I-Amblyopia ukukhubazeka okubuka uhlangothi olulodwa okuvame ukubonwa ezinganeni ezincane. Sivame ukukhuluma nge "iso elvilaphayo". Izithombe ezidluliswa yilelihlo azinakwa ubuchopho, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungalungiswa uma kunakekelwa ngesikhathi, imvamisa kungakapheli iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ukuphathwa kwe-amblyopia kubantu abadala kunzima kakhulu.

Incazelo ye-amblyopia

I-Amblyopia ibonakala ngomehluko ekubukeni okuhle phakathi kwamehlo womabili. Omunye kuthiwa "uyihlo elibi": izithombe ezithunyelwa yileli ziso zinekhwalithi enganele engacutshungulwa ubuchopho. Lo uzongazinaki lezi zithombe, into ezoholela kancane kancane ekulahlekelweni kombono. Lokhu kwehla kombono kungaba yinto ehlala njalo uma kunganakekelwa ngesikhathi. 

Izinhlobo d'amblyopie

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-amblyopia. Okuvame kakhulu yi-amblyopia esebenzayo. Kwakha ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ubuchopho abuzibi izithombe ezivela kwelinye lamehlo amabili, okuthinta ukubona.

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ze-amblyopia njenge-organic amblyopia exhumene nokulimala kwamehlo. Leli fomu alivamile. Yingakho igama lezokwelapha elithi amblyopia livame ukubhekisa kuma-amblyopia asebenzayo.

Izimbangela ze-amblyopia

Izimbangela ezintathu ezinkulu zikhonjwe:

• ukungahambi kahle kwamehlo, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-strabismus;
• ukugxila ezinkingeni, noma amaphutha we-Refractive, angavela njenge-hyperopia (umbono ongaqondakali wezinto eziseduze) noma i-astigmatism (ukusonteka kwe-cornea);
• ukuvinjelwa kwe-eksisi ebonakalayo phakathi kobuso bamehlo ne-retina okungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwamehlo (inani eliphelele noma elincanyana lelensi elikhona kusukela ekuzalweni noma elivela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila).

Ukuxilongwa kwe-amblyopia

I-Amblyopia ikhonjwa ngokuhlola ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo. Ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ngoba ukwelashwa kuncike kukho. I-Amblyopia kubantu abadala kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha kunaleyo etholwe ezinganeni.

Ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-acuity visual. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo azisebenzi noma azisebenzi ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu. Abakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukunikeza impendulo efanele. Ukuhlola-ke kungasuselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwemibono ye-pupillary. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthwebula izithombe: ukuqoshwa kwemibono ye-pupillary usebenzisa ikhamera.

Abantu abathintekayo yi-amblyopia

I-Amblyopia ivame ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kokubuka ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuthinta cishe izingane ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3%. I-Amblyopia ingalungiswa uma ibanjwa ngesikhathi, imvamisa ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-amblyopia kwentsha nakubantu abadala kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha.

Izici zobungozi be-amblyopia

Izici ezithile zingakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-amblyopia ezinganeni:

• i-hyperopia, ibhekwa njengengozi enkulu;
• ukungajwayelekile kokuphanjaniswa okungajwayelekile;
• umlando womndeni wamaphutha wokuphikisa;
• ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
• ukungasebenzi kahle;
• i-trisomy 21;
• ukukhubazeka ebuchosheni;
• ukuphazamiseka kwe-neuro-motor.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane

I-Amblyopia ivame ukuzibonakalisa ezinganeni ezinyangeni zayo zokuqala ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvame ukuba nzima (kabusha) ukwazi izimpawu ezizwiwa yizingane. Akakakwazi ukuveza imizwa yakhe ngokucacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazi ukuthi unokuphazamiseka okubukwayo. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingaphakamisa ukuba khona kwe-amblyopia ezinganeni:

• ingane inciphisa amehlo ayo;
• ingane imboza iso elilodwa;
• ingane inamehlo abheke ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezindala

Kusukela eminyakeni engaba mithathu, ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kokubuka kulula. Ingane ingakhala ngokuphazamiseka okubukwayo: umbono ophuphuthekile wezinto eziseduze noma kude. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukubonisana kwezokwelapha kuyalulekwa uma ungabaza ngezimpawu ze-amblyopia.

Izimpawu kwentsha nakubantu abadala

Isimo siyefana nasentsheni nasebekhulile. I-Amblyopia ivame ukubonwa ngokulahleka kombono obumbene.

Ukuphathwa kwe-amblyopia kufaka ukuvuselela ukusetshenziswa kweso elvilaphayo ebuchosheni. Ukufeza lokhu, kungasetshenziswa izixazululo eziningana ezinjengalezi:

• ukugqoka izibuko noma amalensi wokuxhumana;
• ukusetshenziswa kokugqokwa noma amaconsi wamehlo avimbela ukusetshenziswa kweso elingathinteki futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphoqa ukugqugquzelwa kweso elithintekile;
• ukukhishwa kwe-cataract uma isimo sidinga lokho;
• ukwelashwa kwe-strabismus uma kunesidingo.

Azikho izixazululo zokuvimbela i-amblyopia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuvimbela izinkinga ngokuhlola njalo umbono wengane yakho nochwepheshe wezempilo. Ukuvinjelwa kwezinkinga kufaka nokulandela izincomo zezokwelapha ngemuva kokutholakala kwe-amblyopia.