Kungani ingane ekhubazekile kufanele iye esikoleni esivamile?

Kungani sidinga isikole

Tanya Solovieva waya esikoleni eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Unina, uNatalia, wayeqiniseka ukuthi naphezu kokuxilongwa kwe-spina bifida nokuhlinzwa kaningi ezinyaweni nomgogodla, indodakazi yakhe kufanele ifunde nezinye izingane.

Njengesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esifundisayo, uNatalia wayazi ukuthi imfundo yasekhaya yayingase iholele ekuzihlukaniseni nomphakathi kanye nokuntuleka kwamakhono okuxhumana enganeni. Wabona izingane zifunda ekhaya futhi wabona ukuthi zingakutholi kangakanani: isipiliyoni sokusebenzisana, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ithuba lokuzibonakalisa, umzabalazo wokuhluleka namaphutha.

“Ububi obuyinhloko bokufunda ekhaya ukungakwazi kwengane ukuhlalisana ngokugcwele,” kusho u-Anton Anpilov, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, uchwepheshe oholayo weSpina Bifida Foundation. - Socialization inikeza ithuba lokuxhumana. Umuntu onamakhono okuxhumana angathuthukisiwe akaqondile kahle ebudlelwaneni nemizwa, akakuqondi kahle ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu, noma uvele ashaye indiva izimpawu zomlomo nezingakhulumi ezivela kwabakhulumelayo. Izinga eliphansi lokuhlalisana ebuntwaneni lizoholela ekuhlukaniseni abantu abadala, okunomthelela omubi engqondweni yomuntu.” 

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ingane ayidingi isikole ukuze ithole imfundo enhle. Isikole ngokuyinhloko sifundisa ikhono lokufunda: amasu okufunda, ukuphatha isikhathi, ukwamukela amaphutha, ukugxilisa ingqondo. Ukufunda isipiliyoni sokunqoba izithiyo, hhayi ukuthola ulwazi olusha. Futhi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi izingane zikwazi ukuzimela.

Ngakho, isikole silolonga ikusasa lezingane. Esikoleni, bathola ulwazi lokuxhumana, bahlele umsebenzi wabo, bafunde ukuphatha kahle izinsiza, ukwakha ubudlelwano, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuzethemba.

Ikhaya lingcono kakhulu?

UTanya uyazi kokwakhe ukuthi isikole sasekhaya sinaziphi izinkinga. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uTanya wayengakwazi ukuma noma ukuhlala, wayekwazi ukucambalala, futhi kwakudingeka ahlale ekhaya. Ngakho, isibonelo, intombazane ayikwazanga ukuya ebangeni lokuqala ngokushesha. Ngo-Agasti walowo nyaka, unyawo lwakhe lwavuvuka - okunye ukuphinda, ukuvuvukala kwe-calcaneus. Ukwelashwa nokululama kwathatha unyaka wonke wokufunda.

Babengafuni nokumvumela uTanya ukuthi aye kulayini wesikole ngo-September 1, kodwa uNatalya wakwazi ukuncenga udokotela. Ngemva kolayini, uTanya wabuyela ewodini ngokushesha. Wabe esedluliselwa kwesinye isibhedlela, wabe esedluliselwa kwesesithathu. Ngo-October, uTanya wahlolwa eMoscow, futhi ngo-November wahlinzwa futhi wafakwa ukhonkolo emlenzeni wakhe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Sonke lesi sikhathi ubefunda ekhaya. Ebusika kuphela lapho intombazane yayikwazi ukuya emakilasini ekilasini, lapho unina ayeyiyisa esikoleni ngesihlibhi eqhweni.

Isikole sasekhaya senzeka ntambama, futhi ngaleso sikhathi othisha bafika bekhathele ngemva kwezifundo. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi uthisha akezi nhlobo - ngenxa yeseluleko sokufundisa kanye nezinye izenzakalo.

