Inkaba, ebuye yaziwe ngegama elithi umbilicus (kusuka kuLatin umbilicus), yisibazi esishiywa ukuwa kwenkaba, ezingeni lengezansi kwesisu.

Ukwakheka kwenkaba. Inkaba, noma umbilicus, yisibazi esinemicu esibonakala ngokulandela ukuwa kwenkaba, isitho esixhumanisa i-placenta kamama okhulelwe nombungu bese kuya embungwini.

Isakhiwo somugqa omhlophe wesisu. Isakhiwo esine-fibrous, umugqa omhlophe uhambelana nomugqa ophakathi wesisu, owakhiwe ikakhulukazi yinkaba.

Indawo yokushintshanisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umthambo wenza kube nokwenzeka ikakhulukazi ukuthi unikeze umntwana ongakazalwa umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba kanye nokukhipha imfucuza ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wengane.

Ukwakheka kwenkaba ngesikhathi sokuwa kwenkaba. Ekuzalweni, inkaba, engasadingeki kumntwana, iyasikwa. Amasentimitha ambalwa enkaba ahlala enamathele enganeni izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuba ixege futhi yome (1). Isimo sokuphulukisa siqala futhi siveze ukwakheka kwenkaba.

I-hernia eyi-umbilical. Kuthatha isimo sesigaxa enkabeni futhi kwakheka ukuphuma kwengxenye yokuqukethwe kwesisu (amathumbu, amanoni, njll) ngenkaba (2).

• Ezinganeni, kuvame ukuvela ezinyangeni zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Imvamisa ayilungile futhi igcina ngokuvaleka ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Kubantu abadala, kuhlotshaniswa nobuthakathaka bezicubu zomugqa omhlophe, izimbangela zazo ezingaba ikakhulukazi ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukukhuluphala noma ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo. Kuyadingeka ukuyelapha ukuze ugweme ukuklinywa kwamathumbu.

I-Laparoschisis ne-omphalocele. Lezi zinkinga ezimbili ezingavamile zokuzalwa3,4 zibonakaliswa ngokuvalwa okungaphelele noma ukungabikho kodonga lwesisu, ngokulandelana. Badinga ukwelashwa kusukela ekuzalweni (5).

I-Omphalite. Ihambisana nokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwenkaba okubangelwa ukungabulawa kahle kwamagciwane endaweni yenkaba ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa (5).

I-Intertrigo. Lesi simo sesikhumba senzeka esikhunjeni sesikhumba (amakhwapha, inkaba, phakathi kweminwe nezinzwane, njll.).

Ubuhlungu besisu namajaqamba. Ngokuvamile, bangaba nezimbangela ezahlukene. Endaweni yenkaba, zivame ukuhlotshaniswa namathumbu futhi kancane kancane nesisu noma ama-pancreas.

I-Appendicitis. Ibonakala njengobuhlungu obunzima eduze kwenkaba futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo, ukukhula okuncane emathunjini amakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwesikhumba kwendawo. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya noma isikhunta, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antiseptic noma amafutha e-antifungal kuyodingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngokuya ngezimbangela zobuhlungu besisu kanye namajaqamba, ama-antispasmodics noma ama-laxatives angabekwa. Ukwelapha ngamakhambi noma i-homeopathic nakho kungasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Endabeni ye-hernia ye-umbilical kubantu abadala, i-appendicitis, ukukhubazeka okungathi sína kokubeletha ezinganeni, kuzohlinzwa. Endabeni ye-hernias enkulu kakhulu, i-omphalectomy (ukususwa kwe-olombic acid) kungenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ubuhlungu benkaba buqale buhlolwe ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging. I-CT scan yesisu, i-parietal ultrasound, noma i-MRI ingasetshenziswa ukuqedela ukuxilongwa.

I-Laparoscopy. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwensimbi (i-laporoscope), ehlanganiswe nomthombo wokukhanya, ngembobo encane eyenziwe ngaphansi kwenkaba. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi lesisu.

Ukubheka inkaba. Inkaba ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-egocentricity njengesibonelo ezinkulumweni "ukubheka inkaba" (6) noma "ukuba inkaba yomhlaba" (7).