I-Ataxia - iyini, yiziphi izindlela zayo futhi yelashwa kanjani?

Okuqukethwe okuqinisekisiwe

Isinyathelo esintengayo, izinkinga zokulondoloza ibhalansi noma inkulumo engacacile zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwenza ngemva kokuphuza utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Eqinisweni, lezi zimpawu zingase zibe uphawu lwesifo esibi njenge-ataxia. Ingqikithi yayo iwukusebenzelana okungalungile kwemisipha, ubunzima ekugcineni ibhalansi nokuxhumana kwezimoto, kanye nezinkinga ngenkulumo ecacile nokubona okulungile. Iyini i-ataxia? Yini engayibangela nendlela yokuyibona?

Iyini i-ataxia?

I-Ataxia, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukungahambisani, iqanjwe igama elivela olimini lwesiGreki elisho “ngaphandle kokuhleleka”. I-Ataxia iwukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-locomotor ngenxa yokulimala kwezakhiwo ezibhekene nokuxhumana kwezimoto.

I-Ataxia idala izinkinga ekugcineni ibhalansi kanye nokwenza ukunyakaza ngokushelela nangokunembile. Ukuxhumana kokunyakaza kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwesimiso sezinzwa futhi ukulimala kunoma yiziphi izici zayo kungase kuholele ku-ataxia. Isici esivame kakhulu esinomthelela ekubukeni kwe-ataxia ukulimala komgogodla noma i-cerebellum.

Intambo yomgogodla idlulisela ulwazi kusuka kuma-receptors atholakala emisipha kuya ku-cerebellum. Yenzelwe ukulawula ukusebenza kwamaqembu emisipha ahlukahlukene. Ukulimala kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo kubangela i-ataxia, bese ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha kuphazamiseka, kodwa hhayi amandla abo. I-Ataxia yisifo esingaphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kweziguli. Imisebenzi elula efana nokubamba izinto, ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma kuvele kungenzeki futhi kube kukhulu inselele kumuntu one-ataxia.

Uma ufuna ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amakhono amahle emoto futhi ufunde ngezinkinga zawo, bheka: Amakhono amahle emoto - izici, ukuphazamiseka nokuthuthukiswa kokuzivocavoca

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-ataxia?

I-Ataxia njengophawu lwemizwa ingaba nezimbangela eziningi. Amaqembu emisipha angasebenza kahle ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zesimiso sezinzwa. Ukulimala kwesinye sezakhi kungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni okufanele nokubukeka kwe-ataxia. Ukuqala kwe-ataxia kuwumphumela wokulimala kobuchopho, umgogodla, noma izinzwa, kodwa imbangela evame kakhulu ukulimala kwe-cerebellum.

Izizathu ataxia cerebellar ikakhulukazi:

1. isimila se-cerebellar noma i-metastasis kwesinye isitho esinjenge-medulloblastoma, i-astrocytoma ne-hemangioma;
2. ukulimala kwemithambo ku-cerebellum, okungukuthi, unhlangothi;
3. isifo se-thyroid - hypothyroidism;
4. ukuvuvukala kwegciwane kanye nezifo ze-cerebellum, isibonelo: i-HIV;
5. i-multiple sclerosis, isifo sokuwohloka kwesimiso sezinzwa;
6. isifo se-celiac;
7. i-subacute sclerosing encephalitis yesimungumungwane;
8. Isifo sikaWilson, esinqunywa ngokofuzo, futhi imbangela yaso wukuguquka kofuzo lwe-ATP7B. Lesi sifo sibangela ukufakwa kwethusi kwe-pathological emzimbeni;
9. umonakalo onobuthi ku-cerebellum ngenxa yokuphuza utshwala obuningi, izidakamizwa noma imithi ethile, noma ubuthi be-carbon dioxide;
10. ukuntuleka kwevithamini E, amavithamini B1 no-B12 emzimbeni.

Uma kwenzeka kuba i-sensory ataxia izizathu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. ukulimala komgogodla ngenxa yokuwohloka komgogodla noma uma kwenzeka ukulimala komshini;
2. ukulimala kwe-ganglia yezinzwa ngenxa yesifo somdlavuza
3. I-Guillain-Barry syndrome - izifo ezihlobene nokuzivikela ezithinta izinzwa ze-peripheral;
4. izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, isb i-hypoglycaemia, ngenxa yalokho izinzwa zonakaliswa, okuthiwa yi-diabetesic neuropathy;
5. ukulimala kwezinzwa okubangelwa ukwelashwa nge-vincristine esetshenziswa ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali noma isidakamizwa esilwa nesifo sofuba i-isoniazid;
6. ubuthi bensimbi esindayo;
7. i-multiple sclerosis.

Ifinyeza konke izinkinga ezibangela i-ataxia, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:

1. izifo ze-neurodegenerative kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa;
2. izimbangela zokuzalwalokho kungase kube ufuzo noma ifa
3. izifo ze-metabolic njenge, ngokwesibonelo, i-hypoglycemia. 

Uyazi ukuthi yini i-spinal muscular atrophy? Kufanele kwenziwe nini ukuhlolwa okufanele? Hlola: Ukuhlolwa kwe-SMA. Thola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-spinal muscular atrophy

Izinhlobo ze-ataxia

Esinye sezigaba ze-ataxia kungenxa yembangela yayo. Sigqamisa lapha i-cerebellar ataxia kanye ne-sensory ataxia.

Esokuqala sihlobene nokulimala kwe-cerebellum, eyingxenye ye-hindbrain. I-cerebellum inesibopho sokulawula amakhono omzimba omzimba futhi inesibopho sokulunga, ukunemba kanye nobude besikhathi sokunyakaza. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-cerebellum, amaqembu emisipha alawulwa futhi ukunyakaza okuhlosiwe kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-ataxia, noma izinzwa, lubangelwa ukuphazanyiswa kwezindlela eziqhuba ukuzwa okujulile noma ngokulimala kwezintambo ezingemuva zomgogodla. Umuzwa ojulile unesibopho sokwazisa mayelana nesimo somzimba wethu, kuyilapho izintambo zangemuva zinesibopho somuzwa wokubandlulula ohlanganisa ikhono lokuhlukanisa izisusa ezimbili ezisebenza emizimbeni yethu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngenxa yezinto ezintathu eziyisisekelo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yiziphi uhlobo lwe-ataxia sisebenzelana. Eyokuqala i-nystagmus, okuwukunyakaza okungahleliwe nokunesigqi kwezinhlamvu zamehlo. Lesi sibonakaliso siyisici se-cerebellar ataxia.

Esinye isici ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wokukhuluma, okungenzeki esimweni se-sensory ataxia, kodwa kuwuphawu lwesici se-cerebellar ataxia.

Isici sokugcina umqondo wokumisa umzimba wakho siqu, okungukuthi ukuzwa okujulile, ukuphazamiseka okuwuphawu lwe-ataxia yezinzwa futhi akwenzeki esimweni se-cerebellar ataxia.

Okunye ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ataxia kukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili - ezizalwa nazo futhi ezizuziwe. I-Congenital ataxia ihlobene nomthwalo wofuzo. Enye yazo i-heredoataxia, engenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Endabeni yezakhi zofuzo ezivelele, i-spinocerebellar ataxia kanye ne-episodic ataxia zizuzwa njengefa. Ngokuphambene, izakhi zofuzo eziphindaphindekayo zinomthwalo wemfanelo I-ataxia kaFriedreich.

I-Friedreich's ataxia yisifo sofuzo esilimaza isimiso sezinzwa kanye nemisipha yenhliziyo. Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zivele ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20 futhi ekuqaleni zibonakala nge-gait ataxia, okungukuthi ubunzima nokuqala sekwephuzile ukuhamba ezinganeni, futhi kamuva, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo singahlotshaniswa ne-optic atrophy kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, futhi impilo yesiguli ngokuvamile ayigcinwa ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-ataxia uhlobo 1 spinocerebellar ataxia. Ukuvela kwayo kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwe-ATXN1, oluqukethe imiyalelo yokudala i-ataxin-1. I-Cerebellar ataxia izibonakalisa njengenkinga ekugcineni ibhalansi, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba okungaqinile, ubunzima bokugcina ukuma okuqondile komzimba, ukunyakaza kwekhanda okunesigqi. Njengomphumela wokuqhubeka kwesifo, kungase kube nokuphumula okuphelele kwemisipha, i-dysynergy, okungukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamanzi, i-dysmetria - ukungakwazi ukuma noma nini, ukuthuthumela kwamalungu, ukuvinjelwa kwemisipha okubuhlungu, izinkinga zamehlo kanye ne-nystagmus.

