February 27, 2014 nguMichael Greger
Amafutha e-Trans mabi. Bangandisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo, ukufa kungazelelwe, isifo sikashukela, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nesifo sengqondo. Amafutha e-Trans axhunyaniswe nokuziphatha okunolaka, ukuphelelwa isineke, nokucasuka.
Amafutha e-Trans atholakala kakhulu endaweni eyodwa kuphela emvelweni: emafutheni ezilwane nabantu. Nokho, imboni yokudla iye yathola indlela yokudala la mafutha anobuthi ngokwenziwa ngokucubungula amafutha emifino. Kule nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogenation, ama-athomu ahlelwa kabusha ukuze aziphathe njengamafutha ezilwane.
Nakuba iMelika ngokwesiko idla ama-trans fats amaningi asuka ekudleni okugayiwe okuqukethe ingxenye yamafutha e-hydrogenated, ingxenye yesihlanu yamafutha e-trans ekudleni kwaseMelika asuselwa ezilwaneni. Manje njengoba amadolobha anjengeNew York esekuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ane-hydrogenated ngokwengxenye, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha akhiqizwayo kuyehla, cishe amaphesenti angama-50 amafutha aseMelika manje aphuma emikhiqizweni yezilwane.
Yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe amanani abalulekile wamafutha e-trans? Ngokusho kwesizindalwazi esisemthethweni soMnyango Wezondlo, ushizi, ubisi, iyogathi, ama-hamburgers, amafutha enkukhu, inyama ye-turkey nama-hot dogs kuhamba phambili ohlwini futhi aqukethe cishe amaphesenti angu-1 kuya kwangu-5 amafutha.
Ingabe lawo maphesenti ambalwa amafutha e-trans ayinkinga? Inhlangano yesayensi ehlonishwa kakhulu e-United States, i-National Academy of Sciences, iphethe ngokuthi ukuphela kokudla okuphephile kwamafutha e-trans kungu-zero.
Embikweni olahla ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ashintshashintshayo, ososayensi abakwazanga ngisho nokubeka isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile sokudla kwansuku zonke, ngoba “noma yikuphi ukudla amafutha e-trans kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.” Kungase futhi kungaphephile ukusebenzisa i-cholesterol, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa imikhiqizo yezilwane.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luqinisekisa umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-trans, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yezilwane noma yezimboni, kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, njengoba kuvela. "Ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-trans akunakugwenywa ekudleni okujwayelekile, okungezona i-vegan, ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-trans kuya ku-zero kuzodinga izinguquko eziphawulekayo emithethweni yokudla okunempilo," kusho umbiko.
Omunye wababhali, umqondisi we-Harvard University Cardiovascular Programme, wachaza ngokudumile ukuthi kungani, naphezu kwalokhu, bengakutusi ukudla okudliwa yimifino: “Asikwazi ukutshela abantu ukuthi bayiyeke ngokuphelele inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi,” esho. “Kodwa besikwazi ukutshela abantu ukuthi kufanele badle imifino. Ukube besisekelwe kwisayensi kuphela, besizobukeka sidlulele kancane.” Ososayensi abafuni ukuthembela kwisayensi yodwa, akunjalo? Kodwa-ke, lo mbiko uphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-trans fatty acids kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyilapho ukuthathwa kokudla okwanele okunomsoco kubalulekile.
Ngisho noma ungumuntu ongadli imifino oqinile, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunesimbotshana emithethweni yokulebula evumela ukudla okungaphansi kwamagremu angu-0,5 wamafutha e-trans ngokuphakwa ngakunye ukuthi kubhalwe ukuthi “ama-trans-fat-free.” Le lebula idlulisela ulwazi olungeyikho emphakathini ngokuvumela imikhiqizo ukuthi ibhalwe ukuthi i-trans-free kanti empeleni injalo. Ngakho-ke ukuze ugweme wonke ama-trans fat, sika inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, amafutha acolisisiwe, nanoma yini enezithako ezine-hydrogenated ngokwengxenye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilebula ithini.
Amafutha angalungisiwe, njengamafutha omnqumo, kufanele angabi nawo amafutha e-trans. Kodwa okuphephe kakhulu yimithombo yokudla egcwele amafutha, njengeminqumo, amantongomane, nembewu.