Konke lokhu kwathinta izinga lemfundo kaTanya. Ngesikhathi le ntombazane ifunda amabanga aphansi, kwaba lula ngoba yayihanjelwa uthisha oyedwa futhi ifundisa zonke izifundo. Ngesikhathi uTanya esafunda esikoleni esiphakeme, isimo saba sibi nakakhulu. Kwafika uthisha kuphela wolimi nezincwadi zesiRashiya, kanye nothisha wezibalo. Abanye othisha bazame ukubalekela "izifundo" zemizuzu engu-15 ku-Skype.

Konke lokhu kwenza uTanya wafuna ukubuyela esikoleni ngesikhathi sokuqala. Wayebakhumbula othisha bakhe, uthisha wekilasi lakhe, izingane afunda nazo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, walahlekelwa ithuba lokuxhumana nontanga, ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yangaphandle, ukuba yingxenye yeqembu.

Ukulungiselela isikole

Esebancane besikole, uTanya watholakala ebambezelekile ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo. Ngemva kokuvakashela ochwepheshe abaningi, uNataliya watshelwa ukuthi uTanya wayengeke akwazi ukufunda esikoleni esivamile. Kodwa lona wesifazane wanquma ukunikeza indodakazi yakhe amathuba esiphezulu okuthuthukisa.

Ngaleyo minyaka, yayingekho imidlalo yokufundisa nezinto zokwakha zezingane ezikhubazekile nabazali bazo ekufinyeleleni mahhala. Ngakho-ke, Natalia, njengoba uthisha-psychologist, wasungula izindlela ukulungiselela Tanya esikoleni. Uphinde wathatha indodakazi yakhe wayiyisa eqenjini labathuthukisi esikhungweni ukuze ithole imfundo eyengeziwe. UTanya akazange ayiswe enkulisa ngenxa yokugula kwakhe.

Ngokuka-Anton Anpilov, ukuhlalisana kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka: “Lapho ingane isencane, isithombe sayo somhlaba siyakhiwa. Kudingekile "ukuqeqesha amakati", okungukuthi ukuvakashela izinkundla zokudlala kanye nezinkulisa, imibuthano ehlukahlukene kanye nezifundo, ukuze ingane ilungele ukuya esikoleni. Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nezinye izingane, ingane izofunda ukubona amandla nobuthakathaka bakhe, ukubamba iqhaza ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisana kwabantu (ukudlala, ubungane, ukungqubuzana). Lapho ingane ithola okuhlangenwe nakho okwengeziwe lapho ifika esikoleni sasenkulisa, kuyoba lula ngayo ukujwayela ukuphila kwesikole.”

Umsubathi, umfundi omuhle kakhulu, ubuhle

Imizamo kaNatalia yaba yimpumelelo. Esikoleni, uTanya ngokushesha waba umfundi omuhle kakhulu futhi umfundi ongcono kakhulu ekilasini. Nokho, lapho intombazane ithola u-A, unina wayehlale engabaza, wayecabanga ukuthi othisha “badweba” amamaki, ngoba bemdabukela uTanya. Kodwa uTanya waqhubeka ethuthuka ezifundweni zakhe, ikakhulukazi ekufundeni izilimi. Izifundo ayezikhonzile kwakuyisiRashiya, izincwadi nesiNgisi.

Ngaphezu kokufunda, uTanya wabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yangaphandle - ukuhamba ngezinyawo, uhambo oluya kwamanye amadolobha, emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene, emicimbini yesikole nase-KVN. Lapho esemusha, uTanya wabhalisela ukucula, futhi wafunda i-badminton.

Naphezu kwemingcele yezempilo, uTanya wayehlale edlala ngamandla aphelele futhi wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni ye-parabadminton esigabeni esithi "ehambayo". Kodwa kanye, ngenxa yomlenze kaTanino onamathelisiwe, ukuhlanganyela emqhudelwaneni waseRussia e-parabadminton kwakusengozini. U-Tanya kwadingeka afunde ngokuphuthumayo isihlalo sabakhubazekile sezemidlalo. Ngenxa yalokho, wabamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wabantu abadala waze wathola nendondo yethusi esigabeni sabahamba ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile. 