Uhlobo lokugcina lwe-ataxia yi i-ataxia telangiectasia, okungukuthi i-Louis-Bar syndrome. Lesi sifo siwufuzo, sincike ezakhini zofuzo eziphindaphindayo futhi sikhula ebuntwaneni. Uphawu lwakudala lwe-telangiectasia ataxia ukungalingani, ukunwebeka kwezindlebe kanye ne-conjunctiva, i-nystagmus, inkulumo engacacile, ukubambezeleka kokuthomba, kanye nokutheleleka kwepheshana lokuphefumula njalo. Ukuze kutholakale lolu hlobo lwe-ataxia, ukuhlolwa kwe-AFO (Alpha-fetoprotein) kwenziwa noma ukuziphatha kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngenxa ye-X-ray.

Yini okufanele ukwazi mayelana nokuvuthwa okufanele? Hlola: I-physiology yokuthomba

Ibonakaliswa kanjani i-ataxia?

Hlola i-ataxia ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ngoba esigabeni sokuqala akuvusi ukukhathazeka kumuntu ogulayo futhi kudidaniswe nokungahambi kahle ekuhambeni. Ngokuvamile, ukuvakashela udokotela kuvumela ukuxilongwa kwe-ataxia kanye nokuqwashisa kwesiguli ngenkinga emthinte. Nakuba izimpawu ze-ataxia zingelula ukuzibona, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, kufanelekile ukufunda ngezimpawu zakudala ezingase ziqaphele ukuqapha kwethu.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala esibonakala ekuqaleni ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba. Lokhu kuvame ukuzibonakalisa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhamba kwetilosi, okungukuthi ukuhamba endaweni ebanzi ngenxa yesikhala esibanzi semilenze. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-gait kungabuye kuboniswe ngokungakwazi ukuhamba ngomugqa oqondile noma ukuwa ohlangothini olulodwa.

Olunye uphawu ubunzima ekwenzeni ukunyakaza kushintshana okusheshayo, okuthiwa kuhlehlisiwe chokineza. Isibonelo, ubunzima bokushaya idolo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesandla ngokushintshana.

Abantu abane-ataxia bavame ukuba nezinkinga ngenkulumo ecacile, okuthiwa i-dysarthria kanye nezwi elingalungile, banezinkinga ngemisindo yokukhuluma namagama.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ziba nezinkinga zamehlo njenge-nystagmus, okungukuthi ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungahleliwe nokungalawuleki kanye nokuphazamiseka kokubona.

Olunye uphawu oluvumela udokotela ukuthi abone inkinga ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-cerebellum yi-dysmetry, ehlotshaniswa nokuhlolwa okungalungile kwebanga ngesiguli. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umuntu uba nobunzima bokuthinta ikhala ngomunwe wokukhomba kuyilapho amehlo evaliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Abantu abane-ataxia baba nobunzima ekwenzeni umnyakazo oqondile, futhi bavame ukuba ne-hypotension, okungukuthi ukuncipha kokuqina kwemisipha nokuqina. Iziguli ezine-ataxia zivame ukuba nobunzima bokubamba izinto noma izinkinobho zokubopha kanye nokuqaqa ngenxa yokwanda kokundindizela kwezandla nokunyakaza kwezandla okungahlangani, okuxakayo.

Endabeni ye-ataxia yezinzwa, isiguli singase sibe nenkinga ngokuthola izingxenye zomzimba waso, singazizwa isimo sabo nesimo sabo. I-Ataxia ingase futhi ithinte izinguquko zengqondo ezinqubweni zokucabanga futhi ithinte izinguquko ezingokomzwelo ezibangela ukungazinzi kwemizwelo.

Ingabe abafundi abanwebekayo bangaba uphawu lwesifo esibi? Funda: Abafundi abahlakazekile - izimbangela ezingase zibe khona nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe kuleli cala

Itholakala kanjani i-ataxia?

Isigaba sokuqala sokuxilongwa kwe-ataxia kuwukubheka umzimba wesiguli. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izici ezingase zibonise ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa, njengobunzima bokuhamba, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto, izinkinga zokukhuluma, izinkinga zokubamba izinto, kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ezimweni lapho izimpawu ezingenhla zikhula, kancane kancane, ungaya kudokotela wakho oyinhloko ongase akudlulisele ku-aphoyintimenti ye-neurologist ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile. Kodwa-ke, lapho izimpawu zizumayo, kuyadingeka ukushayela ngokushesha i-ambulensi noma ukuya emnyangweni ophuthumayo.

