I-White Mold Cheese

Oshizi abaluhlaza kancane kancane basuka esigabeni sezinto ezingavamile baya emikhiqizweni ejwayelekile njengesinkwa esifakwe izinongo noma ijamoni. Awusadingi ukuya eFrance ukuze uthole i-brie yangempela - vele wehlele esitolo esiseduze. Kodwa yini elele ngemuva koqweqwe oluminyene olumhlophe qhwa kanye nokuthungwa kukashizi okunokhilimu obonakalayo?

I-Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine ithi umkhiqizo ungamafutha ayingozi angama-70%, kanti ama-30% asele angumthombo omuhle we-calcium (Ca). Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana noshizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuthi uphephe kangakanani emzimbeni womuntu?

Izici ezijwayelekile zomkhiqizo

Oshizi besikhunta esimhlophe bayinyama ethambile, enamafutha anokhilimu kanye noqweqwe olumhlophe olujiyile.

Ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezikhethekile zesikhunta ezivela kuhlobo lwePenicillum, eziphephile emzimbeni womuntu. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa soshizi singamaviki angu-5 futhi singahluka kuzo zombili izinkomba kuye ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo nezici zomkhiqizo. Ukuma koshizi omhlophe kujwayelekile - oval, nxazonke noma isikwele.

Kuyathakazelisa: ama-cheese anesikhunta esimhlophe abhekwa njengeqembu elincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, isibonelo, okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu. Bavela kamuva kakhulu emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu futhi isikhathi eside bagcina izindleko eziphezulu.

Izinhlobo zomkhiqizo we-white mildew ezidumile

Umoya

Yilolu hlobo lukashizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluthole ukuthandwa okukhethekile. Ushizi othambile owenziwe ngobisi lwenkomo. Igama layo lihlotshaniswa nesifundazwe saseFrance, esisendaweni ephakathi kwe-Ile-de-France - le ndawo ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yomkhiqizo. UBree usezuze ukuthandwa nokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Yenziwa cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, iletha ukuthinta okukhethekile kobuntu kanye nokuqashelwa kwendawo. Yingakho kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngomndeni wakwaBrie woshizi, hhayi ngomkhiqizo othize.

Inothi lomlando: i-brie kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo yayibhekwa njenge-dessert yasebukhosini. UBlanca waseNavarre, i-Countess of Champagne, wayevame ukuthumela ushizi omhlophe njengesipho esiyigugu eNkosini uPhilip Augustus. Yonke inkantolo yasebukhosini yayijatshuliswe ukunambitheka nephunga likashizi, ngakho ithimba ngalinye lamaholide lalibheke phambili kwesinye isipho esikhuntile. UHenry IV kanye neNdlovukazi uMargot abazange balufihle uthando lwabo ngoBrie.

Okukhethekile kwe-brie umbala ophaphathekile onamabala acashile ampunga. Ukuthungwa okuthambile kwe-pulp kumbozwe ungqimba lwesikhunta esihle i-Penicillium camemberti noma i-Penicillium candidum. Imvamisa, umkhiqizo wenziwa ngendlela yekhekhe enobubanzi obungafika kumasentimitha angama-60 nobukhulu obufika ku-5 amasentimitha. I-mold crust ibonakala ngephunga elimnandi le-ammonia, futhi ushizi ngokwawo unikeza iphunga elincane le-ammonia, kodwa lokhu akuthinti ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nezakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco.

I-brie encane inokunambitheka okuthambile okuthambile. Lapho ushizi umdala, amanothi abukhali futhi anongwe kakhulu kuphalethi yawo yokunambitheka. Omunye umthetho osebenza ku-brie ukuthi ukunambitheka kukashizi kuncike kusayizi we-tortilla. Lapho kuba mncane, umkhiqizo ubukhali. Ushizi ukhiqizwa esikalini sezimboni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ihlukaniswa phakathi kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-French cheeses jikelele, njengoba ifaneleka ngokulinganayo isidlo sasemini somndeni noma isidlo sakusihlwa esikhethekile.

Iseluleko. Ukuze ufeze ukuthungwa okubucayi kanye ne-dense crust, susa i-brie esiqandisini amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokudla. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lesitoreji ngu +2 kuya ku-4 °C.

I-Boulet d'Aven

Lona ushizi we-French flavored osuselwe obisini lwenkomo. Igama lomkhiqizo lihlotshaniswa nedolobha lase-Aven. Kwakuvela e-Aven lapho umlando osheshayo we-blue cheese waqala.