U-Natalya wayesekela indodakazi yakhe kukho konke futhi wayevame ukumtshela ukuthi: "Ukuphila ngokuzikhandla kuyathakazelisa." KwakunguNataliya owaletha uTanya enkundleni yemidlalo ukuze abambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi eyodwa. Umbono wakhe wawuwukuthi izingane ezingenazo imingcele yezempilo kanye nezingane ezikhubazekile zizocula esiteji. Khona-ke uTanya wayengafuni ukuya, kodwa uNataliya waphikelela. Ngenxa yalokho, intombazane yathanda ukudlala endaweni yaseshashalazini kangangokuthi yaqala ukuya studio yaseshashalazini. Ukudlala esiteji sekuyiphupho elikhulu likaTanya.

Kanye noNatalia, uTanya weza ku-All-Russian Society of the Disabled. Natalya wayefuna Tanya ukuxhumana nezinye izingane ezikhubazekile lapho, ukuya emakilasini. Kodwa uTanya, ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zokuhlela ividiyo, ngokushesha waba yilungu eliphelele leqembu.

Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, u-Tanya waba ophumelele esigabeni sikamasipala somncintiswano we-"Student of the Year-2016", kanye nomnqobi wobuqhawe kanye nomklomelo we-Badminton Championship yaseRussia phakathi kwabantu abane-PAD. Ukuphumelela kwendodakazi yakhe kwakhuthaza noNatalia - wawina indawo yokuqala esigabeni sesifunda somncintiswano othi "Educator-Psychologist of Russia - 2016".

«Indawo Efinyelelekayo» ayitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi

Nokho, uTanya wayenobunzima bokufunda esikoleni. Okokuqala, kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuya esikoleni. Okwesibili, isikole sikaTanya sasisesakhiweni esidala esakhiwe ngawo-50s, futhi kwakungekho "indawo okufinyeleleka kuyo" lapho. Ngenhlanhla, uNataliya wasebenza lapho futhi wakwazi ukusiza indodakazi yakhe ukuhambahamba esikoleni. UNatalya uyavuma: “Uma ngisebenza kwenye indawo, kwakuyodingeka ngiyeke, ngoba uTanya udinga ukusekelwa njalo.” 

Nakuba sekudlule iminyaka emihlanu kwamukelwa umthetho “wendawo okungeneka kuyo,” izikole eziningi azikalungiselelwa ukufundisa izingane ezikhubazekile. Ukuntuleka kwamarampu, amakheshi namakheshi, izindlu zangasese ezingahlonyiselwe abakhubazekile kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufunda kwezingane ezikhubazekile nabazali bazo. Ngisho nokuba khona komfundisi ezikoleni kuyivelakancane ngenxa yeholo elincane. Izikhungo zemfundo ezinkulu kuphela ezivela emadolobheni amakhulu ezinezinsiza zokwakha nokugcina "indawo efinyelelekayo" ephelele.

U-Anton Anpilov: “Ngeshwa, umthetho wokufinyeleleka kwezikole zezingane ezikhubazekile usadinga ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okukhona. Kuyadingeka ukwenza iziphetho futhi usebenze emaphutheni. Lesi simo asinathemba kubazali abaningi, bamane bengenandawo abangaya kuyo — kubonakala sengathi ingane ekhubazekile idinga ukuyiswa esikoleni, kodwa ayikho “indawo okufinyeleleka kuyo”. Isiyaphuma esandleni." 

Inkinga yokuntuleka "kwendawo okufinyeleleka kuyo" ezikoleni ingaxazululwa ngokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kwabazali abazophakamisa imithetho nezichibiyelo, bazikhuthaze kwabezindaba, futhi bahlele izingxoxo zomphakathi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo siqinisekile.

