Usezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa noma usanda kuba ngumama. Ukhungethwe imizwa eyahlukene: kusukela enjabulweni, emnene nasenjabulweni kuye kokwesaba nokwesaba. Into yokugcina ofuna ukuyenza ukubhala izivivinyo bese ufakazela abanye ukuthi ube (noma uzoba) "nokuzalwa okufanele". Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu u-Elizabeth McClintock sikhuluma ngendlela umphakathi obacindezela ngayo omama abasebasha.
Imibono yokuthi "indlela efanele" yokubeletha kanye nokuncelisa ibele kanjani ishintshe kakhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa:
...Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-90, u-XNUMX% wazalelwa ekhaya.
...ngawo-1920, inkathi "yokulala kokuhlwa" yaqala e-United States: ukuzalwa okuningi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia kusetshenziswa i-morphine. Lo mkhuba wamiswa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-20.
...ngawo-1940, izingane zazithathwa komama ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqubuka kwezifo. Abesifazane ababeteta bahlala ezibhedlela zokubeletha kuze kube yizinsuku eziyishumi, futhi babenqatshelwe ukuphuma embhedeni.
...ngawo-1950, abesifazane abaningi eYurophu nase-US babengabancelisi abantwana babo ibele, njengoba ubisi lwebhodlela lwaluthathwa njengolunye uhlobo olunomsoco futhi olunempilo.
...ngawo-1990, ingane eyodwa kwezintathu emazweni athuthukile yazalwa ngokuhlinzwa.
Imfundiso yokuba ngumama ofanele yenza abesifazane bakholelwe esikweni lokubeletha okufanele, okufanele basenze ngendlela efanele.
Kuningi osekushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa omama abazoba khona basazizwa benengcindezi evela emphakathini. Kusenenkulumompikiswano eshubile mayelana nokuncelisa ibele: abanye ongoti basasho ukuthi ukusebenziseka kahle, usizo nokuziphatha kokuncelisa kuyangabazeka.
Imfundiso yokuba ngumama ofanele yenza abesifazane bakholelwe esikweni lokuzalwa okufanele, okufanele balwenze ngendlela efanele ukuze kuzuze umntwana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasekeli bokubeletha ngokwemvelo bakhuthaza ukungenelela okuncane kwezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwe-epidural anesthesia. Bakholelwa ukuthi owesifazane kufanele alawule ngokuzimela inqubo yokubeletha futhi athole isipiliyoni esifanele sokuba nomntwana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nodokotela, akunakwenzeka ukukhomba izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi unciphise izingozi. Labo ababhekisela okuhlangenwe nakho «ukuzalwa ensimini» («Okhokho bethu babeletha - futhi lutho!»), bakhohlwe ngezinga lokufa okuyinhlekelele phakathi komama nezingane ngalezo zinsuku.
Ukubhekwa njalo udokotela wezifo zabesifazane kanye nokubeletha esibhedlela kuya ngokuya kuhlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa ukulawula nokuzimela, ikakhulukazi komama abazama ukusondelana nemvelo. Odokotela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakholelwa ukuthi i-doulas (ukubeletha komsizi. - Approx. ed.) Futhi abalandeli bokubeletha ngokwemvelo bayabathanda futhi, ngenxa yenkohliso yabo, bafaka engozini ngamabomu impilo kamama nengane.
Akekho onelungelo lokwahlulela izinqumo zethu futhi enze izibikezelo mayelana nokuthi zizosithinta kanjani thina nezingane zethu.
Futhi umnyakazo ovuna ukubeletha kwemvelo, kanye «nezindaba ezesabekayo» zodokotela zicindezela owesifazane ukuze angakwazi ukwakha umbono wakhe.
Ekugcineni, asikwazi ukuthwala ingcindezi. Siyavuma ukubeletha okungokwemvelo njengovivinyo olukhethekile futhi sikhuthazelela ubuhlungu besihogo ukuze sibonise ukuzinikezela kwethu nokulungela kwethu ukuba ngumama. Futhi uma okuthile kungahambi ngokohlelo, sihlushwa imizwa yecala kanye nokwehluleka kwethu.
Iphuzu alikho mayelana nokuthi iyiphi yezinkolelo-mbono elungile, kodwa ukuthi owesifazane obelethile ufuna ukuzizwa ehlonishwa futhi ezimele kunoma yiziphi izimo. Uzibelethele yena noma cha, nge-anesthesia noma ngaphandle kwayo, akunandaba. Kubalulekile ukuthi singazizwa njengesehluleki ngokuvuma ukuhlinzwa kwe-epidural noma ukuhlinzwa. Akekho onelungelo lokwahlulela izinqumo zethu futhi enze izibikezelo mayelana nokuthi kuzosithinta kanjani thina nezingane zethu.
Mayelana Nochwepheshe: U-Elizabeth McClintock unguprofesa wesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu e-University of Notre Dame, e-USA.