Ekuqaleni, i-skim cream evela obisini lwenkomo yayisetshenziselwa isisekelo sikashizi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iresiphi yashintsha, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko kwaba inzika entsha kashizi we-Marual. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyachotshozwa, zixutshwe nensada yezinongo (i-tarragon, ama-clove, upelepele kanye ne-parsley zivame ukusetshenziswa), emva kwalokho zibunjwa zibe amabhola noma izigaxa. I-cheese crust ifakwe isitshalo esikhethekile se-annatto, esifafazwe nge-paprika nesikhunta esimhlophe. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sikashizi sisuka ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-crust ifakwe ebhiya ngezikhathi ezithile, okunikeza ukunambitheka okungeziwe kanye nephunga elimnandi.

Izingcezu zikashizi ezingunxantathu noma eziyindilinga zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamagremu angu-300. Umkhiqizo umbozwe nge-crust ebomvu emanzi, equkethe i-paprika nesikhunta. Ngaphansi kwayo kufihla inyama emhlophe nge-splash ekhanyayo yezinongo. Amafutha omkhiqizo angama-45%. Amanothi ayinhloko okunambitheka ahlinzeka nge-tarragon, pepper kanye nesisekelo sobisi. I-Bulet d'Aven idliwa njengesifundo esiyinhloko noma inikezwe njenge-snack ye-gin noma iwayini elibomvu.

UCamembert

Iwuhlobo lukashizi onamafutha athambile. Yona, njengemikhiqizo eminingi kashizi, ilungiswa ngesisekelo sobisi lwenkomo. UCamembert upendwe ngokukhanya okumnandi okukhilimu noma umthunzi omhlophe qhwa, ombozwe uqweqwe oluminyene lwesikhunta. Ingaphandle likashizi limbozwe i-Geotrichum candidum, phezu kwalokho isikhunta esithambile i-Penicillium camemberti siphinde sikhule. Okukhethekile komkhiqizo kusekunambithekeni - ukunambitheka okuthambile okukhilimu kuhlanganiswe namanothi amakhowe abonakalayo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, umlobi ongumFulentshi uLeon-Paul Farg wabhala ukuthi iphunga likaCamembert lifaniswa “nephunga lezinyawo zikaNkulunkulu” ( Le camembert, ce fromage qui fleure les pieds du bon Dieu ).

I-Camembert isekelwe obisini lwenkomo lonke. Kwezinye izimo, inani elincane lobisi lwe-skimmed lifakwa ekubunjweni. Kusuka kumalitha angama-25 oketshezi lobisi, ungathola amakhanda ayi-12 kashizi ngemingcele elandelayo:

• ubukhulu - 3 cm;
• ububanzi - 11,3 amasentimitha;
• isisindo - 340 g.

Isimo sezulu esishisayo singathinta kabi ukuvuthwa komkhiqizo, ngakho ushizi ulungiswa kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMeyi. Ubisi olungaxutshiwe luthululelwa kumafomu amakhulu, lushiywe isikhathi esithile, bese kwengezwa i-rennin rennet futhi ingxube ivunyelwe ukuthi igoqe. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, uketshezi luxutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukhilimu we-sludge.

Amahlule alungile athululelwa ezibunjeni zensimbi futhi ashiywe ukuze ome ubusuku bonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Camembert ilahlekelwa cishe ngu-⅔ wesisindo sayo sokuqala. Ekuseni, ubuchwepheshe buphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho ushizi uthola isakhiwo esidingekayo. Khona-ke umkhiqizo ufakwa usawoti futhi ubekwe eshalofini lokuvuthwa.

Okubalulekile: ukukhula kanye nohlobo lwesikhunta kuncike ezinkomba zokushisa zekamelo lapho ushizi uvuthwa khona. Ukunambitheka okukhethekile kweCamembert kungenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwazo okwalandela. Uma ukulandelana kungalandelwa, umkhiqizo uzolahlekelwa ukuthungwa okudingekayo, uqweqwe nokunambitha.

I-Camembert ihanjiswa ngamabhokisi okhuni alula noma amakhanda amaningana apakishwe ngotshani. Impilo yeshalofu kashizi incane, ngakho bazama ukuyithengisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

UNeuchatel

Ushizi waseFrance, okhiqizwa e-Upper Normandy. Okukhethekile kwe-neuchatel kuqukethe uqweqwe oluminyene olomile olumbozwe isikhunta esimhlophe esithambile, kanye ne-pulp enwebekayo enephunga lamakhowe.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-nechatel abukashintshi kakhulu phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa wokuba khona komkhiqizo. Ubisi luthululelwa ezitsheni ezifudumele, i-rennet, i-whey yengezwa futhi ingxube ishiywe izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-whey iyakhanywa, isikhunta sesikhunta singeniswa ku-vat, emva kwalokho ushizi ucindezelwe futhi ushiywe ukuze wome kuma-racks wokhuni. I-neuchatel igaywa usawoti ngesandla futhi iyekwe ukuthi ivuthwe egumbini elingaphansi okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 (kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi sokuvuthwa sinwetshwa sibe amasonto ayi-10 ukuze kuzuzwe ukunambitheka okubukhali kanye namanothi amakhowe).

Okuqukethwe kwamafutha omkhiqizo oqediwe kungama-50%. I-crust yakhiwa yomile, i-velvety, imbozwe ngokuphelele ngesikhunta esimhlophe somfaniswano. I-Neuchatel yaziwa ngohlobo olukhethekile lokugcwalisa. Ngokuvamile, ilungiswa futhi ithengiswe ngesimo senhliziyo enkulu noma encane, kunokuba i-oval yendabuko, indilinga noma isikwele.

Izakhiwo eziwusizo zomkhiqizo

Ngemuva kwephunga elithile nokubukeka okungathandeki akukona nje ubuciko bokukhiqiza ushizi, kodwa futhi inqolobane yezinzuzo zomzimba womuntu. Isikhunta sePenicillium esimboza umkhiqizo sithathwa njengento enhle futhi enenzuzo kakhulu. Kungani?

Embonini kashizi, i-Penicillium roqueforti ne-Penicillium glaucum isetshenziswa kakhulu. Zengezwa ngobuningi ngomjovo, emva kwalokho zilindele ukuvuthwa nokukhula kwesikhunta. I-Penicillium ilwa namagciwane e-pathological emzimbeni, ibulala i-microflora eyingozi, ihlanza amathumbu futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Ososayensi bahlonze into ethile ebizwa ngokuthi “i-French Paradox”. Indida ngokwayo ukuthi iFrance inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yobuningi bewayini elibomvu noshizi elinesikhunta esihle ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwamaFulentshi. Ushizi waziwa ngempela ngomphumela wawo wokulwa nokuvuvukala. Kuyasiza ukuhlanza amalunga nemithambo yegazi, kuwavikela ekuvuvukeni, nokwandisa umsebenzi wokusebenza.

Kuyathakazelisa: I-Penicillium inciphisa inqubo yokuguga yomzimba womuntu futhi, njengebhonasi enhle, isiza ukuqeda i-cellulite.

Ukwakhiwa koshizi ngesikhunta esimhlophe kuhlanganisa i-Retinol (uvithamini A), i-calciferol (i-vitamin D), i-zinc (Zn), i-magnesium (Mg), i-potassium (K) ne-calcium (Ca). Zonke lezi zakhi zisiza ukugcina impilo kanye nezinga lemizimba yethu.

Izici eziwusizo zikashizi:

• ukuqinisa amathambo, isistimu yemisipha namazinyo;
• ukunciphisa ingozi ye-multiple sclerosis;
• ukuthuthukiswa kokulawula isimo sakho sengqondo-ngokomzwelo, ukuvumelanisa kwesimiso sezinzwa;
• ukujwayelekile kwezinqubo ze-metabolic;
• ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba;
• ukulawulwa kokulinganisela kwamanzi kumaseli kanye nezicubu;
• ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuvuselela amangqamuzana obuchopho, ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo nemisebenzi yokuqonda;
• ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele;
• qala inqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha emvelo.

Kodwa kukhona nolunye uhlangothi lwemali. Ingxenye eyinhloko kashizi ubisi lwemvelaphi yezilwane. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi umuntu omdala akadingi ubisi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngobuningi kuholela ezimpawu ezingathandeki - induna, izinkinga zamathumbu, umzimba ompofu, ukungezwani komzimba, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Uma kungenzeka, khetha ushizi osekelwe obisini lwezimvu noma lwembuzi. Ziqukethe ushukela omncane wobisi, esiyeka ukumunca lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-7. Into esemqoka ukungasebenzisi kabi ushizi. Lona umkhiqizo onekhalori ephezulu kakhulu onala mafutha agcwele, okweqile okuthinta kabi umuntu. Zibekele izilinganiso ezimbalwa ukuze ujabulele ukunambitheka, kodwa kungcono ukwanelisa ukulamba kwakho ngenyama, imifino, izithelo noma okusanhlamvu.

