zamadivayisi, ngayinye yakhelwe ukukala impendulo eyodwa noma enye yezinto eziphilayo ezihlobene nezinkinga nezifo.

Namuhla, i-biofeedback ayisagcini izisebenzi zezokwelapha ezihlukile kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Ochwepheshe abaningana bezempilo, abafana nama-physiotherapists, abeluleki beziqondiso kanye nochwepheshe bemithi yezemidlalo bafake le nqubo ekusebenzeni kwabo.