“Ubuvila bungukuqala kwakho konke okubi, umqhele wabo bonke ubuhle”, kubhala uFranz Kafka encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zansuku zonke ngo-1917. Eqinisweni, ukungenzi lutho ngokuvamile kubhekwa kabi emphakathini namuhla. Ngempela, kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungadingeki, ngisho nokuhlotshaniswa nobuvila. Futhi okwamanje! Ukungasebenzi, lapho ubuvila buthola umsuka wako we-etymological, kwakungesiGreki noma i-Roman Antiquity, kugcinelwe abantu ababenesikhathi sokuzilibazisa, ukwenza ezombangazwe nokukhuluma, ngisho nefilosofi. Futhi isiko lesikhathi samahhala lihlala namuhla, e-China, ubuciko beqiniso bokuphila. Imiphakathi yaseNtshonalanga nayo ibonakala iqala ukuthola kabusha izici zayo ezinhle, ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okungapheli: izazi zezenhlalo nezazi zefilosofi zize zibone ukungenzi lutho njengendlela yokulwa nokukhiqiza okwehlisa ubuntu.

Igama elithi "idleness", etymologically lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini “Ezokungcebeleka”, qoka “Isimo somuntu ophila ngaphandle komsebenzi futhi ongawutholi unomphela”, ngokwencazelo enikezwe isichazamazwi seLarousse. Ekuqaleni, kwakuphambene nalokho «Ibhizinisi», okwavela kulo igama elithi ukuphika, futhi laqoka umsebenzi onzima ogcinelwe izigqila, wezigaba eziphansi ezweni lamaRoma. Izakhamuzi zamaGreki namaRoma, ngaleso sikhathi ama-arterialocrats, zathola ngokusebenzisa i-otium ikhono lokubonisa, ukwenza ipolitiki, ukucabangela, ukufunda. OkwaThomas Hobbes, ngaphezu kwalokho, “Ubuvila ngumama wefilosofi”. 

Ngakho-ke, ngokwezikhathi nomongo, ukungenzi lutho kungaba yinani: umuntu ongenawo umsebenzi onzima angakwazi ukuzinikela ngokuphelele emsebenzini wamasiko noma wobuhlakani, njengaphakathi kwamaGreki namaRoma ase-Antiquity. . Kepha, emiphakathini yamanje engcwelisa umsebenzi, njengeyethu, ukungenzi lutho, okufana nokungenzi lutho, kunesithombe esingesihle, esihambisana nobuvila, ubuvila. Kube sekubonakala ubuvila, ngokwesisho esivame ukusetshenziswa, “Njengomama wabo bonke ububi”. Inikeza umuntu ongenzi lutho isithombe sokungabi nalusizo kwakhe njengomfanekiso.

Ubuvila, namuhla, buyavuselelwa, ikakhulukazi izazi zefilosofi ezithile zanamuhla nezanamuhla noma ososayensi bezenhlalo: ngakho-ke, kungaba yithuluzi lokulwa nokukhiqiza okwehlisa isithunzi. Futhi amandla ayo awagcini lapho: ukungenzi lutho kungakuvumela ukuthi uthathe ibanga elithile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwazi ukudala nokuthuthukisa imibono emisha. 

Izakhamizi futhi zithola lapho ithuba lokuthatha isinyathelo sokubuyela emuva, futhi zibone emandleni okuthatha isikhathi samahhala noma ngokuzindla, ifilosofi yempilo engaholela enjabulweni nasenjabulweni. Ezweni elithenjiswe ukushesha kanye nokwenza imisebenzi ngamarobhothi, ingabe ubuvila bungaba indlela entsha yokuphila, noma uhlobo lokumelana? Kuzodingeka futhi, kulokhu, ukulungiselela izakhamuzi zesikhathi esizayo kusukela zisencane le ndlela yokuphila enengqondo, ngoba njengoba uPaul Morand abhala ku-Wake-up call ngo-1937, “Ubuvila budinga izimfanelo eziningi njengomsebenzi; kudinga ukukhuliswa kwengqondo, umphefumulo namehlo, ukunambitheka kokuzindla namaphupho, ukuzola ”.

