Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngokwesaba ukuthi endaweni ethile emhlabeni bangadla izinja, futhi ngokuqhaqhazela bakhumbula bebona izithombe zezinja ezifile zilenga ezingwegweni ezinesikhumba esimhlophe.
Yebo, ukucabanga ngakho nje kuyathusa futhi kuyacasula. Kodwa kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: kungani abantu bengacasuki ngendlela efanayo ngenxa yokubulawa kwezinye izilwane? Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, kuhlatshwa izingulube ezingaba yizigidi eziyikhulu unyaka ngamunye ukuze bathole inyama. Kungani lokhu kungavusi imibhikisho yomphakathi?
Impendulo ilula - ukuchema ngokomzwelo. Asihlanganisi ngokomzwelo nezingulube kangangokuthi ukuhlupheka kwazo kusithinta ngendlela efanayo nezinja ezihlupheka ngayo. Kodwa, njengoMelanie Joy, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezenhlalakahle kanye nochwepheshe "we-carnism", ukuthi sithanda izinja kodwa ukudla izingulube kuwubuzenzisi okungekho ukuthethelelwa okufanele kokuziphatha.
Akuvamile ukuzwa impikiswano yokuthi kufanele sizikhathalele kakhulu izinja ngenxa yokuhlakanipha kwazo okuphakeme kwezenhlalo. Le nkolelo iqhubeka ikhomba ukuthi abantu bachitha isikhathi esiningi bejwayelana nezinja kunezingulube. Abantu abaningi bagcina izinja njengezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi ngalobu buhlobo obuseduze nezinja, sesixhumene nazo ngokomzwelo ngakho-ke siyazinakekela. Kodwa ingabe izinja zihluke ngempela kwezinye izilwane abantu abajwayele ukuzidla?
Nakuba izinja nezingulube ngokusobala azifani, ziyefana ngezindlela eziningi ezibonakala zibalulekile kubantu abaningi. Banobuhlakani obufanayo bezenhlalo futhi baphila izimpilo ezingokomzwelo ngokulinganayo. Kokubili izinja nezingulube ziyakwazi ukubona izimpawu ezinikezwa abantu. Futhi-ke, amalungu azo zombili lezi zinhlobo ayakwazi ukuhlupheka futhi afise ukuphila impilo engenabuhlungu.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi izingulube zifanelwe ukuphathwa okufanayo nezinja. Kodwa kungani umhlaba ungajahi ukulwela amalungelo awo?
Abantu ngokuvamile ababoni ukungqubuzana kokucabanga kwabo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezilwaneni. Andrew Rowan, umqondisi weCenter for Animal Affairs and Public Policy eTufts University, wake wathi “okuwukuphela kokungaguquguquki endleleni abantu abacabanga ngayo ngezilwane ukuguquguquka.” Lesi sitatimende siya ngokuya sisekelwa ucwaningo olusha emkhakheni wezengqondo.
Ukungahambisani kwabantu kuzibonakalisa kanjani?
Okokuqala, abantu bavumela ithonya lezici ezingadingekile ekwahluleleni kwabo mayelana nesimo sokuziphatha sezilwane. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ngezinhliziyo zabo, hhayi ngamakhanda abo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwesinye, abantu banikezwa izithombe zezilwane zasemapulazini futhi bacelwa ukuba banqume ukuthi kubi kangakanani ukuzilimaza. Kodwa-ke, ababambiqhaza bebengazi ukuthi izithombe zibandakanya kokubili izingane (isb, izinkukhu) kanye nezilwane ezindala (izinkukhu esezikhulile).
Ngokuvamile abantu babethi kuyoba okungalungile kakhulu ukulimaza izilwane ezincane kunokulimaza izilwane ezindala. Kodwa kungani? Kwavela ukuthi izahlulelo ezinjalo zihlobene neqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezincane ezinhle zivusa umuzwa wokufudumala nobubele kubantu, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengakwenzi. Ubuhlakani besilwane abudlali indima kulokhu.
Nakuba le miphumela ingase ingamangalisi, ikhomba inkinga ebuhlotsheni bethu nokuziphatha. Ukuziphatha kwethu kulokhu kubonakala kulawulwa imizwelo engazi lutho kunokucabanga okulinganiselwe.
Okwesibili, asihambisani nokusebenzisa kwethu “amaqiniso”. Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ubufakazi buhlale busohlangothini lwethu—lokho izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezikubiza ngokuthi “ukuchema kokuqinisekisa.” Umuntu oyedwa wacelwa ukuba alinganisele izinga lakhe lesivumelwano noma ukungavumelani nohlu lwezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokudla imifino, okwakusukela ezinzuzweni zemvelo kuya enhlalakahleni yezilwane, izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nezezimali.
Abantu bekulindeleke ukuthi bakhulume ngezinzuzo zokudla imifino, basekele ezinye zezingxabano, kodwa hhayi zonke. Nokho, abantu abazange nje basekele inzuzo eyodwa noma ezimbili—bagunyaze zonke noma akukho neyodwa yazo. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu ngokuzenzakalelayo bagunyaze zonke izingxabano ezisekela iziphetho zabo ezisheshayo mayelana nokuthi kungcono yini ukudla inyama noma ukudla imifino.
Okwesithathu, sivumelana nezimo ekusebenziseni ulwazi ngezilwane. Esikhundleni sokucabangisisa ngezindaba noma amaqiniso, sithambekele ekusekeleni ubufakazi obusekela lokho esingathanda ukukukholelwa. Kolunye ucwaningo, abantu bacelwa ukuba bachaze ukuthi kungaba iphutha kangakanani ukudla esinye sezilwane ezintathu ezahlukene. Esinye isilwane sasiyinganekwane, isilwane esingaziwa abangakaze bahlangane naso; okwesibili kwakuyi-tapir, isilwane esingajwayelekile esingadliwa ngesiko labaphenduli; futhi ekugcineni ingulube.
Bonke ababambiqhaza bathole ulwazi olufanayo mayelana namakhono obuhlakani nawokuqonda ezilwane. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu baphendula ngokuthi kungaba okungalungile ukubulala umfokazi kanye ne-tapir ukuze bathole ukudla. Ngengulube, lapho yenza isahlulelo sokuziphatha, ababambiqhaza abazange balunake ulwazi mayelana nokuhlakanipha kwayo. Esikweni lesintu, ukudla izingulube kubhekwa njengento evamile - futhi lokhu kwakwanele ukunciphisa ukubaluleka kokuphila kwezingulube emehlweni abantu, naphezu kokuhlakanipha okuthuthukisiwe kwalezi zilwane.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo ukuthi abantu abaningi abakwamukeli ukudla izinja kodwa banelisekile ngokudla ubhekeni, akumangalisi ngokombono ongokwengqondo. I-psychology yethu yokuziphatha inhle ekutholeni amaphutha, kodwa hhayi uma kuziwa ezenzweni zethu nasezintweni esizithandayo.