Ukuvakasha kokuqala kudokotela wezinzwa kuzoqala ngengxoxo ephelele nesiguli. Udokotela uzokubuza mayelana nokuba khona kwezimpawu ezifanayo emndenini wakho oseduze, mayelana nesikhathi sokuvela kwezimpawu, izimo zokuvela kwazo, noma izici ezizikhulisayo. Udokotela uzophinde abuze ngezinye izifo ezihambisana naso noma imithi oyiphuza nsuku zonke, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhuthazi ezifana notshwala, izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ezithinta ingqondo.

Ngemva kokuxoxisana okuphelele, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemizwa. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uthathe uhambo olude uzungeze ihhovisi lapho udokotela wakho ezohlola ukuhamba kwakho, ukuzinza, kanye ne-fluidity, noma ungase ucelwe ukuthi ubhale umbhalo omfushane noma wenze izivivinyo eziyisisekelo ezingasiza ekuxilongeni i-ataxia.

Phakathi kwalezi zivivinyo, kukhona eziyisisekelo ezi-5:

1. idolo - isithendelapho isiguli silele khona futhi sicelwa ukuba sibeke isithende saso edolweni lomunye umlenze bese usifaka phansi emgodleni we-tibial;
2. umunwe - ikhala, isiguli kumelwe sithinte ikhala laso ngomunwe wokukhomba, bese sithinta udokotela sivale amehlo;
3. ukushintshana kokuzivocavocalapho udokotela ecela isiguli ukuthi siphendule ngokushesha izandla zombili ngasikhathi sinye;
4. i-psychodiagnoza – okungukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological okuhloswe ukuhlola imisebenzi yokuphatha yesiguli;
5. i-electromyogram– okuwucwaningo lokuqhutshwa kwemizwa.

Ngemva kokuqoqa inhlolokhono nangemva kokuhlolwa kwezinzwa, kuye ngomphumela wayo, udokotela angase alawule ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuhlola okungasiza ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kuhlanganisa: ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kwegazi, umchamo, uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okufana: i-computed tomography yobuchopho (CT) noma imaging magnetic resonance yobuchopho (MRI) kanye nentambo yomgogodla. Ukuhlola okuvamile okunconywe udokotela wezinzwa lapho kusolwa i-ataxia kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kofuzo, ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological, ukuhlolwa kwe-nerve conduction, kanye ne-electromyography (ENG / EMG).

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kuvumela i-neurologist ukuthi ihlole ukuthi, esimweni sokuqinisekiswa kwe-ataxia, ivumela ukunquma uhlobo lwayo kanye nezimbangela ezingenzeka. Izimpawu ze-ataxia akufanele zithathwe kancane, njengoba zingase zibonise isifo esibi njenge-multiple sclerosis, i-cerebellar stroke.

Kubiza malini ukuhlolwa kofuzo futhi kufanele kwenziwe nini? Hlola: Ucwaningo lwezofuzo - izinzuzo, kunjalo, izindleko

Yelashwa kanjani i-ataxia?

Uma isiguli sitholakala ukuthi sine-ataxia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangele. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia kuhlanganisa ukuqeda izimbangela zalesi sifo.

Uma i-ataxia ingumphumela wokuphuza izidakamizwa noma ukufaka ushevu emzimbeni onobuthi, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuyeka ukuwathatha ukuze unciphise izimpawu ze-ataxia. Ngokufanayo, ukwelapha i-ataxia ebangelwa ukushoda kwamavithamini kanye ne-autoimmune, umdlavuza noma izifo ze-metabolic kungathuthukisa imisebenzi yomzimba futhi kunciphise izimpawu. Endabeni ye-ataxia etholiwe, ngemva kokuhlonza izimbangela zayo, ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele izimpawu zayo.

Kodwa-ke, esimweni se-ataxia yokuzalwa, ukubikezela akulona ithemba kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngokwako kungakhawulelwa emizamweni yokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpawu. Ama-Physiotherapists kanye nabelaphi benkulumo badlala indima ebalulekile lapha, kanye nokusekelwa kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, umndeni kanye nabathandekayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia kuhilela ukuvuselelwa nokusebenza nomelaphi wokukhuluma, ongathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezitho zokunyakaza, inkulumo, umbono kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yesiguli.