Nge Ukuxolisa kwabangenzi lutho, uRobert-Louis Stevenson uyabhala: "Ubuvila abukona ukwenza lutho, kodwa ukwenza okuningi okungaziwa ezinqubweni zokushisekela zesigaba esibusayo." Ngakho-ke, ukuzindla, ukuthandaza, ukucabanga, ngisho nokufunda, imisebenzi eminingi ngezinye izikhathi ehlulelwa umphakathi njengeyize, ingadinga izici ezinhle eziningi njengomsebenzi: futhi lolu hlobo lokungenzi lutho lungadinga, njengoba uPaul Morand esho, “Ukukhuliswa kwengqondo, umphefumulo namehlo, ukunambitheka kokuzindla namaphupho, ukuzola”.

“Umuntu uyakudinga ngempela ukuphila nesikhathi ukuze angenzi lutho. Sisesigulo esihlobene nomsebenzi, lapho noma ngubani ongenzi lutho empeleni engumuntu ovilaphayo ”, kusho uPierre Rabhi. Kodwa nokho, ngisho nezifundo zesayensi ziyakubonisa: uma kulindile, kumodi yokumisa isikhashana, ubuchopho buyakhiwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho sivumela ingqondo yethu ukuba izule, ngaphandle kokugxilisa ukunaka kwethu, lokhu kuhambisana negagasi elikhulu lomsebenzi engqondweni yethu elibese lidla cishe u-80% wamandla osuku: yilokhu okwatholwa ngo-1996 umcwaningi uBharat Biswal, waseNyuvesi. yaseWisconsin.

Kodwa-ke, lesi sizinda somsebenzi wobuchopho, ngokungabikho kwanoma yikuphi ukukhuthazwa, senza sikwazi ukuvumelanisa imisebenzi yezifunda ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho bethu, ngesikhathi siphapheme nangesikhathi silele. “Amandla amnyama obuchopho bethu, (okungukuthi, uma ikwimodi yokusebenza emisiwe), kukhombisa uJean-Claude Ameisen encwadini yakhe I-Les Beats du temps, yondla izinkumbulo zethu, amaphupho ethu emini, imizwelo yethu, ukuqonda kwethu okungenangqondo kwencazelo yobukhona bethu ”.

Ngokunjalo, ukuzindla, okuhlose ukugxila kuye, empeleni kuyinkqubo esebenzayo, lapho umuntu elawula imizwa yakhe, imicabango yakhe… futhi lapho ukuhlanganiswa kobuchopho kulungiswa khona. Okwe-psychologist-psychotherapist u-Isabelle Célestin-Lhopiteau, okushiwo kuSayensi et Avenir, Méditer, “Kuwukwenza umsebenzi wokuba khona kuwena onobubanzi bokwelapha”. Futhi ngempela, ngenkathi "Isikhathi esiningi, sigxile ekusaseni (okungenzeka kwenzeke) noma sikhanyisa okwedlule, ukuzindla ukubuyela esikhathini samanje, ukuphuma ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo, ekwahluleleni".

Ukuzindla kukhulisa ukuphuma kwamagagasi obuchopho ahambisana nokuphumula okujulile nokuvuka okuzolile kuma-novices. Kochwepheshe, amagagasi amaningi ahlotshaniswa nomsebenzi onzima wengqondo kanye nokuvuka okusebenzayo avela. Ukuzindla kungadala ngisho namandla okwenza imizwa eyakhayo ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili zobuchopho ziguqulwa ngokuzijwayeza njalo ukuzindla, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuqwashisa umzimba, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkumbulo, ukuzazi kanye nemizwelo.

Ukwazi ukuyeka, ukuhlakulela ubuvila: ubuhle, okungukuthi, eChina, bubhekwa njengokuhlakanipha. Futhi besizoba, ngokusho kwesazi sefilosofi uChristine Cayol, umbhali we Kungani amaShayina enesikhathis, kuningi ongakuzuza “Ukusinika isiyalo sangempela sesikhathi samahhala”. Ngakho-ke kufanele sifunde ukuthatha isikhathi, sibeke ezethu izikhathi ezimpilweni zethu ezivame ukusebenza ngokweqile, sihlakulele isikhathi sethu samahhala njengengadi ...

NjengoJenene de Gaulle ngokwakhe, owazinika isikhathi sokuma, ukuhamba nekati lakhe noma ukuze aphumelele, futhi owaze wakubona kubi ukuthi abanye ababambisene naye abalokothi bayeke. "Impilo ayisebenzi: ukusebenza ngokungapheli kukuhlanyisa", kugomela uCharles de Gaulle.

Ikakhulukazi njengoba isithukuthezi, ngokwaso, sinezici zaso ezinhle ... Asiphindaphindi njalo ukuthi kuhle ukuvumela izingane zicikeke? Kucashunwe ku- Ijenali Yabesifazane, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uStephan Valentin siyachaza: “Isizungu sibaluleke kakhulu futhi kumele sibe nendawo yaso empilweni yansuku zonke yezingane. Kuyinto ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo, ikakhulukazi ekwakheni nasekudlaleni mahhala. "

Ngakho, ingane enesithukuthezi ibhekana nezisusa zayo zangaphakathi esikhundleni sokuncika ekushukumiseni kwangaphandle, nakho okuvame kakhulu, noma kuningi kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi esiyigugu lapho ingane ibhorekile, sikhombisa futhi uStephan Valentin, “Izomvumela ukuthi abhekane naye futhi acabange ngemisebenzi. Lokhu kuzwakala kuyize kuzoguqulwa kube imidlalo emisha, imisebenzi, imibono… ”.

Kuthiwani uma ukungenzi lutho bekuyindlela yenjabulo? Uma ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlukanisa kanjani nokuntula isineke kwanamuhla kwakuyisihluthulelo sempilo ejabulisayo, indlela eya enjabulweni elula? U-Hermann Hesse, ku-Art of Idleness (2007), uyagxeka: “Singazisola ngokuthi iziphazamiso zethu ezincane sezinesikhathi eside zithintwa ukuphelelwa isineke kwesimanje. Indlela yethu yokuzijabulisa icishe ingabi nakushisa futhi ikhathaze njengokwenza umsebenzi wethu. ” UHermann Hesse uphinde aveze lokho ngokuthobela lesi siqubulo esiyalayo "Ukwenza okuningi ngesikhathi esincane", ukuthokoza kuyancipha, yize ukwanda kwezokuzijabulisa. Isazi sefilosofi u-Alain naye uya ngale ndlela, owabhala ngo-1928 kweyakhe Mayelana nenjabulo ukuthi "Iphutha elikhulu lesikhathi sethu ukufuna isivinini kukho konke".

Ukwazi ukuma, zinike isikhathi sokuzindla, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, ukuthula. Ngisho, lokho kokuthandaza, okuwuhlobo oluthile lwe"Ukucabanga kokungenzi lutho"… Ukuzikhulula ekuphuthumeni, sizikhulula kulolu hlobo lobugqila besimanje imiphakathi yethu exhumeke kakhulu iba yilo, lapho ubuchopho bethu buhlala bucelwa khona ubuchwepheshe be-digital, ukuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nemidlalo yevidiyo: konke lokhu futhi kudinga imfundo ethile yefomu. Kwimodeli entsha yomphakathi, isibonelo, lapho imali yokuziphilisa yomhlaba wonke izovumela labo abafisa ukungenzi lutho kunokuba babanjwe obishini "Ijubane eliqeda imishini futhi lidla amandla, okwenza abantu bamangale" (Alain), injabulo entsha engeyomphakathi kanye nomuntu ngamunye ingavela. 

Ukuphetha, besingeke yini sicaphune uMarcel Proust, owabhala kuJournées de lecture: “Kungenzeka zingabi khona izinsuku ebuntwaneni bethu ukuthi siphile ngokugcwele njengalezo ebesicabanga ukuthi sizishiye singaziphilelanga, lezo esizichithe nencwadi esiyithandayo. Yonke into, okwakubonakala sengathi iyabafeza abanye, futhi sayichitha njengesithiyo esingajabulisi senjabulo yaphezulu… “