Bengihlala ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abangabhemi abazwakalisa umbono wabo ongemuhle ngokubhema bangabantu abazikhukhumezayo nabangabekezeleli, futhi nami angizange ngiyeke ukubhema abangane ngikhona. Uma umuntu omdala enquma ukonakalisa impilo yakhe - lesi yisinqumo sakhe, ngeke ngidelele intuthu kagwayi wakhe. Muva nje, nokho, isimo sami sengqondo sesishintshe kakhulu, futhi ngiyajabula ukuthi umthetho ovimbela ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi uqale ukusebenza eRussia ehlobo eledlule.
Lo mthetho, owashaywa cishe eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, uvimbela ngokuphelele ukubhema kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi ezisendlini - ngokuya nge-WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Ubangele impikiswano enkulu nokuphikisana, kepha ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi angamukelwa kuphela. Ngangijabule kakhulu ukuthi izindawo zokudlela ekugcineni ziyeke ukubhema !!!
Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni YAMI, yize ngingabhemi. Njengoba ngisanda kufunda esifundweni sami esilandelayo sobuthi, imiphumela yokubhema kubantu ababhemayo ayingcono kakhulu kunokubhema. Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo, ngokwesibonelo, esifundazweni saseNew York *, futhi usuvele uthele izithelo, engizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi. Okwamanje, imininingwane embalwa mayelana nentuthu kagwayi.
* I-Indoor Air Cleanness Act ngumthetho ophelele waseNew York State owashaywa ngoJulayi 24, 2003 wokunqanda ukubhema ugwayi ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi nezizimele ezivalekile, okubandakanya imigoqo, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokubhowula. Kwashaywa umthetho wokwehlisa umthelela wentuthu kagwayi kubantu abangabhemi nakubantu abasebenza ezikhungweni zezinsizakalo.
Intuthu kagwayi iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali, itiyela, namagesi ahlukahlukene anobuthi. Inamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7000, angama-70 awo okufakazelwe ukuthi adala umdlavuza. Amaningi ala makhemikhali abuye abangele isifo senhliziyo nezinkinga zamaphaphu ezingabulala.
Intuthu ekhishwa ngumuntu obhemayo (esithombeni # 2) ihlangana nentuthu eseceleni (intuthu yenhlanganisela kagwayi evuthayo engadonswa - esithombeni # 1) nentuthu yomlilo ongaphandle kogwayi (esithombeni # 3) , futhi konke lokhu kuya emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo. Le yindlela esiqala ngayo ukubhema.
Iningi lamakhemikhali aqukethwe intuthu kagwayi akhishwa (ngokumangazayo) ngentuthu esedreamream (bheka itafula). Isibonelo, kukhona i-nicotine ephindwe kanambambili kunentuthu esedreamream kunentuthu ejwayelekile ekhishwa ngumuntu obhemayo. Futhi i-nicotine yisidakamizwa esidala ukubhema.
Umthelela wentuthu kagwayi kubantu abangabhemi ulinganiswa. Futhi kungancishiswa ngokuphawulekayo.
Yangihlaba umxhwele imininingwane engayizwa enkulumweni eBloomberg School of Public Health. UKenneth M. Aldous, umqondisi wesayensi yezemvelo nezempilo eWadsworth Centre, eMnyangweni Wezempilo eNew York City, ukhulume ngezifundo ezimbili ezazibheka intuthu kagwayi.
Ababhali bezocwaningo kwakudingeka bathole ukuthi isebenza kanjani umthetho ongabhemi waseNew York State, ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kuthinta kanjani amazinga e-cotinine angabhemi. Kwakuyileli khemikhali ematheni nasegazini lomuntu elalisebenza njenge-biomarker yokukala ukuvezwa kwentuthu kagwayi.
Ucwaningo lokuqala luhlolisise umthelela womthetho wokungabhemi kukahulumeni kubasebenzi bendawo yokudlela, okubandakanya labo basebenzi abayi-104 kanye nezakhamizi ezingaphezulu kuka-1600 esifundazweni.
Kubasebenzi abangabhemi ezikhungweni zezinsizakalo, izinga le-cotinine ezinyangeni eziyi-12 zokuvinjelwa kokubhema lehlile uma kuqhathaniswa namanani abonwe ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa, kusukela ku-3,6 kuya ku-0,8. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwalokhu kuvinjelwa. Futhi phakathi kwabantu abaningi, i-salivary cotinine yehle ngo-47% ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ucwaningo lwesibili lwenziwa eNew York City uqobo ngo-2007 njengengxenye yeNational Health and Nutrition Survey. Bekuhanjelwe cishe abantu abayi-1800. Esifundweni, kwabalwa ukuthi lo mthetho usize ukuvimbela cishe Izibhedlela ezingama-4000 ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kungakapheli unyaka wokuqala emva kokutholwa kwayo, okuholele phakathi kokunye, ukunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabantu baseNew York cishe ngama- $ 56 million.
Lokhu kanye nenani elikhulu lezinye izifundo emhlabeni jikelele ziqinisekisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani empilweni yomuntu ukwehlisa ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi. Ngokufika kwemithetho enjalo, impilo yethu iba ngcono, kwangathi ababhemayo bangangixolela :)))
Uma usabhema, kepha ufuna ukuyeka ukuze ungafani noCarrie :))), funda i-athikili yami ukuthola amathiphu wokuthi ungakwenza kanjani.