Ngabe ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kusebenza kanjani futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe nini? Funda: Ukwelapha ngenkulumo - nini futhi kungani kufaneleka ukuvakashela umelaphi wenkulumo

Izivivinyo zokuvuselela abantu abane-ataxia

Ekwelapheni i-ataxia, inqubo yokuvuselela ibaluleke kakhulu futhi kufanele ithuthukiswe futhi iqondiswe yi-physiotherapist. Kukhona nokuzivocavoca ongakwenza ngosizo lomuntu wesibili ekunethezekeni kwekhaya lakho.

Iqembu lokuqala lokuzivocavoca lenziwa kusetshenziswa umata wokuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca okukodwa kuhilela ukulala ngomhlane imilenze yakho igobe edolweni nezinyawo zakho phansi. Ekuqaleni, siphendukela ohlangothini, bese sincike endololwaneni, siphakamise i-pelvis nesandla esikhululekile, sibambe umoya wethu cishe imizuzwana emi-5.

Okunye ukuvivinya umzimba okukusiza ukuthi ugcine ibhalansi yakho ukunyakaza, okubandakanya ukusuka ekuthambekeni ukuya ekuguqeni kuzo zonke ezine ngenkathi welula isandla esisodwa nomlenze ophambene emuva ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kufanele uhlale kule ndawo cishe imizuzwana emi-5.

Ukuzivocavoca ukusiza ukwelapha i-ataxia kungenziwa futhi endaweni ehlezi. Kulezi zivivinyo, ungasebenzisa isihlalo noma ibhola lokuhlala kanye ne-tape yokuzivocavoca. Lapho uhlezi esihlalweni noma ebholeni, hamba kancane uye endaweni yokuma ufulathele uqonde futhi isisu sakho siqine.

Omunye umsebenzi esizodinga i-tape kuwo lapho uhlezi esihlalweni noma ibhola, sigoqa itheyipu entendeni yesandla sakho. Izindololwane zethu kufanele zibe seduze nomzimba. Khona-ke, welula i-tape ngokuhambisa izingalo ngaphandle, bese udweba umlenze owodwa esiswini bese ubamba kule ndawo cishe imizuzwana emi-5.

Izivivinyo zokuvuselela i-ataxia nazo zingenziwa ngenkathi umile. Ukuma nge-belly taut yakho kanye nomhlane wakho uqonde, welula itheyiphu phezu kwekhanda lakho, bese uyithwala ngemuva kwekhanda lakho, udonsa amahlombe akho phansi, futhi kancane kancane ubuyele endaweni yokuqala.

Okunye ukuzivocavoca ongakwenza ngenkathi umile nge-webbing wukuzibeka endaweni umlenze owodwa uphambi komunye umlenze ngemuva. I-tape, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibekwe ngaphansi komlenze wangaphambili. Ngengalo ephambene nomlenze, siqala ukwelula i-tape njengokungathi sifuna ukuthinta phezulu kwekhanda ngayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvuselela nokuzivocavoca kusebenza kuphela uma kwenziwa njalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuzivocavoca ngaphansi kokugadwa uchwepheshe ozokwazi ukulungisa ukunyakaza kwethu. Lokhu kuzokwenza izivivinyo ezenziwe ngempumelelo zithuthukise ukusebenzelana kwethu kwezimoto.

Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana nokuvuselelwa, funda: Ukuvuselelwa - indlela yokubuyela esimweni sokuqina

Okuqukethwe kuwebhusayithi ye-medTvoiLokony kuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa, hhayi esikhundleni, ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi Wewebhusayithi nodokotela wabo. Isizindalwazi senzelwe izinjongo zokwazisa kanye nezokufundisa kuphela. Ngaphambi kokulandela ulwazi olukhethekile, ikakhulukazi izeluleko zezokwelapha, eziqukethwe kuWebhusayithi yethu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela. Umlawuli akanazo imiphumela ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa kolwazi oluqukethwe kuWebhusayithi. Ingabe udinga ukubonisana nodokotela noma incwadi kadokotela? Iya ku-halodoctor.pl, lapho uzothola khona usizo lwe-inthanethi - ngokushesha, ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho.Manje ungasebenzisa i-e-consultation futhi mahhala ngaphansi kweSikhwama Sezempilo Sikazwelonke.