Amavithamini, adingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwento ephilayo, ingxenye enkulu ahlinzekwa ngokudla. Ubisi phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala, olwengeziwe yizo zonke ezinye ukudla ngesikhathi sokuhlukahluka, yimithombo yamavithamini ezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwamavithamini athile abalulekile akwanele ezinsaneni. Yingakho i-supplementation inconywa. Yimaphi amavithamini athintekayo? Iyiphi indima abayidlalayo emzimbeni? Konke odinga ukukwazi ngamavithamini engane yakho.

I-Vitamin D yenziwa ngumzimba ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokuqondile, isikhumba sethu siyasihlanganisa lapho sizichaya elangeni. Le vithamini itholakala nokudla okuthile (i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-sardines, i-egg yolk, ibhotela, ubisi, njll.). Vitamin D kusiza ukumuncwa emathunjini calcium ne phosphorus, ezidingekayo ukuze bone kwamaminerali. Ngamanye amazwi, i-vitamin D ibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi enganeni, ngoba isiza ekukhuleni nasekuqiniseni amathambo.

Ezinganeni, ukuphuza uvithamini D okuqukethwe ubisi lwebele noma ifomula lezinsana akwanele. Ukuze uvimbele ama-rickets, isifo esibangela ukukhubazeka kanye nokunganele kwamaminerali amathambo, ukuxhaswa kwe-vitamin D kunconywa kuzo zonke izingane kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. "Lesi sithasiselo kumele siqhutshekwe kuso sonke isigaba sokukhula kanye namaminerali amathambo, okusho ukuthi kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-18", kubonisa i-French Association of Ambulatory Pediatrics (AFPA).

Kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-18, umthamo onconywayo ngu-800 kuya ku-1200 IU ngosuku. Inani liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ingane incela ibele noma ifomula yosana:

• uma ingane incelisa ibele, isengezo siyi-1200 IU ngosuku.

Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye eminyakeni emi-5, ukwengezwa kunconywa ebusika (ukunxephezela ukuntuleka kokuchayeka ekukhanyeni kwemvelo). Esinye isithasiselo siyelulekwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kobusha.

Ukubuyekezwa kwalezi zincomo kuyaqhubeka. "Lokhu kuzohambisana nezincomo zaseYurophu, okungukuthi i-400 IU ngosuku kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-18 ubudala ezinganeni ezinempilo ngaphandle kwezinto eziyingozi, kanye ne-800 IU ngosuku kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-18 ubudala ezinganeni ezinesici esiyingozi," kusho i-National Food Safety. I-Ejensi (ANSES) esikhishwe kwabezindaba eshicilelwe ngoJanuwari 27, 2021.

Ukwengezwa kwe-Vitamin D ezinganeni kufanele kunqunywe uchwepheshe wezempilo. Kumelwe kube sesimweni somuthi hhayi ngesimo sezithako zokudla ezinothiswe ngovithamini D (ngesinye isikhathi uvithamini D omningi kakhulu).  

Ukweqisa kwe-vitamin D akuyona ingozi ezinganeni ezincane. NgoJanuwari 2021, i-ANSES yaxwayisa ngezimo zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokweqile ezinganeni ezincane ngemva kokudla izithasiselo zokudla ezinothiswe ngovithamini D. Izingane ezithintekayo zethule i-hypercalcemia (i-calcium eningi egazini) engaba yingozi ezinso. Ukugwema ukweqisa ngokweqile okungaba yingozi empilweni yezinsana, i-ANSES ikhumbuza abazali nabasebenza kwezempilo:

hhayi ukuphindaphinda imikhiqizo equkethe uvithamini D. 

• ukuthanda izidakamizwa kunezithako zokudla.
• hlola imithamo enikeziwe (hlola inani likavithamini D ngethonsi ngalinye).

I-Vitamin K idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwegazi, isiza ukuvimbela ukopha. Umzimba wethu awuwukhiqizi, ngakho unikezwa ukudla (imifino eluhlaza, inhlanzi, inyama, amaqanda). Lapho zizalwa, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinezinga eliphansi likavithamini K futhi ngenxa yalokho zinengozi eyengeziwe yokopha (ngaphakathi nangaphandle), okungaba kubi kakhulu uma kuthinta ubuchopho. Ngenhlanhla, lezi ziyivelakancane kakhulu. 

Ukugwema ukuphuma kwegazi ku-vitamin K, izingane zaseFrance zinikezwa u-2 mg kavithamini K lapho zizalwa esibhedlela, u-2 mg phakathi kosuku lwesi-4 nolwesikhombisa lokuphila kanye no-7 mg ngenyanga e-2.

Lesi sengezo kufanele siqhutshekwe ezinganeni ezincela ibele kuphela (ubisi lwebele lunovithamini K omncane kunobisi lwezingane). Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze i-ampoule eyodwa ye-2 mg ngomlomo isonto ngalinye inqobo nje uma ukuncelisa ibele kukhethekile. Uma ubisi lwezingane selwethuliwe, lesi sengezo singamiswa. 

Ngaphandle kukavithamini D novithamini K, ukwengezwa kwamavithamini akunconywa ezinganeni, ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha.