Ukuze uphumelele empilweni, kufanele… Udume? Sebenza okwengeziwe ukuze uzuze okwengeziwe? Ulima ingadi yemifino? Ziyini izinqumo zokuphila ezisenza sijabule ? USolwazi uRobert Waldinger waseHarvard University (Massachusetts) unombono onembe kahle. Ekupheleni kuka-2015, wembula ngesikhathi senkomfa ye-TED ebukwa izigidi ezimbalwa zabasebenzisi be-inthanethi iziphetho zesifundo esehlukile.

Sekuyiminyaka engama-75, izizukulwane eziningana zabaphenyi zihlaziye impilo yamadoda angama-724 e-United States. « Isifundo seHarvard Ekuthuthukisweni Kwabantu Abadala mhlawumbe isifundo eside kunazo zonke empilweni yabantu abadala ” uthuthukisa uSolwazi Waldinger.

Konke kwaqala ngo-1938, lapho kukhethwa amaqembu amabili entsha kanye nabantu abadala baseBoston. Eyodwa iquketheabafundi base-Harvard University edumile, kanti omunye uqhamuka komakhelwane incishwe amathuba kakhulu kusukela edolobheni. “Le ntsha yakhula […] yaba ngabasebenzi, abameli, abakha, odokotela, omunye wabo enguMongameli wase-United States. [UJohn F. Kennedy]. Abanye sebeyizidakwa. Ezinye i-schizophrenics. Abanye baye benza kanjalo wakhuphuka isitebhisi senhlalo kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, kanti abanye beze ngenye indlela » kulandisa usosayensi.

“Iziphi izifundo ezivela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhasi okwaziswa esikuqoqile ngalezi zimpilo? Well izifundo azikho mayelana ingcebo, noma udumo, noma umsebenzi. " Cha. Ngokwalokho okutholwe yilolu cwaningo, ukuba nokuphila okwanelisayo kungenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.  

Isifundo 1: Zizungeze

Ukuphila ngenjabulo kungaphezu kwakho konke ilungelo lobudlelwano bezenhlalo “Abantu abaxhumene kakhulu nomndeni wabo, abangani, umphakathi, bajabule ngokwengeziwe, banempilo enhle emzimbeni, futhi baphila isikhathi eside kunalabo abangaxhumene kangako. ” kuchaza umcwaningi. Ngo-2008, i-INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) nayo yaqinisekisa embikweni ukuthi ukuphila kombhangqwana kwaba nomthelela omuhle enhlalakahleni kukho konke ukuphila. 

Ngokuphambene, ukuzizwa unesizungu nsuku zonke kungaba “Kunobuthi”. Abantu abahlukanisiwe abagcini ngokungajabuli nje kuphela, kepha amakhono abo ezempilo nawokuqonda ancipha ngokushesha. Ngokufigqiwe “Isizungu siyabulala”. Futhi empeleni, ngokusho kososayensi bezinzwa, ulwazi lokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi luvula izindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho… njenge ubuhlungu ngokomzimba¹.

Yiphani khona niyakwamukeliswa

Abacwaningi bakhombisile ukuthi ukwamukela a ukuziphatha kwaphendukela komunye kwandisa inhlalakahle ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iliphi iqembu lenhlalo. Khumbula a isipho lokho abakwenzile, isibonelo, benze ababambiqhaza bocwaningo bajabule kakhudlwana. Babenamathuba amaningi okuthi basebenzise imali ngesipho futhi ngemuva kwalolu lwazi².

Kolunye ucwaningo, abacwaningi baskena ubuchopho babantu ababenza lokho wanikela ngemali enhlanganweni Uthando³. Umphumela: noma ngabe sinika noma sithola imali, yi indawo efanayo yobuchopho okwenza kusebenze! Ukunemba kakhudlwana, indawo okukhulunywa ngayo yaqala ukusebenza kakhulu lapho abafundi benikeza imali kunangesikhathi beyithola. Iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho esikhuluma ngayo? Kusuka ku-ventral striatum, isifunda esingaphansi kwe-subcortical esihlotshaniswa ne- umvuzo kanye nenjabulo ezincelisayo.

Isifundo 2: Gcina Ubudlelwano Obuhle

Akwanele ukuzungezwa ukuze ujabule, kuyadingeka futhi ukuba ngabantu abalungile. “Akusona isibalo sabangani onabo kuphela, noma ngabe usebudlelwaneni noma cha, kodwa yiso leso ikhwalithi yobuhlobo bakho obuseduze ubani obala" kufingqa uRobert Waldinger.

Ubucabanga ukuthi uphephile ekubeni nesizungu nabangane bakho abangama-500 Facebook ? Ucwaningo luka-2013 olwenziwa ngu-Ethan Kross kanye nozakwabo eNyuvesi yaseMichigan luphakamise ukuthi izifundo eziningi ezixhunywe kwinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, kulapho beba khona Buhlungu⁴. Isiphetho esazuza umdondoshiya wePalo Alto ukuthi sichazwe ngokuthi Inethiwekhi "elwa nomphakathi" emithonjeni ehlukene. Siyazi kusukela ngo-2015 ukuthi iqiniso licashile kakhulu. Abaphenyi abafanayo banqume ukuthi kwakungukungena nje ku-Facebook okwakuhlotshaniswa nomoya ophansi. Ngakho-ke ayikho ingozi yokudangala lapho uhlangana nabangane bakho kunethiwekhi.

kangcono uwedwa kune-comapny embi

URobert Waldinger ugcizelela esinye isici esibalulekile sobudlelwano, ukungabi khona kwezingxabano « imishado enengxabano, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphandle kothando oluningi, iyingozi kakhulu empilweni yethu, mhlawumbe yimbi ukudlula isehlukaniso ”. Ukuphila ngenjabulo nempilo enhle, kangcono uwedwa kune-comapny embi.

Ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlakanipha okuthandwayo kukhuluma iqiniso yini, ithimba labacwaningi lathembela kwesinye sezici zenjabulo⁵. Siyazi ukuthi abantu abajabulayo banekhono elikhulu kunabantu abacindezelekile gcina umuzwa omuhle. Ngakho-ke abacwaningi babeka ama-electrode ebusweni bamavolontiya angu-116 ukuze balinganise ubude besikhathi sokumamatheka kwabo kulandela isikhuthazo esihle. Ngokwesikimu, uma ama-electrode eveza ukumamatheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, singacabanga ukuthi isihloko siveza inhlala-kahle enkulu, futhi ngokufanayo. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi abantu bavezwa izingxabano njalo ngaphakathi kwalezi zithandani ezethulwe izimpendulo ezimfushane zemizwa eyakhayo. Izinga labo lenhlalakahle empeleni laliphansi.

Isifundo 3: jabula ngokuguga kangcono

USolwazi Waldinger uthole eyesithathu ” isifundo sempilo “Ngokubhekisisa amarekhodi ezokwelapha amadoda ocwaningo kulandele iminyaka engu-75. Nethimba lakhe, babheka i- izici ezingase zibikezele ukuguga okujabulisayo nokunempilo. “Kwakungelona izinga labo le-cholesterol ngaleyo minyaka elalibikezela ukuthi bazoguga kanjani” kufingqa umcwaningi. “Abantu abeneliseke kakhulu ebudlelwaneni babo beneminyaka engama-50 kwakuyilabo ababenempilo engcono lapho beneminyaka engu-80.

Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ubudlelwano obuhle busenza sijabule, kodwa bane umphumela wangempela wokuvikela empilweni. Ngokuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana ubuhlungu Ngokwesibonelo “Imibhangqwana yethu yabesilisa nabesifazane ejabule kakhulu yabika, cishe iminyaka engu-80, ukuthi ngezinsuku lapho ubuhlungu obungokomzimba bukhulu kakhulu, imizwa yabo yayihlala ijabule. Kodwa abantu ababengajabule ebudlelwaneni babo, ngezinsuku ababika ngazo ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu bomzimba, kwenziwa kubi nakakhulu ubuhlungu obungokomzwelo. “

Ubudlelwano obuqinile abugcini nje ngokuvikela imizimba yethu, kunezela udokotela wengqondo "Ziphinde zivikele ubuchopho bethu". Phakathi kwabangu-724 ababambiqhaza bocwaningo, labo ababesebuhlotsheni obugculisayo babe ne Ma © moire “Cijile” Kude. Ngokuphambene “Labo ababethandana nomuzwa wokuthi abakwazi ukubala babona inkumbulo yabo incipha phambilini. ” 

Siyazi kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi ukuthi injabulo iyahlanganyela. Pho kungani sinobunzima obungaka bokusisebenzisa nsuku zonke? “Hhayi-ke singabantu. Esingathanda ukulungiswa kalula, into esingayithola engenza ukuphila kwethu kube kuhle. Ubudlelwano budidekile futhi buyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukunamathela emndenini nakubangane akuyona into ethandekayo noma ebukhazikhazi. "

Ekugcineni, udokotela wezifo zengqondo wakhetha ukucaphuna umlobi uMark Twain owasho encwadini eya kumngane wakhe, ngo-1886 “Asinaso isikhathi - impilo imfushane kakhulu - yokuxabana, ukuxolisa, inzondo nokuxazulula amaphuzu. Sinesikhathi sokuthanda kuphela futhi umzuzwana nje, ukusho kanjalo, ukukwenza. "