Uyini ushizi oyingozi?

Salt

Ushizi ubhekwa njengomkhiqizo onosawoti omningi. Ngokusho kwe-Consensus Action on Salt and Health, kuthatha indawo engu-3 ngemva kwesinkwa nobhekeni. Kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo wobisi kunesilinganiso samagremu angu-1,7 kasawoti (izinga lansuku zonke liyi-2,300 milligrams). Ukuchichima kukasawoti emakhanda amhlophe anesikhunta kuwudlula kude umthamo, ovimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi. Ukweqisa njalo kwenkambiso yesodium edliwayo akuholeli nje kuphela ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba, kodwa nasekuluthekeni.

Ama-hormone

Amahomoni angena kanjani ku-brie noma ku-cammbert? Impendulo ilula – ngobisi lwenkomo. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi abanandaba nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo onikeziwe, kodwa ngenzuzo yomuntu siqu. Kulokhu, izinkomo emapulazini zithola imijovo yamahomoni nama-antibiotic esikhundleni sokunakekelwa okufanele. Zonke lezi zinto ezingezona ezemvelo zingena obisini lwesilwane, futhi zisuka lapho zingene emzimbeni womuntu. Umphumela uba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-osteoporosis, ukungalingani kwama-hormone, i-prostate kanye nomdlavuza webele.

Ukwakheka kokulutheka

Ngokwezibalo, eMelika yanamuhla badla ushizi izikhathi ezi-3 kuneminyaka engama-40 edlule. Umphumela womuthi wokudla ufana ngokuphawulekayo nowe-opiate - ukhohlisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa kanye nesisu, esiphoqa ukuba sidle umkhiqizo ngokungalawuleki.

Iqiniso: Abantu abathembele kushukela namafutha basizwa imithi efanayo neyalabo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokweqile.

Isimo sibhebhetheka ngokusetshenziswa kukashizi. Sijwayele ukuyisebenzisa hhayi nje njengesitsha esizimele, kodwa futhi njengesengezo / isoso / isithokelo esidlweni esikhulu.

Amagciwane asongela ukukhulelwa

Obisini olungaxutshiwe, izinkukhu kanye nezilwane zasolwandle, i-Listeria monocyotogenes ingagxiliswa. Babangela izifo ezithathelwanayo i-listeriosis. Izimpawu zesifo:

• ukuhlanza;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• Ukugodola;
• i-jaundice;
• imfiva.

Zonke lezi zimpawu ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Listeriosis ingabangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, i-sepsis/meningitis/inyumoniya ku-fetus nomama. Yingakho odokotela batusa ukuqeda ngokuphelele ushizi othambile ngesikhunta esimhlophe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.

Inkinga yokukhiqiza ngokuziphatha

Ukungabaza okuningi kubangela ukukhiqizwa kokuziphatha komkhiqizo. Akufanele uthembele imibhalo ethi "organic" kanye "nemifino", kungcono ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka. Iningi loshizi lilungiswa ngokufakwa kwama-enzyme e-rennet. Lesi yisigaba sesine sesisu sethole. Ezimweni eziningi, abakhiqizi basebenzisa ama-enzyme amankonyane asanda kuzalwa.

Okubalulekile. Uma ufuna ukudla ushizi wemifino, qiniseka ukuthi izithako zihlanganisa isikhunta, amagciwane, noma ama-microorganisms ashintshwe izakhi esikhundleni se-rennet.

Ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela ukuyeka ushizi ngesikhunta esimhlophe? Cha, into esemqoka ukufunda ngokucophelela ukwakheka futhi wazi ukuthi kufanele uyeke nini. Zama ukugwema ukudla okunezithako eziningi nezivimbelakuvunda. Bheka imikhiqizo ehambisana ne-GOST (izidingo zombuso), hhayi i-TU (izidingo zenhlangano) futhi ungadli ikhanda likashizi endaweni eyodwa - welula injabulo. Sondela ukudla okunomsoco ngokombono ophusile futhi ube nempilo!

Imithombo ye