Ukuxhashazwa

Ukuxhashazwa esikoleni kuyinkinga enkulu izingane eziningi ezibhekana nazo. Noma yini ingaba yimbangela yenzondo yalabo ofunda nabo ekilasini — ubuzwe obuhlukile, ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, ukugcwala, ukungingiza ... Abantu abakhubazekile nabo bavame ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa, njengoba “okunye” kwabo kubantu abavamile kudonsa amehlo ngokushesha. 

Nokho, uTanya waba nenhlanhla. Wayezizwa ekhululekile esikoleni, othisha bamphatha ngokuqonda, ngenhlonipho nangothando. Nakuba kungebona bonke abafundi afunda nabo ababemthanda, abazange babonise ulaka olusobala nobutha. Kwakuwukufaneleka kukathisha wekilasi nabaphathi besikole.

UNatalya uthi: “UTanya wayengathandwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. - Okokuqala, wayengumfundi omuhle kakhulu, futhi izingane, njengomthetho, zinesimo sengqondo esibi maqondana "neziwula". Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba namalungelo akhethekile. Isibonelo, esikoleni sethu, ngenyanga yokuqala yehlobo, izingane kufanele zisebenze engadini yangaphambili - ukumba, ukutshala, amanzi, ukunakekela. UTanya akazange avunyelwe kulokhu ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, futhi ezinye izingane zacasuka. U-Natalya ukholelwa ukuthi uma uTanya ehamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile, izingane zizomhawukela futhi zimphathe kangcono. Nokho, uTanya wahamba ngezinduku, futhi wayenokhonkolo emlenzeni wakhe. Ngaphandle, wayebukeka njengomuntu ojwayelekile, ngakho ontanga yakhe babengaqondi ukuthi ukugula kwakhe kubi kangakanani. UTanya wazama ukufihla ukugula kwakhe ngokucophelela. 

"Uma ingane ibhekene nokuxhashazwa, idinga "ukuxoshwa" kulesi simo," u-Anton Anpilov ukholelwa. “Asikho isidingo sokwenza amasosha ngezingane, asikho isidingo sokubaphoqa ukuthi babekezele. Futhi, "ungadonsi" ingane esikoleni ngokumelene nentando yakhe. Akekho umuntu odinga isipiliyoni sokuxhashazwa, akusizi ngalutho enganeni noma kumuntu omdala. 

Lapho ingane iba isisulu sokuxhashazwa, okokuqala, abazali bayo akufanele bashalazele isimo. Kudingeka ngokushesha ukuyisa ingane kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, futhi futhi ukumsusa eqenjini lapho ehlangabezane khona nokuxhashazwa. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akufanele ubonise imizwa engemihle, umemeze, ukhale, utshele ingane ukuthi: "Awuzange ubhekane nakho." Kuphoqelekile ukutshela ingane ukuthi akulona iphutha layo.

Ikhaya lami aliseyona inqaba yami

Abaningi ababejwayelene noNatalia bazama ukuthumela izingane zabo ezikhubazekile esikoleni. “Zanele izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngoba ingane ayikwazi nje ukuyiswa esikoleni iqhubeke nomsebenzi wayo — kumele iyiswe emahhovisi, iphelezelwe iye endlini yangasese, iqaphe isimo sayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi abazali bakhetha imfundo yasekhaya. Futhi, abaningi bakhetha imfundo yasekhaya ngenxa yokungafakwa kwengane enqubweni yemfundo: ayikho indawo efinyelelekayo, izindlu zangasese ezihlomele abakhubazekile. Akuwona wonke umzali ongakwazi ukuyiphatha.”

Esinye isizathu esibalulekile esenza abazali bakhethe ukushiya izingane ezikhubazekile ekhaya isifiso sabo sokuvikela izingane eqinisweni «elinonya», kubantu «ababi». “Awukwazi ukusindisa ingane emhlabeni wangempela,” kusho u-Anton Anpilov. “Kufanele azazi ngokwakhe impilo futhi azivumelanise nayo. Singamqinisa umntwana, simlungiselele - ngenxa yalokhu sidinga ukubiza i-spade, sisebenze ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu, sikhulume naye ngokwethembeka nangokungagwegwesi.

