I-Alexithymia ukuphazamiseka kokulawulwa ngokomzwelo, okubonwa kabanzi kwizifo zengqondo. Kubonakala ngobunzima obukhulu ekuboneni nasekuchazeni imizwa yakhe neyabanye. I-Alexithymia ibuye ibandakanyeke ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zengqondo, ezinjengokudangala kanye ne-schizophrenia. Lesi sifo sithinta cishe i-10% yabantu abaningi.

Incazelo ye-alexithymia

I-Alexithymia ukuphazamiseka kokulawulwa ngokomzwelo, okubonwa kakhulu kwizifo zengqondo. Kubonakala ngobunzima obukhulu ekuboneni nasekuchazeni imizwa yakhe neyabanye.

I-Alexithymia ingafingqwa ngezimpawu ezine eziyinhloko:

• Ukwehluleka ukuveza ngamazwi imizwa noma imizwa;
• Umkhawulo wokuphila okucatshangelwayo;
• Ukuthambekela ekuphendukeleni esenzweni ukugwema nokuxazulula izingxabano;
• Incazelo eningiliziwe yamaqiniso, izehlakalo, izimpawu zomzimba.

Igama elithi alexithymia liyi-neologism - a = ukungabikho, i-lexis = igama, i-thymos = i-mood, i-affectivity, umuzwa, imizwa-eyenziwe ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo uSifneos ngo-1973 ukuchaza abantu abangenawo amandla okukhulumisana nemizwa yabo noma abanomcabango olinganiselwe : “Impilo engeyinhle esephusheni eholela ohlotsheni lomcabango wokusetshenziswa, ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa isenzo ukugwema izingxabano nezimo ezicindezelayo, umkhawulo ophawuleka ekuvezeni imizwa futhi ikakhulukazi ubunzima ekutholeni amagama okuchaza imizwa yakhe. "

Izinhlobo d'alexithymies

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-alexithymia zingahlukaniswa:

• I-State alexithymia inembangela ethile futhi imvamisa iyisimo sesikhashana. Isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele, esidalwe isehlakalo esinyantisayo, yisibonelo esaziwa ngokudala lolu hlobo lwe-alexithymia.
• Uhlamvu alexithymia lubhekwa njengesici semvelo somuntu. Kungaba okuyinhloko noma kwesibili - kubangelwa izehlakalo ezenzeka ebuntwaneni bomuntu bokuqala, njengokunganakwa noma udlame.

I-Alexithymia nayo iqondakala ukuthi inezinto ezimbili:

• Ingxenye yokuqonda lapho abantu bengabhekana nezinselelo ngokucabanga nangemizwa ngenkathi bezama ukuqamba amagama, ukuqonda nokukhuluma ngemizwa yabo;
• Ingxenye engokomzwelo lapho abantu bangaba nobunzima ekwabelaneni, ekuphenduleni nasekuzizweleni imizwa yabo.

Izimbangela de l'alexithymie

Esikhathini esedlule, i-alexithymia yahlukaniswa futhi yabekelwa imingcele ekuphazamiseni kwengqondo - ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya izimpawu zomzimba zomzimba kepha kwakhiwa futhi kwandiswa ingqondo. Isibonelo, umuntu othukuthele kakhulu, kepha engalubonakalisi ulaka lwabo, angaba nesisu.

Kodwa-ke, i-alexithymia ibandakanyeka ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zengqondo, ezinjengokudangala kanye ne-schizophrenia. Ukushoda okuningi ngokomzwelo ekuphazamisekeni kwesimo se-autism kungabangelwa kuko.

Kepha i-alexithymia iphinde ihlotshaniswe nezinguquko emsebenzini wohlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo - enye yezinto ezintathu zohlelo lwe-autonomic nervous oluphatha umsebenzi wezitho ze-visceral nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo yomzimba njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo. inhliziyo-, amasosha omzimba nokusebenza kobuchopho.

Abanye abacwaningi baxhumanisa i-alexithymia nokunamathiselwa kwabazali okungavikelekile noma okuhlangenwe nakho okungekuhle ebuntwaneni.

Olunye ucwaningo nge-alexithymia ku-dermatology lukhombisa ukuthi kubonakala kuhlotshaniswa ne-alopecia areata - noma i-alopecia areata, isifo sokuzilimaza esibangela ukulahleka kwezinwele-, i-psoriasis, i-atopic dermatitis -uhlobo lwe-eczema-, ene-vitiligo noma i-urticaria engapheli.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-alexithymia

I-Alexithymia namanje ayaziwa ngokuhlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwezifo. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kwayo kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezahlukene nezikali.

I-TAS-20 - ye- “Toronto Alexithymia Scale” - ingesinye sezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola i-alexithymia ocwaningweni nasekwenzeni imitholampilo: http://www.antidouleur59.fr/douleursquestionnairetas20.pdf.

Lesi sikali sakhiwe ngezinto ezingama-20, ezifunda ubukhulu obuthathu:

• Kunzima ukukhomba izimo ezingokomzwelo;
• Kunzima ukuchaza izimo zemizwa kwabanye;
• Ukucabanga okusebenzayo.

Izimpendulo zisukela ku-1 ziye ku-5 zisuka ekungavumelani ngokugcwele ziye esivumelwaneni esigcwele.

Kukhona ezinye izinsimbi zokulinganisa i-alexithymia:

• I-Beth Israel Questionnaire (i-BIQ) noma i-Beth Israel Psychosomatic Questionnaire;
• I-Le Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ);
• Futhi okuningi okuningi

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela uzophinde ahlanganyele isikhashana nesiguli futhi asicele ukuthi benze olunye ucwaningo nokuhlolwa kwengqondo.

Abantu abathintekayo yi-alexithymia

I-Alexithymia ithinta cishe i-10% yabantu jikelele.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-alexithymia ibaluleke kakhulu emadodeni naphakathi kodokotela.

Izici ezithanda i-alexithymia

Izici ezahlukahlukene zingakhuthaza noma zikhulise i-alexithymia:

• I-fibromyalgia;
• Ukudangala;
• Izinkinga zokudla;
• Umlutha wezidakamizwa;
• Okunye ukulimala kobuchopho;
• Ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi

Kunzima ukuxhumana nemizwa

Isici sokuqala se-alexithymia ubunzima bokukwazi ukudlulisa imizwa yakho kwabanye. I-alexithymic ayikwazi ukuveza imizwa yayo ngamazwi.

Ukwehluleka ukukhomba imizwa

Abantu abane-alexithymia abakwazi ukukhomba imizwa yabo futhi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa nemizwa yabo yomzimba. Isiguli sichaza kaningi izimpawu zomzimba esikhundleni semizamo yokuveza imizwa yaso.

Ubumpofu bokuphila okucatshangelwayo

Ama-alexithymics aphupha kancane - noma awakhumbula kancane - futhi lapho iphupho likhona, okuqukethwe kwalo akulungile, kuyiqiniso futhi kuyenzeka ngokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima bokubeka iphupho ngamagama bungokoqobo. Amaphupho awavamile futhi izinkumbulo zibonakala ziphazamiseke kakhulu. I-Alexithymia izala ukuntuleka komcabango kanye nesitayela sokuqonda esigxile kuzithonya nakumathonya angaphandle.

Imicabango enokuqukethwe oku-pragmatic

Imicabango ye-alexithymics ingaphandle kunemizwa yangaphakathi. Isiguli senza incazelo eningiliziwe yamaqiniso, izehlakalo noma izimpawu zomzimba eziveze imizwa kepha zingazivezi ngokwazo.

Ukuhumusha okungalungile kwemizwa engokomzimba

Ukwehluleka ukukhomba ngokwanele ukuzwa ngokomzimba njengokuvezwa kwemizwelo kungenza abantu abane-alexithymia bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokungafanele ukuvusa kwabo imizwa njengezimpawu zokugula, okuholele ekutheni bafune ukwelashwa ngezimpawu. okungekho ncazelo ecacile yezokwelapha engatholwa ngayo.

Ezinye izimpawu

• Kusetshenziswe amagama nemisho emibi;
• Inkulumo engokomzwelo ayikho;
• Ubumpofu bokuzizwa ezinkulumweni;
• Umdwebo oyiqiniso wokulandisa, ngaphandle kwenganekwane noma uphawu;
• Ukungabi namandla okulawula umfutho;
• Ukuqhuma okunodlame noma okuphazamisayo;
• Ukunganaki abanye;
• Kunzima ukukhomba imizwa evezwe abanye;
• Ukuzwela okwengeziwe ekubukeni, imisindo noma ukuthintwa komzimba.

Kubantu abane-alexithymia, uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uvame ukugxila ekwakheni isisekelo sokuqamba imizwelo nokwazisa imizwa ehlukahlukene. Le nqubo izofaka phakathi kokubili ukubheka okwenzeka kwabanye abantu nokuzicabangela ngokwenza lokhu:

• Ukwelashwa kweqembu;
• Iphephandaba lansuku zonke;
• Ukwelashwa okusekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle;
• Ukuzibandakanya kwezobuciko bokudala;
• Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphumula;
• Ukufunda izincwadi noma izindaba ezihambayo;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi

Eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule, i-alexithymia ikhuthaze ucwaningo oluningi oluye lwakhanyisa izici eziningi zalesi sifo kepha kuze kube manje alukwenzi ukwelashwa okusha okusekelwe ebufakazini ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpilo zabantu. abantu alexithymic. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lokuziphatha, lolimi nolwezinzwa ku-alexithymia kubonakala ngathi luthuthuke ngendlela yokuthi lungahumushela ekwelashweni okusebenzayo kwabantu abane-alexithymia. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zinganikezwa ngezindlela ezintsha, ezinjengezinhlelo ze-Intanethi: ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi kunikeza izindlela zokugcina ukuxhumana kwabantu kuya kubantu kuncane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo sokwabelana ngokukhululekile ngemizwa.

Ukufunda ukukala imizwa nemizwa yakho usemncane kungasiza ukukhawulela ukuvela kwe-alexithymia.