Okuqukethwe
Abanye abantu babuzwa ubuhlungu bangempela lapho becabanga nje ukuthi izwe lakubo alisoze laziswa. Izimo zengqondo ezinjalo ziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukucasuka kwabavoti ngezwe labo kwabenza bavotela uTrump hhayi ngokubiza umphefumulo, kodwa ngokuziphindiselela. Lesi simo singabizwa ngokuthi i-collective narcissism.
Isithombe ephephandabeni siyaxaka: sibonisa iso lomuntu, lapho kugeleza izinyembezi, liphenduka isibhakela. Lokhu, ngokusho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika u-Agnieszka Golek de Zavala, kuwumfanekiso omuhle kakhulu noma isingathekiso sesimo salabo bavoti bakaTrump, ababize ngokuthi "ama-narcissists ahlangene." Ukucasuka kwabo kwaholela ekuziphindiseleni.
Ngenkathi uDonald Trump ewina ukhetho lukamongameli lwango-2016, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sasinombono. Ukholelwa ukuthi uTrump unezithembiso ezimbili zomkhankaso azodlala kuzo: "yenza iMelika ibe namandla amakhulu futhi" futhi "ibeke izintshisekelo zayo kuqala." Iyiqiniso kangakanani le nkolelo-mbono?
Ngo-2018, u-Agnieszka Golek de Zawala wenze inhlolovo kwabaphenduli baseMelika abayi-1730 abavotele uTrump. Umcwaningi wayefuna ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo ezibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhetheni kwabo. Njengoba bekulindelekile, izici zabavoti ezinjengobulili, ibala lesikhumba, izimo zengqondo ngobandlululo, kanye nesimo senhlalonhle yezomnotho zazibucayi. Kodwa akugcini lapho: abaningi babeqhutshwa ukucasuka. Abavoti bakaTrump balimala ngokuthi isithunzi saseMelika njengamandla amakhulu emhlabeni sonakaliswe kabi.
Ibhola neBrexit zifana ngani?
U-Golek de Zavala ubiza abantu ababaluleke kangaka esithunzini sezwe labo ngama-narcissists ayiqoqo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sathola i-narcissism ehlangene hhayi phakathi kwabasekeli bakaTrump kuphela, kodwa futhi phakathi kwabanye abaphenduli ePoland, Mexico, Hungary nase-UK - isibonelo, phakathi kwabasekeli beBrexit abenqaba i-European Union ngoba "ayiboni isikhundla esikhethekile se-UK futhi inomphumela olimazayo kwezepolitiki yaseBrithani «. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babona abafuduki bewusongo ebuqothweni bezwe.
Umcwaningi ukwazile ukubona i-collective narcissism ngisho naphakathi kwabalandeli bebhola kanye namalungu omphakathi wenkolo, okusho ukuthi, ngokusobala, akukhona nje ngesizwe, kodwa futhi mayelana nendlela yokuhlonza nanoma yiliphi iqembu. Lesi simo kudala sijwayelekile kosongqondongqondo bezenhlalakahle.
Okucunula i-narcissist akuthukutheli kuzwelonke
Ukutholakala kukaGolek de Zavala, ngokombono wakhe, akuyona imfanelo yobuntu, kodwa kunalokho inkolelo eqinile: ama-narcissists ahlangene abheka iqembu labo njengento ehluke ngokuphelele, efanelwe ukuphathwa okukhethekile nokubonga njalo. Okuxhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nalokhu ingxenye yesibili yezinkolelo: iqembu labo kuthiwa libukelwa phansi ngendlela ehlelekile, alinakwa futhi ligxekwa ngokungafanele ngabanye - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwe noma umphakathi ubukeka kanjani.
Noma yini ingenza izwe, iqembu lebhola lezinyawo, umphakathi wezenkolo okhethekile kuma-narcissists ahlangene: amandla ezempi, amandla ezomnotho, intando yeningi, inkolo, impumelelo. Ngokombono wama-collective narcissists, kuphoqelekile ukuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungagxekwa ngokungafanele, ngoba kuthathwa njengenhlamba yomuntu siqu - iqembu lithathwa njengengxenye yomuntu siqu.
Ngokungafani nabashisekeli bezwe noma abashisekeli bobuzwe, abantu abanjalo bahlushwa intukuthelo yesikhathi eside ngezwe labo noma iqembu. Abashisekeli bobuzwe kanye nabashisekeli bezwe, nabo babheka izwe noma iqembu labo njengelihamba phambili, abacasuki uma othile ezwakalisa ukungalihloniphi.
Ngokusho kukaGolek de Zavala, ama-narcissists ahlangene ahlushwa ubuhlungu bezwe isikhathi eside: abagcini nje ngokusabela kabuhlungu ekugxekweni noma ukubona ukungazi lapho kungekho khona, kodwa futhi bazama ukungazinaki "ukungalungi" kwangempela kwezwe labo noma umphakathi abaya kuwo. kungokwakho.
Achilles' isithende somvoti ocasukile
Imizwa yokucasuka ihlanganisa imiphumela engemihle: isifiso sokuzivikela nokuziphindiselela. Ngakho-ke, ama-narcissists ayiqoqo avame ukusekela osopolitiki abazimisele ukusebenzisa izindlela zempi ukuze bavikele izwe okuthiwa alinakwa futhi bathembisa ukwenza ukuphila kube nzima kwabacatshangwa ukuthi bayizitha ezweni labo, njengabafuduki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-narcissists ahlangene anombono omncane kakhulu wokuthi ubani obhekwa njengesakhamuzi "sangempela" sezwe. Okuxakayo ukuthi abaningi babo abazizwa bexhumene nhlobo nomphakathi abawucabangayo. Kubonakala sengathi ukuba yingxenye kanye ne-idealization yizinto ezifanayo. Ama-Populist kwezepolitiki angaqala kalula futhi asebenzise le mizwa yokucasuka.
Umcwaningi ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthi abantu bazizwe benethezekile emiphakathini noma emaqenjini abo, bazizwe bengamalungu eqembu elilodwa futhi elikhulu labantu, futhi bakwazi nokwenza okuthile kwamanye amalungu eqembu.
Uma sicabangela isenzakalo se-collective narcissism ngokubanzi, singafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi nomaphi lapho kukhona iqembu labantu elihlanganiswe yisikhala esisodwa, isipiliyoni noma umbono, bonke ababambiqhaza balo kufanele bahileleke ekukhulumisaneni kanye nesizathu esifanayo.