Asikho isidingo sokumtshela izinganekwane mayelana nezici zakhe zempilo, isibonelo, tshela umfana ukuthi yizikhulu zangempela kuphela ezihamba ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile. Amanga azodalulwa ngokushesha noma kamuva, futhi ingane ngeke isabethemba abazali bayo.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sikholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukufundisa ingane ngezibonelo ezinhle, ukumtshela ngabantu abadumile abakhubazekile abaye bazuza impumelelo nokuqashelwa.

Mayelana noTanya, uNatalia wayezama njalo ukunamathela ezimisweni ezimbili: ukukhululeka nokungacunuli. U-Natalya wakhuluma nendodakazi yakhe ngezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi abazange babe nobunzima ekukhulumeni.

Njenganoma yimuphi umzali, u-Natalya wabhekana neminyaka yesikhashana kaTanya, lapho enza izenzo zokuxhamazela. U-Natalya ukholelwa ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo, abazali kudingeka bagcine imizwelo yabo futhi bangenzi lutho, bangaphazamisi ingane.

“Lapho isivunguvungu sesidlulile, kuningi okungafezwa ngezingxoxo ezingagwegwesi nezifundo eziyisibonelo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhuluma hhayi esikhundleni sobushiqela, kodwa ukunikeza usizo, ukuthola isizathu sokuthi kungani ingane yenza lokhu, "uqinisekile.

Namuhla

Manje uTanya uphothula eSaratov State University futhi uthola umsebenzi wokuba isazi sezilimi. “Ngifundela amamaki “amahle” kanye “namahle kakhulu,” ngibamba iqhaza emsebenzini weshashalazi yabafundi. Ngiphinde ngibambe iqhaza nakwenye imidlalo yeshashalazi eyimfundamakhwela. Ngiyacula, ngibhala izindaba. Okwamanje, nginezikhombisi-ndlela ezintathu engingaya kuzo ngemva kokuphothula enyuvesi - ngisebenze emkhakheni wami okhethekile, ngiqhubeke nezifundo zami ohlelweni lwe-masters nokungenela imfundo ephakeme yesibili enyuvesi yaseshashalazini. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi indlela yesithathu ayilona iqiniso njengezokuqala ezimbili, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sizame, ”kusho intombazane. U-Natalia uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka emsebenzini wakhe. Yena no-Tanya bayaqhubeka nokusebenza kusitudiyo sopopayi esenzelwe ukusiza imindeni enezingane ezikhubazekile.

Umzali uyilungiselela kanjani ingane ekhubazekile esikoleni

I-Spina Bifida Foundation isekela abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezine-congenital spinal hernia. Muva nje, isisekelo sidale i-Spina Bifida Institute yokuqala eRussia, ehlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-inthanethi kokubili ochwepheshe nabazali abanezingane ezikhubazekile. Kubazali, kwasungulwa inkambo ekhethekile yendawo yonke yezengqondo, ihlukaniswe yaba amabhlogo amaningana.

Isifundo siphakamisa izihloko ezibalulekile njengezinkinga ezihlobene neminyaka, ukulinganiselwa kwezokuxhumana kanye nezindlela zokuzinqoba, isenzakalo sokuziphatha okungafunwa, imidlalo yeminyaka ehlukene nezidingo zengane, insiza yomuntu siqu yabazali, ukuhlukana kanye ne-symbiosis yabazali nengane. .

Futhi, umbhali wezifundo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo se-Spina Bifida Foundation, u-Anton Anpilov, unikeza izincomo ezisebenzayo mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nengane ekhubazekile ngaphambi kwesikole, yini okufanele uyinake kakhulu, indlela yokukhetha isikole esifanele futhi unqobe okubi. izimo ezivela ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Le phrojekthi isetshenziswa ngokusekelwa yi-Absolut-Help Charitable Foundation kanye nozakwethu wezobuchwepheshe i-Med.Studio. 

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Umbhalo: Maria Shegay