Okuqukethwe
Kukhona cishe ama-amino acid angama-200 emvelweni. Ezingu-20 zazo zitholakala ekudleni kwethu, eziyi-10 zazo zibonwe njengezingenakushintshwa. Ama-amino acid abalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemizimba yethu. Ziyingxenye yemikhiqizo eminingi yamaprotheni, zisetshenziswa njengezithako zokudla zokudla okunomsoco wezemidlalo, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imithi, zengezwe ekudleni kwezilwane.
Ukudla okunothe ngama-amino acid:
Kuboniswe inani elilinganiselwa ku-100 g womkhiqizo
Izici ezijwayelekile zama-amino acid
Ama-amino acid angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezisetshenziswa ngumzimba ekuhlanganisweni kwamahomoni, amavithamini, izingulube kanye nezisekelo ze-purine. Amaprotheni enziwe ngama-amino acid. Izimila nezilwanyana ezincane eziningi ziyakwazi ukuhlanganisa wonke ama-amino acid awadingayo ukuze aziphilele ngokwawo, ngokungafani nezilwane nabantu. Ama-amino acid amaningi umzimba wethu ukwazi ukwamukela kuphela ekudleni.
Ama-amino acid abalulekile afaka: i-valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan.
Ama-amino acid angashintshwa akhiqizwa ngumzimba wethu yi-glycine, proline, alanine, cysteine, serine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, tyrosine.
Yize lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwama-amino acid kuphambana kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-histidine, i-arginine, ngokwesibonelo, ihlanganiswa emzimbeni womuntu, kepha hhayi njalo ngobuningi obanele. I-amino acid tyrosine engashintshwa ingaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu uma kunokushoda kwe-phenylalanine emzimbeni.
Isidingo sansuku zonke sama-amino acid
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-amino acid, imfuneko yansuku zonke yomzimba iyanqunywa. Isidingo somzimba esiphelele sama-amino acid, aqoshwe kumatafula okudla, sisuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-2 gram ngosuku.
Isidingo sama-amino acid siyanda:
- ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo komzimba;
- ngesikhathi semidlalo esebenzayo;
- ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo;
- ngesikhathi sokugula nangesikhathi sokululama.
Isidingo sama-amino acid siyancipha:
Ngokuphazamiseka kokuzalwa okuhambisana nokumuncwa kwama-amino acid. Kulokhu, ezinye izinto zamaprotheni zingadala ukungezwani komzimba emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi izinkinga ngomgudu wamathumbu, ukuluma nokuhlanza.
Ukufana kwe-amino acid
Ijubane nokuphelela kokufana kwama-amino acid kuncike ohlotsheni lwemikhiqizo equkethe. Ama-amino acid aqukethwe kumhlophe amaqanda, ushizi we-cottage shizi onamafutha amancane, inyama engenamafutha nenhlanzi amuncwa kahle umzimba.
Ama-amino acids nawo adonswa ngokushesha ngenhlanganisela efanele yemikhiqizo: ubisi luhlanganiswa nephalishi le-buckwheat nesinkwa esimhlophe, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo kafulawa enenyama kanye ne-cottage shizi.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zama-amino acid, umphumela wazo emzimbeni
I-amino acid ngayinye inomphumela wayo emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke i-methionine ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imetabolism yamafutha emzimbeni, isetshenziswa njengokuvimbela isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ukuqina kwesibindi nokuwohloka kwesibindi.
Kwezifo ezithile ze-neuropsychiatric, i-glutamine, i-aminobutyric acid iyasetshenziswa. I-Glutamic acid iyasetshenziswa futhi ekuphekeni njenge-ejenti yokunambitha. I-cysteine ikhonjiswa ngezifo zamehlo.
Ama-amino acid amathathu, i-tryptophan, i-lysine ne-methionine, adingeka kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. I-Tryptophan isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka komzimba, futhi ibuye igcine ibhalansi ye-nitrogen emzimbeni.
I-Lysine iqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile komzimba, ibamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokwakheka kwegazi.
Imithombo esemqoka ye-lysine ne-methionine yi-cottage shizi, inyama yenkomo, nezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi (i-cod, i-pike perch, i-herring). I-Tryptophan itholakala ngamanani alinganayo enyameni yomzimba, inyama yenkonyana nasemdlalweni.
Ukusebenzisana nezinto ezibalulekile
Wonke ama-amino acid ancibilika emanzini. Hlanganyela namavithamini eqembu B, A, E, C namanye ama-microelements; iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-serotonin, i-melanin, i-adrenaline, i-norepinephrine namanye ama-hormone.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka nokudlulela kwama-amino acid
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwama-amino acid emzimbeni:
- ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla noma ukuncipha kokudla;
- ubuthakathaka, ukozela;
- ukukhula nokubambezeleka okubambezelekile;
- ukulahleka kwezinwele;
- ukuwohloka kwesikhumba;
- i-anemia;
- ukumelana kabi nezifo.
Izimpawu zokweqa ngokweqile kwama-amino acid athile emzimbeni:
- ukuphazamiseka endlala yegilo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme - kwenzeka ngokweqile nge-tyrosine;
- izinwele ezimpunga zakuqala, izifo ezihlangene, i-aortic aneurysm ingabangelwa ukweqisa kwe-amino acid histidine emzimbeni;
- i-methionine inyusa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Izinkinga ezinjalo zingavela kuphela uma umzimba ungenawo amavithamini B, A, E, C kanye ne-selenium. Uma lezi zakhi zomzimba ziqukethe inani elifanele, ukweqiwa kwama-amino acid kusheshe kuncishiswe, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kokuningi kube yizinto eziwusizo emzimbeni.
Izici ezithinta okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid emzimbeni
Ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nempilo yomuntu, yizona zinto ezinquma kokuqukethwe kwe-amino acid ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme athile, isifo sikashukela, ukulimala kwesibindi kuholela emazingeni e-amino acid angalawulwa emzimbeni.
Ama-amino acid ezempilo, ubungqabavu nobuhle
Ukuze wakhe ngempumelelo ubukhulu bemisipha ekwakheni umzimba, kuvame ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo ze-amino acid eziqukethe i-leucine, isoleucine ne-valine.
Abasubathi basebenzisa i-methionine, i-glycine, ne-arginine, noma ukudla okuqukethe, njengezithako zokudla zokugcina amandla ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
Noma ngubani ohola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo nenempilo udinga ukudla okukhethekile okuqukethe ama-amino acid amaningi adingekayo ukuze alondoloze isimo esihle somzimba, alulame ngokushesha, ashise amanoni amaningi noma akhe imisipha.
Siqoqe amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ngama-amino acid kulo mfanekiso, futhi sizojabula uma wabelana ngesithombe kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana noma kubhulogi, ngesixhumanisi saleli khasi: