Archimedes: biography, okutholakele, amaqiniso athakazelisayo namavidiyo

😉 Ukubingelela kubafundi abathembekile nabavakashi besayithi! Esihlokweni esithi "Archimedes: biography, ukutholwa, amaqiniso athakazelisayo" - mayelana nempilo yasendulo yezibalo zamaGreki, isazi se-physics kanye nonjiniyela. Iminyaka yokuphila 287-212 BC Ividiyo ethokozisayo nefundisayo mayelana nempilo yososayensi ithunyelwe ekupheleni kwesihloko.

Biography of Archimedes

Usosayensi odumile wasendulo u-Archimedes wayeyindodana yesazi sezinkanyezi uPhidius futhi wathola imfundo enhle e-Alexandria, lapho ajwayelana khona nemisebenzi kaDemocritus, Eudoxus.

Phakathi nokuvinjezelwa kweSirakuse, u-Archimedes wakha izinjini zokuvimbezela (iziqhumane), ezabhubhisa ingxenye enkulu yebutho lesitha. U-Archimedes wabulawa yisosha laseRoma, naphezu kwemiyalo kaGeneral Mark Marcellus.

Inganekwane eyasakazwa amaGreki ithi isazi sezibalo esikhulu sagwazwa safa lapho sibhala i-equation esihlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela sifisa ukuphikisana nokuphakama kwaso kunokungakwazi ukusebenza kwamaRoma. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwaba ukuziphindiselela ngomonakalo owenziwe yizinto aziqambile embuthweni wasolwandle waseRoma.

“Eureka!”

I-anecdote edume kakhulu emayelana no-Archimedes ilandisa ukuthi wayisungula kanjani indlela yokunquma umthamo wento emise ngendlela engavamile. U-Hieron II wayala ukuba kunikezwe umqhele wegolide ethempelini.

U-Archimedes kwadingeka anqume ukuthi ngabe ubucwebe bebufake isiliva yini esikhundleni sezinto ezithile. Kwakudingeka aqedele lo msebenzi ngaphandle kokulimaza isicoco, ngakho wayengakwazi ukusincibilikisa ngendlela elula ukuze abale ukuminyana kwaso.

Ngesikhathi egeza, usosayensi wabona ukuthi izinga lamanzi kubhavu liyakhula njengoba engena kuwo. Uyabona ukuthi lo mphumela ungasetshenziswa ukucacisa umthamo womqhele.

Ngokombono walolu cwaningo, amanzi anomthamo ongashintshi. Umqhele uzosusa inani lamanzi ngevolumu yawo. Ukwehlukanisa ubukhulu bomqhele ngomthamo wamanzi asusiwe kunikeza ukuminyana kwawo. Lokhu kuminyana bekungaba phansi kunokwegolide uma bekunezelwa izinsimbi ezingabizi kakhulu nezilula kulo.

U-Archimedes, egxuma ephuma ebhavini, ugijima enqunu emgwaqeni. Ujabule kakhulu ngokuthola kwakhe futhi ukhohlwe ukugqoka. Umemeza kakhulu “Eureka!” ("Ngithole"). Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaba yimpumelelo futhi kwafakazela ukuthi isiliva ngempela yanezelwa emqheleni.

Indaba yomqhele wegolide ayikho kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi edumile ka-Archimedes. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwendlela echaziwe kuyangabazeka ngenxa yesidingo sokunemba okukhulu ekulinganiseni izinguquko ezingeni lamanzi.

Umhlakaniphi kungenzeka ukuthi wasebenzisa isimiso esaziwa ku-hydrostat njengomthetho ka-Archimedes, futhi kamuva sachazwa encwadini yakhe ephathelene nemizimba entantayo.

Ngokusho kwakhe, umzimba ocwiliswa oketshezini ufakwa ngaphansi kwamandla alingana nesisindo soketshezi olususwa yilo. Ngokusebenzisa lesi simiso, ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa ukuminyana komqhele wegolide nobukhulu begolide.

Umsebe wokushisa

U-Archimedes kungenzeka ukuthi wasebenzisa iqembu lezibuko elisebenza ndawonye njengesibuko esiwumfanekiso ukuze athungele imikhumbi ehlasela iSyracuse. U-Lucian, umbhali wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ubhala ukuthi u-Archimedes wabhubhisa imikhumbi ngomlilo.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, u-Antimyus waseThrall wabiza isikhali sika-Archimedes ngokuthi “ingilazi evuthayo”. Idivayisi, ebizwa nangokuthi "i-Thermim Beam Archimedes", yayisetshenziselwa ukugxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga emikhunjini, ngaleyo ndlela ikhanyise.

Lesi sikhali okuthiwa ngesikhathi seRenaissance saba yimpikiswano ngokuba khona kwaso. U-René Descartes ukuchithile njengokungenakwenzeka. Ososayensi besimanje bazama ukwenza kabusha imiphumela echaziwe besebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi atholakala ngesikhathi sika-Archimedes.

Kunombono wokuthi inqwaba yezikrini zethusi ezipholishwe kahle ezisebenza njengezibuko zingasetshenziswa ukuze kugxiliswe imisebe yelanga emkhunjini kusetshenziswa isimiso sesibuko esiyi-parabolic.

Ukuhlolwa kuka-Archimedes emhlabeni wanamuhla

Ngo-1973, usosayensi ongumGreki u-Ioannis Sakas wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Archimedes ukushisa kwe-ray endaweni yezempi e-Skaramag. Wasebenzisa izibuko ezingu-70 ezigqoke ithusi ezikala i-1,5 by 1 m. Zazihloselwe imodeli ye-plywood yomkhumbi ebangeni elingama-50 m.

Lapho izibuko zigxilile, umkhumbi mbumbulu uvutha emizuzwaneni embalwa. Ngaphambili, imikhumbi yayipendwe ngopende okhipha inhlaka, okungenzeka ukuthi kwaba nomthelela ekushiseni.

Ngo-Okthoba 2005, iqembu labafundi be-MIT lenze ucwaningo ngezibuko eziyisikwele eziyi-127 ezikala u-30 x 30 cm, zigxile kumodeli womkhumbi wamapulangwe ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30.

Ilangabi livela engxenyeni yomkhumbi, esimweni sezulu esicwathile nesibhakabhaka esingenafu futhi uma umkhumbi uhlala umile cishe imizuzu eyi-10.

Iqembu elifanayo liphinda ukuhlola kwe-MythBusters TV lisebenzisa isikebhe sokudoba sokhuni e-San Francisco. Kuphinde kubase futhi. I-Myth Hunters ichaza isipiliyoni njengokwehluleka ngenxa yesikhathi eside nezimo zezulu ezifanele ezidingekayo ukuze kuthungeleke.

Uma iSirakhuse isempumalanga, imikhumbi yaseRoma ihlasela ekuseni ukuze igxile ekukhanyeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhali ezivamile ezifana nemicibisholo evuthayo noma ama-projectiles adutshulwa kusukela ku-catapult zingasetshenziswa kalula kakhulu ukucwilisa umkhumbi ebangeni elifushane kangako.

Usosayensi wasendulo ongumGreki ubhekwa ososayensi abaningi njengomunye wezazi zezibalo ezinkulu emlandweni, kanye noNewton, Gauss no-Euler. Igalelo lakhe ku-geometry kanye ne-mechanics likhulu kakhulu; uthathwa njengomunye wezingqalabutho zokuhlaziya izibalo.

Usebenzisa izibalo ngendlela ehlelekile kusayensi yemvelo, izinto ezitholwe zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinto ezisunguliwe. Iminikelo yakhe yesayensi yacwaningwa futhi yachazwa ngu-Eratosthenes, Conon noDosifed.

Imisebenzi ka-Archimedes

• isazi sezibalo sibale ubuso bengxenye ye-parabolic kanye namavolumu emizimba ehlukahlukene yezibalo;
• wacabangela amajika namajika amaningana, elinye lawo elibizwa ngegama lakhe: Archimedes spiral;
• inikeze incazelo yezibalo eziningi ezivamile ezibizwa nge-Archimedes;
• yethule ubufakazi bokungabi namkhawulo kohlu lwezinombolo ezingokwemvelo (ezaziwa nangokuthi i-Archimedes' axiom).

Ividiyo ehlobene: "I-Archimedes: i-biography, ukutholwa", ifilimu eqanjiwe nemfundo "INkosi Yezinombolo"

Lesi sihloko esithi "Archimedes: biography, izinto ezitholakele, amaqiniso athakazelisayo" zizosiza izingane zesikole kanye nabafundi. Kuze kube ngokuzayo! 😉 Ngena, gijima ungene, ngena! Bhalisela i-newsletter yezindatshana ku-imeyili yakho. imeyili. Gcwalisa leli fomu elingenhla: igama kanye ne-imeyili.