Okuqukethwe
Lugujwa nini uSuku Lomhlaba Lwe-TB ngo-2023?
Usuku Lomhlaba Lwe-TB lwango-2023 luzoqala Mashi 24. Usuku lunqunyiwe. Aluthathwa njengosuku olubomvu ekhalendeni, kodwa ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwaziseni umphakathi ngobucayi besifo kanye nesidingo sokulwa naso.
umlando weholide
Ngo-1982, i-WHO yasungula i-World Tuberculosis Day. Usuku lwalo mcimbi alukhethwanga ngenhlanhla.
Ngo-1882, isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseJalimane uRobert Koch sathola i-agent causative yesifo sofuba, esasibizwa ngokuthi i-bacillus ka-Koch. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-17 yocwaningo lwaselabhorethri, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthatha igxathu eliya phambili ekuqondeni uhlobo lwalesi sifo nokuhlonza izindlela zokwelashwa kwaso. Futhi ngo-1887, isikhungo sokuqala sofuba savulwa.
Ngo-1890, uRobert Koch wathola i-extract of tuberculosis amasiko - i-tuberculin. Engqungqutheleni yezokwelapha, wamemezela umphumela wokuvimbela futhi, mhlawumbe, umphumela wokwelapha we-tuberculin. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ezilwaneni zokuhlola, kanye nakuye nomsizi wakhe, okwathi, ngendlela, kamuva waba umkakhe.
Ngenxa yalokhu nokunye okutholakele, ngo-1921, umntwana osanda kuzalwa wagonyelwa i-BCG okokuqala ngqa. Lokhu kwasebenza njengokuncishiswa kancane kancane kwezifo eziningi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugonywa isikhathi eside kwesifo sofuba.
Naphezu kwempumelelo enkulu ekuhlonzweni nasekulashweni kwalesi sifo, kusengenye yezifo eziyingozi ezidinga ukwelashwa okubucayi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
Amasiko amaholide
NgoSuku Lwe-TB lwango-2023, kuba nemicimbi evulekile Ezweni Lethu emitholampilo nasezibhedlela, lapho abantu bekwaziswa khona izici zesifo nezindlela zokwelapha. Ukunyakaza kwamavolontiya kusabalalisa amapheshana nezincwajana ezinolwazi olubalulekile. Izingqungquthela zihlelwa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nezemfundo, lapho kukhulunywa khona ngesidingo sokuvikela lesi sifo ukuze sigweme ukubhebhetheka kwaso. Imiqhudelwano ibanjelwa iphephandaba elingcono kakhulu lodonga, izixuku ze-flash nokukhushulwa.
Into esemqoka ngalesi sifo
Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-mycobacteria. Ikakhulukazi kukhona isilonda samaphaphu, kancane kancane kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana nokunqotshwa kwezicubu zamathambo, amalunga, isikhumba, izitho ze-genitourinary, amehlo. Lesi sifo savela kudala futhi sasivame kakhulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa izinsalela ezitholakele ze-Stone Age ngezinguquko zofuba ezicutshini zamathambo. U-Hippocrates ubuye wachaza izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zesifo ngokuphuma kwegazi emaphashini, ukukhathala okukhulu komzimba, ukukhwehlela nokukhululwa kwenani elikhulu lesikhwehlela, nokudakwa okukhulu.
Njengoba isifo sofuba, ezikhathini zasendulo esasibizwa ngokuthi ukudliwa, siyathelelana, kwakunomthetho waseBhabhiloni owawukuvumela ukuba uhlukanise nomfazi ogulayo owangenwa isifo sofuba samaphaphu. E-India, umthetho wawufuna kubikwe zonke izigameko zokugula.
Isakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi ahamba emoyeni, kodwa kunethuba lokutheleleka ngezinto zesiguli, ngokudla (ubisi lwesilwane esigulayo, amaqanda).
Iqembu labasengozini lihlanganisa izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, iziguli ezine-AIDS kanye ne-HIV. Uma umuntu ehlangabezana ne-hypothermia evamile, ehlala ekamelweni elimanzi, elingashisi kahle, amathuba okusabalalisa lesi sifo nawo aphezulu.
Ngokuvamile isifo sofuba asizibonakalisi ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngokubonakala kwezibonakaliso ezicacile, ingakwazi kakade ukuthuthukisa ngamandla kanye nokuyinhloko, futhi lapho kungabikho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, umphumela obulalayo awunakugwemeka.
Kulokhu, ukuvimbela okungcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha konyaka kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-fluorographic. Ukugcina impilo enempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuhamba emoyeni omusha akuzona izingxenye ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo. Ngokuqondene nezingane, njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kuyisiko ukuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zigonywe nge-BCG uma kungekho contraindication, bese kuthi ngonyaka zenze ukusabela kwe-Mantoux ukuthola lesi sifo zisencane.
Amaqiniso amahlanu ngesifo sofuba
- Isifo sofuba singesinye sezimbangela eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zokufa emhlabeni.
- Ngokwe-WHO, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu emhlabeni inesifo sofuba esibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa ingxenye encane yalaba bantu iyagula.
- Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, i-bacillus ye-Koch ifunde ukuguquka futhi namuhla kunesifo sofuba esimelana nemithi eminingi.
- Lesi sifo sibhujiswa kanzima kakhulu futhi eside. Kudingeka ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.
- Uprofesa waseMelika uSebastien Gan nethimba lakhe bathola ukuthi kunamaqembu ayisithupha ezinhlobo zegciwane, ngalinye elizibonakalisa engxenyeni ethile yomhlaba futhi liboshelwe endaweni ethile. Ngakho-ke, uprofesa wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukuze ulwe ngokuphumelelayo nalesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa imithi yokugoma ngayinye yeqembu elihlonziwe lezinhlobo.