Imiphi imithi yokugoma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Uyini umgomo osetshenziselwa ukukhulelwa?

Ukuze uzivikele ezifweni, imizimba yethu idinga amasosha omzimba. Uma ijova emzimbeni, imigomo ikhiqiza lezi zinto futhi isize ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane. Lokhu kusabela kubizwa ngokuthi “i-antigen-antibody reaction”. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba kukhuthazwe ngokwanele, kusetshenziswa imijovo eminingana elandelanayo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-booster. Ngenxa yabo, ukudluliselwa kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kwehle kakhulu, futhi ingxibongo, iye yavumela ukuqedwa kwayo.

Ukubaluleka kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngempela, ezinye izifo ezingatheni kumama ozoba ngumama zingaba zimbi kakhulu ku-fetus. Lokhu kunjalo, isibonelo, nge-rubella ebangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu futhi okungekho ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa bayelulekwa ukuthi babe nolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo yabo.

Imithi yokugoma yenziwa ngani?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zemithi yokugoma. Amanye atholakala kumagciwane anciphile (noma amagciwane), okusho ukuthi buthaka elabhorethri. Ukwethulwa kwabo emzimbeni kuzoba qalisa inqubo yokuzivikela komzimba ngaphandle kwengozi yokubangela izifo. Amanye avela kumagciwane abulewe, ngakho angasebenzi, kodwa nokho agcine amandla okusenza sakhe amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kwakamuva, okubizwa nge-toxoid, kuqukethe ubuthi besifo obushintshiwe futhi kuzophoqa umzimba ukuthi ukhiphe amasosha omzimba. Kunjalo, isibonelo, ngomuthi wokugomela i-tetanus toxoid.

Yimiphi imigomo enconywayo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?

Imithi yokugoma emithathu iyadingeka, futhi ngokuqinisekile wayithola kanye nezikhumbuzo zayo ebuntwaneni. Lona nguyena ngokumelene ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus kanye ne-polio (DTP). Abanye batuswa kakhulu njengalezo ezilwa nesimungumungwane, i-rubella kanye nomvukuzane, kodwa futhi i-hepatitis B noma ukukhwehlela. Manje, zikhona ngefomu elihlangene elivumela umjovo owodwa. Uma ugeje ezinye izikhumbuzi, yisikhathi sokuziqedela futhi ufune iseluleko kudokotela wakho ukuze uthole isinyathelo sokulungisa. Uma ulahle irekhodi lakho lokugoma futhi ungazi ukuthi ugonyelwe noma ugonyelwe isifo esithile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi Ukulinganisa amasosha omzimba kuzonquma ukuthi ukugoma kuyadingeka noma cha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ebusika, cabanga ngokugonyelwa umkhuhlane.

Ingabe eminye imithi yokugoma iyavinjelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Imithi yokugoma eyenziwe ngamagciwane anciphile (isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, irubella, uvendle esiphuzwayo, upokisi, njll.) ayivunyelwe komama abakhulelwe. Kukhona ngempela a ubungozi bethiyori bokuthi igciwane lidlule ku-placenta liye ku-fetus. Ezinye ziyingozi, hhayi ngenxa yosongo oluthathelwanayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zibangela ukusabela okunamandla noma zibangele imfiva kumama futhi zingase zibangele ukuphuphunyelwa kwesisu noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kunjalo ngomgomo wokugomela i-pertussis ne-diphtheria. Kwesinye isikhathi kunokuntuleka kwedatha yokuphepha komgomo. Njengesivikelo, sikhetha ukuwagwema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yimiphi imithi yokugoma ephephile kowesifazane okhulelwe?

Imithi yokugoma ekhiqizwa ngamagciwane abulewe ayibeki ingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza nokuvikela ingane phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila. Ngakho-ke umama wesikhathi esizayo angakwazi gonyelwa itetanus, ihepatitis B, umkhuhlane, uhlobo lomjovo lokugomela uvendle. Isinqumo sizothathwa ngokusekelwe engcupheni yokuthola isifo kanye nemiphumela yako. Ngeke ngempela kube okuhlelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukungcola kungenakwenzeka.

Ingabe kukhona umkhawulo wesikhathi sokuhlonipha phakathi kokugoma kanye nephrojekthi yokukhulelwa?

Imithi yokugoma eminingi ayidingi ukulinda ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwa (i-tetanus, anti-polio, diphtheria, anti-flu, anti-hepatic B umgomo, njll.). Nokho, kufanele ukwazi lokho ukuzivikela komzimba akutholakali kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemva kokugoma. Abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayathethelela ukuvimbela inzalo okuphumelelayo ngemva kokujova umjovo wokugoma. Impela kungaba nengozi ecatshangelwayo yombungu ngalesi sikhathi. Okungenani izinyanga ezimbili nge-rubella, i-mumps, i-chickenpox kanye nesimungumungwane. Nokho, yonke imithi yokugoma ingenziwa ngemva kokubeletha, ngisho nalapho encelisa ibele.