Ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo, noma ukwelapha okusizwa yizilwane, kuwuhlelo oluhlelekile lokungenelela noma ukunakekelwa umelaphi alunikeza isiguli sakhe, ngosizo noma phambi kwesilwane. Ihlose ukulondoloza noma ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu abahlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ngokwengqondo noma kwezenhlalo.

Ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuhlukile kulokho okubizwa nge-animal assisted activities (AAA) okuhloswe kakhulu ukugqugquzela, ukufundisa noma ukujabulisa abantu. Ngokungafani nokwelashwa kwezilwane, i-AAA, eyenziwa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene (ukwelapha, isikole, ijele noma okunye), ayinazo izinhloso eziqondile zokwelapha, ngisho noma zinenzuzo empilweni. Nakuba abanye odokotela be-AAA bengochwepheshe bezempilo, lesi akusona isiqu esibalulekile, njengoba kunjalo ngokwelashwa kwezilwane.

Izimiso eziyinhloko

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi abaningana, amandla okwelapha okwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo asuka ebudlelwaneni babantu nesilwane obunomthelela ekwandiseni ukuzethemba kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo, njengalezo zokuzizwa sithandwa “ngaphandle kwemibandela”, ukuze sizizwe siwusizo. , Ukuba nokuxhumana nemvelo, njll.

Njengoba kunikezwe uzwela oluzenzakalelayo abantu abaningi abanalo ngezilwane, ukuba khona kwazo kubhekwa njengento ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ukusekelwa kokuziphatha ukuze unqobe umzuzu onzima (njengokushonelwa), kanye nendlela yokuphuma ukuzehlukanisa futhi ukhulume imizwa yakho. .

Kukholakala futhi ukuthi ukuba khona kwesilwane kunomphumela we-catalytic3 ongasiza ekuguquleni ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye futhi usebenze njengethuluzi lokuqagela. Isibonelo, njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwengqondo, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu obona ukudabuka noma intukuthelo ekubukeni kwesilwane empeleni uveza imizwa yakhe yangaphakathi kuso.

Ekwelapheni kwezilwane, inja ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokulalela, ukukhululeka kokuyihambisa nokuyiqeqesha, futhi ngoba ngokuvamile abantu banesihawu ngalesi silwane. Kodwa-ke, ungasebenzisa kalula inhlanzi yegolide njengekati, izilwane zasemapulazini (inkomo, ingulube, njll.) noma ufudu! Kuye ngezidingo ze-zootherapist, ezinye izilwane zifunda ukunyakaza okuthile noma ukuphendula imiyalo ethile.

Iqiniso lokuba nesilwane alikhulumi ngokuqinile ukwelashwa kwezilwane. Sibhekana nakho konke okufanayo kuleli shidi njengoba izifundo eziningi zibonise izinzuzo lokhu okungaba nazo empilweni: ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ukutakula okungcono ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwehla komfutho wegazi, umbono onethemba lokuphila, ukuhlalisana okungcono, njll.

Kunezindaba ezingenakubalwa zezilwane, ezifuywayo nezasendle, - kusukela ezinjeni kuye kuma-gorilla, kusukela kuma-seagull kuya ezindlovu - ezithole abantu futhi zasindisa izimpilo ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona okwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kukhonani. uye waphusha. Sikhuluma ngokwandiswa komzwelo ongokwemvelo wokusinda, wothando olungaguquki “ngenkosi” yabo ngisho nokuthile okungase kusondele nakakhulu ngokomoya.

Kubantu abaningi, ukuba khona kwesilwane esifuywayo kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yempilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo4-13. Kusukela ekuphumuleni okulula kuya ekunciphiseni kokucindezeleka okukhulu, okuhlanganisa ukusekelwa komphakathi kanye nokululama okungcono kwangemva kokuhlinzwa, izinzuzo ziningi.

Khuthaza ukusebenzisana kwabahlanganyeli

Ukuba khona kwenja phakathi neseshini yokwelapha yeqembu kungakhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli16. Abacwaningi bafunde ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo kweqembu lamadoda amadala angama-36 abamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yamasonto onke eyihora elingu-½ amasonto ama-4. Inja yayikhona ingxenye yesikhathi semihlangano. Ukuba khona kwesilwane kwandise ukuxhumana ngamazwi phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, futhi kwathanda ukufakwa kwesimo sezulu sokunethezeka nokuxhumana komphakathi.

Nciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi ukhuthaze ukuphumula

Kubonakala sengathi ukuxhumana nesilwane nje noma ukubuka nje inhlanzi yegolide ku-aquarium yayo kunomphumela opholile futhi oduduzayo. Lokhu kungathinta kokubili impilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo. Ucwaningo oluningana lubike ngezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nokuba khona kwesilwane esifuywayo. Phakathi kokunye, iye yaphawula imiphumela emihle ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukucindezeleka okuncishisiwe, umfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nesimo sengqondo esithuthukisiwe. Abantu abaningi abanokucindezeleka, ngombono nje wokuyobona isilwane abasithandayo, bayakhuthazeka. Imiphumela yocwaningo ngomthelela kwezenhlalo wesilwane esifuywayo esimweni somndeni ikhombisa ukuthi isilwane sihlanganisa amalungu omndeni ndawonye. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuba khona kwesilwane kungaba yisikhuthazo esisebenzayo sokuhlala sisesimweni, sinciphise ukukhathazeka nezimo ezicindezelayo, futhi sithuthukise ikhono lazo lokugxilisa ingqondo.

Ukubamba iqhaza enhlalakahleni yabantu abadala abahlushwa ukucindezeleka noma isizungu

E-Italy, isifundo sikhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesilwane kungaba nemiphumela ezuzisayo enhlalakahleni yasebekhulile engokwengqondo. Eqinisweni, izikhathi zokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo zisize ukunciphisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo nesimo sengqondo sabahlanganyeli. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesilwane kungasiza ekunciphiseni imizwa yokuba nesizungu kubantu abadala abahlala emakhaya okunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Umfutho wegazi ophansi obangelwa yingcindezi

Ucwaningo olumbalwa luzamile ukukhombisa umphumela wokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kumfutho wegazi. Bagxile ezifundweni ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nabanye abanomfutho wegazi ojwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye, izihloko ezizuza ngokuba khona kwesilwane zinomfutho wegazi ophansi kanye nenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa manani ayisisekelo anda kancane ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebangelwa, futhi amazinga abuyela kokujwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kwengcindezi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela elinganisiwe ayiyona enkulu kakhulu.

Faka isandla enhlalakahleni yabantu abane-schizophrenia

Ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungasiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu abane-schizophrenia. Ocwaningweni lwabantu abane-schizophrenia engapheli, ukuba khona kwenja ngezikhathi zomsebenzi ohleliwe kwehlisa i-anhedonia (ukulahlekelwa ukuthinteka okubonakaliswa ukungakwazi ukuzwa ubumnandi) futhi kwakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwesikhathi samahhala. Olunye ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi amasonto angu-12 okwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo angaba nemiphumela emihle ekuzethembeni, amakhono okubhekana nesimo, kanye nezinga lempilo. Omunye uthole ukuthuthuka okucacile kwezenhlalo17.

Thuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu abalaliswe esibhedlela

Ngo-2008, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungasiza ekudaleni izindawo zokwelapha ezilungile41. Kungakhuthaza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuvumelana okuthile komzimba nengqondo, kuvumela ubunzima besimo ukuba bukhohlwe isikhashana futhi kunciphise umbono wobuhlungu.

Ngo-2009, olunye ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuvakashela isilwane, ababambiqhaza ngokuvamile bazizwa bezolile, bekhululekile futhi bejabule. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kunganciphisa uvalo, ukukhathazeka, futhi kuthuthukise isimo sengqondo seziguli ezisesibhedlela. Imiphumela emihle efanayo yabonakala ocwaningweni lwabesifazane abanomdlavuza abathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Thuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi noma i-Alzheimer's

Ngo-2008, ukubuyekezwa okubili okuhlelekile kwabonisa ukuthi ukwelapha izilwane ezifuywayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuyaluza kubantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's. Nokho, lezi zinzuzo zizophela ngokushesha nje lapho ukuvakasha kwesilwane kuphazamiseka.

Ngo-2002, imiphumela yolunye ucwaningo yabonisa ukuzuza kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kokudla okunomsoco phakathi namaviki angu-6 okuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubikwe ukwehla kokuthathwa kwezithako zokudla okunomsoco.

