Naphezu kokubukeka kwazo, izihlahla ziyizidalwa zomphakathi. Okokuqala, izihlahla ziyakhuluma zodwa. Baphinde bezwe, bahlanganyele futhi babambisane - ngisho nezinhlobo ezihlukene zodwa. UPeter Wohlleben, isazi samahlathi saseJalimane nomlobi wencwadi ethi The Hidden Life of Trees, naye uthi zondla amaphuphu azo, izithombo ezikhulayo ziyafunda, nokuthi ezinye izihlahla ezindala ziyazidela ngenxa yesizukulwane esilandelayo.
Nakuba ezinye izazi zibheka umbono ka-Wolleben njenge-anthropomorphic ngokungadingekile, umbono wendabuko wezihlahla njengezidalwa ezihlukene, ezingenazwelo ubulokhu ushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “amahloni omqhele”, lapho izihlahla ezinobukhulu obufanayo bezinhlobo ezifanayo zingathintani ngokuhlonipha indawo yomunye nomunye, yaqashelwa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni sokuba ahlangane futhi asunduze ukuze kukhanye imisebe yokukhanya, amagatsha ezihlahla eziseduze ame buqamama, eshiya indawo ngesizotha. Namanje akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani - mhlawumbe amagatsha akhulayo afa ekugcineni, noma ukukhula kwamagatsha kuyancishiswa lapho amaqabunga ezwa ukukhanya kwe-infrared kuhlakazeke ngamanye amaqabunga aseduze.
Uma amagatsha ezihlahla eziphatha ngokuzithoba, khona-ke ngezimpande konke kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ehlathini, imingcele yezinhlelo zempande ngayinye ayikwazi ukuhlangana kuphela, kodwa futhi ixhuma - ngezinye izikhathi ngokuqondile ngokufakelwa kwemvelo - futhi ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi we-fungal filaments engaphansi komhlaba noma i-mycorrhiza. Ngalokhu kuxhumana, izihlahla zingashintshanisa amanzi, ushukela, nezinye izakhi futhi zithumelelane imiyalezo yamakhemikhali nekagesi. Ngaphezu kokusiza izihlahla ukuthi zikhulume, isikhunta sithatha imisoco enhlabathini bese siyiguqula ibe uhlobo olungasetshenziswa izihlahla. Ngokubuyisela, bathola ushukela - kufika ku-30% wama-carbohydrate atholakala ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis aya ukukhokhela izinsizakalo ze-mycorrhiza.
Ucwaningo oluningi lwamanje kulokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “iwebhu yesihlahla” lusekelwe emsebenzini wesazi sezinto eziphilayo saseCanada uSuzanne Simard. USimard uchaza izihlahla ezinkulu kunazo zonke ehlathini njengezikhungo noma "izihlahla zomama". Lezi zihlahla zinezimpande ezibanzi nezijulile, futhi zingabelana ngamanzi nezakhamzimba nezihlahla ezincane, okuvumela izithombo ukuba zikhule ngisho nasethunzini elinzima. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi izihlahla ngazinye ziyakwazi ukubona izihlobo zazo eziseduze futhi zithanda kakhulu ekudluliseleni amanzi nezakhamzimba. Ngakho, izihlahla ezinempilo zingakwazi ukusekela omakhelwane abalimele - ngisho neziphunzi ezingenamaqabunga! - ukubagcina bephila iminyaka eminingi, amashumi eminyaka ngisho namakhulu eminyaka.
Izihlahla azikwazi ukubona kuphela abalingani bazo, kodwa futhi nezitha. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ososayensi bathola ukuthi isihlahla esihlaselwa isilwane esidla amaqabunga sikhipha igesi ye-ethylene. Lapho kutholwa i-ethylene, izihlahla eziseduze zilungiselela ukuzivikela ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali enza amaqabunga awo angabi mnandi futhi abe nobuthi ezinambuzaneni. Lelisu latholwa okokuqala ocwaningweni lomtholo, futhi kubonakala sengathi izindlulamithi zaziqondwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu: uma sebeqedile ukudla amaqabunga esihlahla esisodwa, ngokuvamile banyakaza ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50 ngaphambi kokuthatha esinye isihlahla, njengoba cishe uzwe kancane isignali yesimo esiphuthumayo esithunyelwe.
Nokho, muva nje kuye kwacaca ukuthi akuzona zonke izitha ezibangela ukusabela okufanayo ezihlahleni. Lapho ama-elms namaphayini (futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izihlahla) ehlaselwa amacimbi kuqala, asabela kumakhemikhali ayingxenye yamathe esibungu, akhiphe iphunga elengeziwe eliheha izinhlobo ezithile zomnyovu oyisinanakazana. Iminyovu ibekela amaqanda ayo emizimbeni yezibungu, futhi izibungu ezisafufusa zishwabadela ibutho lazo ngaphakathi. Uma umonakalo wamaqabunga namagatsha ubangelwa into ethize isihlahla esingenayo indlela yokuzivikela, njengomoya noma izembe, khona-ke ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuhloswe ukuphulukisa, hhayi ukuzivikela.
Nokho, eziningi zalezi “zindlela zokuziphatha” ezisanda kuqashelwa zezihlahla zilinganiselwe ekukhuleni okungokwemvelo. Izitshalo, isibonelo, azinazo izihlahla ezingumama kanye nokuxhumana okuncane kakhulu. Izihlahla ezincane zivame ukutshalwa kabusha, futhi iziphi izixhumanisi ezingaphansi komhlaba ezikwazi ukukusungula zinqanyulwa ngokushesha. Njengoba kubonakala kulokhu, imikhuba yesimanje yamahlathi iqala ukubukeka icishe ibe yimbi: amasimu awawona imiphakathi, kodwa uswebezane lwezidalwa eziyizimungulu, ezikhuliswe efekthri futhi zigawulwe ngaphambi kokuba ziphile ngempela. Nokho, ososayensi abakholelwa ukuthi izihlahla zinemizwa, noma ukuthi ikhono elitholakele lezihlahla lokusebenzisana libangelwa noma yini enye ngaphandle kokuzikhethela kwemvelo. Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi ngokusekelana, izihlahla zakha i-microcosm evikelekile, enomswakama lapho zona kanye nenzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo bayoba nethuba elingcono kakhulu lokusinda nokuzala. Yini ihlathi kithi ikhaya elivamile lezihlahla.