I-Akathisia iwuphawu oluchazwa ukulangazelela ukunyakaza noma ukunyathela endaweni ngendlela engenakuvinjwa futhi engapheli. Lesi sifo se-sensorimotor sitholakala ikakhulukazi ezithweni ezingezansi. I-Akathisia ingahambisana nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukukhathazeka. Isizathu se-akathisia kufanele kuqala sibonakale futhi ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanele kuhloswe kulesi sizathu.

Kwenzenjani ?

I-Akathisia iwuphawu oluchazwa ukulangazelela ukunyakaza noma ukunyathela endaweni ngendlela engenakuvinjwa futhi engapheli. Lesi sifo se-sensorimotor - okufanele sihlukaniswe nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo - sitholakala ikakhulu emilenzeni engezansi. Kwenzeka kakhulu lapho uhlezi noma ulele. Ukungakhululeki, ukuqwasha kwesibili, ngisho nokucindezeleka ngezindlela ezinkulu kuvame ukubonwa. I-Akathisia ingahambisana nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukukhathazeka.

Ukuxilongwa komehluko phakathi kwe-akathisia nesifo somlenze ongaphumuli kusaxoxwa ngakho uma kubhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokunqwabelana komtholampilo phakathi kwalokhu kokubili. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu ezimbili ziyafana kodwa zibhekwa njengezihlukile ngenxa yefa elihlukile lale miqondo: izifundo ze-rerestless legs syndrome zivela kakhulu ezincwadini zezinzwa kanye nokulala kanye ne-Akathisia yezincwadi zengqondo nezengqondo.

Indlela yokubona i-akathisia

Njengamanje, i-akathisia itholakala kuphela ekubhekweni komtholampilo nasombikweni wesiguli, njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqinisekisayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, noma isifundo se-neurophysiological.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia yizikhalo ezizimele zokuntula isineke kanye nokunyakaza okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukunyakaza okungaphumuli noma ukunyakazisa imilenze lapho uhlezi;
• Ukushwibilika kolunye unyawo ukuya kolunye noma ukunyathela umile;
• Udinga ukuhamba ukuze unciphise ukuntula isineke;
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlala noma ukuma ngaphandle kokunyakaza imizuzu embalwa.

Ithuluzi lokuhlola elisetshenziswa kakhulu yiBarnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), okuyisikali samaphoyinti amane lapho izingxenye zezifo nezinhloso zezifo zilinganiswa ngokwehlukana bese zihlanganiswa. Into ngayinye ilinganiselwe esikalini samaphuzu amane, ukusuka kuziro kuye kwamathathu:

• Ingxenye yenhloso: kukhona ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza. Lapho ubunzima buncane kuya kokulinganisela, imikhawulo engezansi ithinteka ngokuyinhloko, ngokuvamile kusukela ezinqulwini kuya emaqakaleni, futhi ukunyakaza kuthatha uhlobo lwezinguquko esimweni lapho umile, unyakaza, noma ukunyakaza kwezinyawo ngenkathi uhlezi. Nokho, uma kubi kakhulu, i-akathisia ingathinta wonke umzimba, ibangele ukunyakaza okungaphezeki nokunyakaza, okuvame ukuhambisana nokugxuma, ukugijima futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukujikijela esihlalweni noma ukukhahlela. umbhede.
• Ingxenye ye-subjective: ubunzima bokungakhululeki okuphathekayo buyahlukahluka kusukela “kucasula kancane” futhi kukhululeke kalula ngokunyakazisa isitho noma ukushintsha indawo, kuye “okungabekezeleleki nhlobo”. Ngefomu elinzima kakhulu, isihloko singase singakwazi ukugcina noma yikuphi ukuma ngaphezu kwamasekhondi ambalwa. Izikhalazo ezizenzekelayo zifaka phakathi umuzwa wokungahlaliseki kwangaphakathi - imvamisa emilenzeni - ukuphoqeleka ukuhambisa imilenze nobuhlungu uma umuntu oceliwe engahambisi imilenze yakhe.

Izici zengozi

Nakuba i-akathisia ebangelwa i-acute antipsychotic-induced ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa ne-schizophrenia, kubonakala sengathi iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ikakhulukazi ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar, empeleni zisengozini enkulu.

Ezinye izici zobungozi zingabonakala:

• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda;
• Umdlavuza;
• Ukushoda kwe-ayoni.

I-akathisia engapheli noma ephuzile nayo ingahlotshaniswa nokuguga nobulili besifazane.

Ama-Antipsychotics

I-Akathisia ivame ukubonakala ngemva kokwelashwa ngama-antipsychotic esizukulwane sokuqala, ngezilinganiso zokuvama ezisukela ku-8 kuya ku-76% weziguli ezelashwayo, okwenza kube umphumela ongathandeki ovame kakhulu wale mithi. . Yize ukubhebhetheka kwe-akathisia kungaphansi ngemithi yesizukulwane sesibili ye-antipsychotic, ikude no-zero;

antidepressant

I-Akathisia ingenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngama-antidepressants.

Eminye imisuka yokwelapha

Imithi elwa namagciwane i-azithromycin 55, izivimba zesiteshi se-calcium, i-lithium, nezidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuzijabuliseni njenge-gamma-hydroxybutyrate, i-methamphetamine, i-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, i-ecstasy) ne-cocaine.

Izimo ze-Parkinsonian

I-Akathisia ichazwe ngokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezihambisana nesifo sikaParkinson.

U-Akathisia ozenzakalelayo

I-Akathisia iye yabikwa kwezinye izimo ze-schizophrenia engalashwa, lapho kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi "yi-akathisia ezenzekelayo".

Ukubambelela kabi ekwelashweni

Ukuhlupheka okubangelwa i-akathisia kubalulekile futhi kungase kube imbangela yokungahambisani nokwelashwa kwe-neuroleptic okubhekene nalesi sibonakaliso.

Ukubhebhetheka kwezimpawu zengqondo

Ukuba khona kwe-akathisia kwandisa izimpawu zengqondo, ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi odokotela bakhulise ngokungafanele ama-agent ahlukumezayo, njenge-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe noma i-antipsychotics.

Ukuzibulala

I-Akathisia ingahlotshaniswa nokucasuka, ulaka, udlame, noma imizamo yokuzibulala.

Isizathu se-akathisia kufanele kuqala sibonakale futhi ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanele kuhloswe kulesi sizathu.

Njengoba i-Akathisia ikhula ikakhulu njengomphumela wokuthatha izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic, isincomo sokuqala ukunciphisa noma ukushintsha umuthi uma kungenzeka. Ezigulini ezithatha izidakamizwa zesizukulwane sokuqala, kufanele kwenziwe umzamo wokushintshela kuma-ejenti esizukulwane sesibili abonakala edala i-akathisia encane, okuhlanganisa i-quetiapine ne- iloperidone.

Uma kukhona ukushoda kwensimbi, kungase kube usizo ukulungisa isimo.

Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi "i-akathisia yokuhoxiswa" ingenzeka - ngemva kokushintsha ukwelashwa, ukukhushulwa kwesikhashana kungenzeka: ngakho-ke akudingekile ukwahlulela ukuphumelela kokunciphisa umthamo noma "ushintsho lwemithi ngaphambi kwamasonto ayisithupha noma Okuningi.

Kodwa-ke, i-akathisia ingahlala inzima kakhulu ukwelapha. Kubikwa ukuthi kuningi okuhlukahlukene okuwusizo, kodwa ubufakazi abukaqinisekiswa.