Nciphisa ubuhlungu nokwesaba phakathi nezinqubo zezokwelapha

Ucwaningo oluncane olubili lwenziwa ezinganeni ezincane ezilaliswe esibhedlela ngo-2006 nango-2008. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukwelapha ngezilwane kungase kube umsizi othakazelisayo ekwelashweni okuvamile kokulawula ubuhlungu bangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlolwa okuncane komtholampilo okwenziwa ngo-2003 kwazama ukukhombisa imiphumela enenzuzo yokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezigulini ezingama-35 ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi ezidinga ukwelashwa kwe-electroconvulsive. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa, babevakashelwa inja nomphathi wayo noma bafunde omagazini. Ukuba khona kwenja bekuzokwehlisa ukwesaba ngo-37% ngokwesilinganiso uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo.

Uchwepheshe

I-zootherapist iyingqapheli ebukhali. Kumelwe abe nomqondo omuhle wokuhlaziya futhi anake isiguli sakhe. Uvame ukusebenza ezibhedlela, ezindlini zomhlalaphansi, ezikhungweni zokuboshwa…

Inkambo yeseshini

Ngokuvamile; udokotela wezilwane uxoxa nesiguli sakhe ukuze abone izinjongo nenkinga okufanele ilashwe. Iseshini ithatha cishe ihora eli-1 lapho imisebenzi ingahluka kakhulu: ukuxubha, ukufundisa, ukuhamba ... I-zootherapist izozama ukufunda ngemizwa yesiguli sakhe futhi isisize ukuveza imizwa yaso.

Iba i-zootherapist

Njengoba isihloko se-zootherapist singavikelekile noma singaqashelwa ngokomthetho, kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa ama-zootherapist kwezinye izinhlobo zezisebenzi emisebenzini yokusiza izilwane. Ngokuvamile kuqashelwa ukuthi i-zootherapist kufanele ekuqaleni ibe nokuqeqeshwa emkhakheni wezempilo noma ubudlelwano bokusiza (ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi, imithi, i-physiotherapy, ukuvuselela ukusebenza, ukwelapha emsebenzini, ukubhucungwa, ukubhucungwa kwengqondo, ingqondo, ukwelapha inkulumo, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle, njll. . ). Kufanele futhi abe nolwazi olukhethekile olumvumela ukuthi angenele esebenzisa izilwane. Ngokwabo, abasebenzi be-AAA (imvamisa amavolontiya) abajwayele ukuqeqeshwa ekwelashweni kwezilwane, kuyilapho “ama-zooanimateurs” eqeqeshwa ekuziphatheni kwezilwane, ngaphandle kokuba ngabasebenzi bezempilo.

Contraindications yokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo

Imiphumela emihle yokuba khona kwezilwane idlula kude le mibi engaba khona. Nakuba amacala okudluliswa kwezifo engavamile, kusenezinyathelo ezithile okufanele zithathwe44.

• Okokuqala, ukuze ugweme ukuba khona kwama-parasites noma ama-zoonoses (izifo zezilwane ezingadluliselwa kubantu), kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuhlanzeka kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isilwane sigadwa njalo ngudokotela wezilwane.
• Okwesibili, kunikezwe amathuba okusabela kwe-allergenic, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lwesilwane ngokucophelela futhi ugcine indawo yaso ihlanzekile.
• Okokugcina, ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezinjengokulunywa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ziqeqeshwe kahle futhi zithola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele.

Imibhalo yokuqala2 ekusetshenzisweni kokwelashwa kwezilwane ikhombisa ukuthi izilwane zasepulazini zazisetshenziswa njengezindlela zokwengeza ezigulini ezinenkinga yokugula kwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ngabahlengikazi abenza lo mkhuba endaweni yasesibhedlela. UFlorence Nightingale, umsunguli wezindlela zobuhlengikazi zesimanje, wayengomunye wamavulandlela ekusebenziseni izilwane ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphila kweziguli. Phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea (1854-1856), wagcina ufudu esibhedlela ngoba wayazi, ngokubona ukuziphatha kwezilwane kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe, ukuthi zinamandla okududuza abantu nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwazo.

Umnikelo wakhe ubonwe ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo waseMelika uBoris M. Levinson, othathwa njengobaba wokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950, wayengomunye wabokuqala ukubika ukufaneleka kokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Namuhla, i-zootherapy kanye nemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukuba khona kwesilwane kutholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha.