Iqiniso lokuthi amadoda aphila ngaphansi kwabesifazane kade aliyona imfihlo kunoma ubani. Futhi kubonakala sengathi lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka: ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, indoda evamile ezalwa ngo-2019 izophila iminyaka engu-69,8, kanti owesifazane - iminyaka engu-74,2. Kodwa kungani? Uvelaphi lo mehluko weminyaka engu-4,4? Isazi sezinto eziphilayo uSebastian Ocklenburg uyachaza.
izici ezibulalayo
Ake siqale ngento esemqoka: I-WHO ayikhombisi okuwukuphela kwayo, noma isizathu esiyinhloko somehluko obaluleke kangaka esikhathini sokuphila. Esikhundleni salokho, umbiko wenhlangano uveza izici ezintathu ezinomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okufa kwabesilisa kunaphakathi kwabesifazane:
- izifo zenhliziyo,
- ukulimala ngenxa yezingozi zomgwaqo,
- umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Futhi ezinye izizathu zihlobene ngokuqondile nezici ezingokwengqondo noma impilo yengqondo, kusho u-Ocklenburg.
Isibonelo, ukulimala komgwaqo kuholela ekwehleni kweminyaka eyi-0,47 yokuphila kwabesilisa uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokwengxenye ukuthi amadoda amaningi asebenza embonini yezokuthutha, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi - futhi lokhu kufakazelwe ngokwamandla - amadoda maningi amathuba okushayela ngobudlova, abeke wona kanye nabanye engozini.
Ukuhlaziywa kocwaningo lokuhluka kobulili ekuziphatheni kokushayela kubonise ukuthi amadoda maningi amathuba okuba ashayele ephuzile, abonise ulaka, futhi asabele ezingozini zomgwaqo sekwephuze kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane).
Ngaphansi kweziqu
Thatha enye imbangela evamile yokufa - i-cirrhosis yesibindi. Kubangele ukwehla kweminyaka yokuphila kwabesilisa ngeminyaka engu-0,27 uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Nakuba kuwukugula okungokomzimba, enye yezimbangela zako eziyinhloko ukuphuza ngokweqile. Esebenzisa idatha evela e-United States, u-Sebastian Ocklenburg ugcizelela ukuthi izibalo zokuphuza utshwala ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngobulili.
Mayelana nezwe lethu, iRussia ingene emazweni amathathu ahamba phambili ngokufa kwabantu ngenxa yotshwala. E-Russia, kwashona abesifazane abangu-2016 namadoda angu-43 ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile ngo-180 kuphela.1. Kungani amadoda ephuza kakhulu? Okokuqala, le ndaba isendleleni evamile yokuxhumana nabantu futhi eqinisweni lokuthi phakathi kwamadoda ikhono lokuphuza utshwala ngobuningi liyaziswa. Okwesibili, ukuvuthwa kamuva kwezindawo ezithile zobuchopho cishe kuyimbangela. Okokugcina, ukuzwela okuphansi otshwaleni akufanele kwehliswe.
ukufa okunobudlova
Udlame phakathi kwabantu luholela ekwehleni kweminyaka yokuphila kwabesilisa ngeminyaka engu-0,21 uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Abesilisa banamathuba aphindwe kane okubulala ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu, ngokombiko we-WHO. Abesifazane bavame ukuba yizisulu zodlame lwasekhaya, cishe ngokubulawa okukodwa kokuhlanu okwenziwa umlingani noma ilungu lomndeni (yize amadoda emathubeni amaningi okubulala amanye amadoda emigwaqweni).
Ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kolunye ucwaningo, i-Ocklenburg ikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yamazinga aphezulu obudlova obungokomzimba nobudlova emadodeni.
Imiphumela emibi yemibono yobulili
Esinye isici, ngokusho kwe-WHO, esinomthelela ekwehlukeni kobulili ekufeni ukuzilimaza: nakuba abesifazane benemicabango eminingi ngokuzibulala futhi benza imizamo eyengeziwe, eqinisweni, amadoda abulala ngokuvamile (ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi ezingu-1,75). ).
Izizathu eziqondile zegebe elikhulu lobulili ezilinganisweni zokuzibulala aziqondwa ngokugcwele, u-Ocklenburg uyaphawula: “Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ucwaningo lwezifo zengqondo oluye lwabonisa ukuthi umphakathi ubeka izimfuneko eziqine kakhulu emadodeni. Emasikweni amaningi, kusekhona ukuvinjelwa komphakathi okungashiwongo ngokumelene nokuveza imizwa engemihle kanye nokuxhumana nodokotela wezengqondo, noma ngabe kuvela imicabango yokuzibulala noma ukucindezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “ukuzelapha” okuvamile ngotshwala kungasenza sibe sibi kakhulu isimo sendoda.
Nakuba izifo ezingokomzimba kuseyizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhluka kobulili ekufeni, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ziholela ekwehleni kweminyaka yokuphila kwabesilisa. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubakhuthaza ukuthi bafune ukwesekwa kanye nosizo lochwepheshe emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo.
1. "Izwe laseRussia lingene kwabathathu abahamba phambili ngokufa kwabantu ngenxa yotshwala." U-Olga Solovieva, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 05.09.2018/XNUMX/XNUMX.
Mayelana Nochwepheshe: USebastian Ocklenburg uyisazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.