Uma uthi nhlá, ukuhlala kwabantu eduze nendawo enentaba-mlilo kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba. Ekugcineni, kuhlale kunethuba lokuqhuma (nakuba kuncane kakhulu), okufaka engozini yonke indawo ezungezile. Noma kunjalo, kuwo wonke umlando womhlaba, umuntu uye wazifaka engozini futhi uye wasiza ukuphila emithambekeni yezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo.
Abantu bakhetha ukuhlala eduze nezintaba-mlilo ngoba becabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zidlula izithiyo. Izintaba-mlilo eziningi ziphephe ngokuphelele njengoba sekunesikhathi eside zingaqhumi. Lezo "eziphukayo" ngezikhathi ezithile zibonwa ngabantu bendawo njengokubikezelwa futhi (okubukeka sengathi) kulawulwa.
Namuhla, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-500 bahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba-mlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamadolobha amakhulu aseduze nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. - intaba yentaba-mlilo etholakala ngaphansi kwamamayela angama-50 ukusuka eMexico City (eMexico).
Amaminerali. I-Magma ekhuphuka ekujuleni komhlaba iqukethe inani lamaminerali. Ngemva kokuba udaka lupholile, amaminerali, ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi ashisayo namagesi, adlula endaweni ebanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaminerali afana nethini, isiliva, igolide, ithusi ngisho nedayimane imbala ingatholakala emadwaleni entaba-mlilo. Amaminerali amaningi ensimbi emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ithusi, igolide, isiliva, umthofu kanye ne-zinc, ahlotshaniswa namadwala atholakala ekujuleni kwentaba-mlilo engasekho. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ziba zilungele ukumba izimayini ezinkulu zezentengiselwano kanye nezinga lendawo. Amagesi ashisayo aphuma emigodini yentaba-mlilo nawo agcwalisa umhlaba ngamaminerali, ikakhulukazi isibabule. Abantu bendawo bavame ukuyiqoqa futhi bayidayise.
amandla geothermal. La mandla angamandla ashisayo avela eMhlabeni. Ukushisa okuvela kusitimu esingaphansi komhlaba kusetshenziselwa ukushayela izinjini zomoya kanye nokuphehla ugesi, kanye nokushisisa amanzi, abese esesetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukufudumeza namanzi ashisayo. Uma umusi ungenzeki ngokwemvelo, kubholwa izimbobo eziningana ezijulile ematsheni ashisayo. Amanzi abandayo athululelwa emgodini owodwa, ngenxa yalokho kuphuma umusi oshisayo komunye. Isitimu esinjalo asisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngoba siqukethe amaminerali amaningi ancibilikisiwe akwazi ukugwaza futhi avale amapayipi, adle izakhi zensimbi futhi angcolise ukuphakelwa kwamanzi. I-Iceland isebenzisa kakhulu amandla avela ku-geothermal: izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zikagesi wezwe zivela kumaturbine aqhutshwa isitimu. INew Zealand futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, iJapane iyasebenza kahle ekusebenziseni amandla okushisa komhlaba.
Inhlabathi evundile. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla: amadwala entaba-mlilo anothile ngamaminerali. Kodwa-ke, amaminerali amatshe amasha awatholakali ezitshalweni. Kuthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuze zibe nesimo sezulu futhi ziwohloke futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zakhe inhlabathi ecebile. Umhlabathi onjalo uphenduka ube omunye wezindawo ezivunde kakhulu emhlabeni. I-African Rift Valley, i-Mount Elgon e-Uganda kanye nemithambeka ye-Vesuvius e-Italy inenhlabathi ekhiqiza kakhulu ngenxa yamatshe entaba-mlilo nomlotha. Indawo yaseNaples inomhlaba ocebe kakhulu kumaminerali ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu okubili eminyakeni engu-35000 kanye ne-12000 edlule. Kokubili ukuqhuma kwakha idiphozithi yomlotha namadwala ayisicaba, aphenduka inhlabathi evundile. Namuhla lesi sifunda sitshalwa ngenkuthalo futhi sikhula amagilebhisi, imifino, izihlahla zewolintshi nelamula, amakhambi, izimbali. Isifunda saseNaples siphinde sibe ngabahlinzeki abakhulu bakatamatisi.
Ezokuvakasha. Izintaba-mlilo ziheha izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Njengesibonelo sehlane eliyingqayizivele, zimbalwa izinto ezihlaba umxhwele kunentaba-mlilo ekhafula umlotha oshisayo obomvu, kanye nodaka olufinyelela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamamitha ukuphakama. Eduze kwentaba-mlilo kungase kube namachibi okugeza afudumele, iziphethu ezishisayo, amachibi odaka agelezayo. Ama-geyers ahlezi eyizindawo eziheha izivakashi, njenge-Old Faithful e-Yellowstone National Park, e-USA. izibeka njengezwe lomlilo neqhwa, eliheha izivakashi ngenhlanganisela ethokozisayo yezintaba-mlilo nezinguzunga zeqhwa, ezivame ukutholakala endaweni eyodwa. Ezokuvakasha zidala imisebenzi ezitolo, ezindaweni zokudlela, emahhotela, eziqiwini kazwelonke nasezikhungweni zezivakashi. Umnotho wendawo wenza inzuzo ngalokhu unyaka wonke. wenza yonke imizamo yokwandisa ukukhanga kwezivakashi zezwe lakhe esifundeni seNtaba i-Elgon. Le ndawo iyathakazelisa ngokuma kwayo, impophoma enkulu, izilwane zasendle, ukugibela izintaba, uhambo lokuqwala izintaba kanye nentaba-mlilo engasekho.