Okuqukethwe
I-pike evamile iyinhlanzi yomndeni wama-pike. Itholakala emanzini ahlanzekile e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini nasemahlathini anamanzi. Enye yezindondo eziyintandokazi phakathi kwabadobi. Kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nama-pike amakhulu atholakala kumachibi ethu. Kodwa ingabe ziyiqiniso? Ake sithole ukuthi i-pike ingakanani ngempela nokuthi ummeleli omkhulu we-"toothy" obanjwe unesisindo esingakanani.
I-pike ikhula kangakanani?
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-pike ayiphili iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30-33. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu kubo abasinda baze bafike eminyakeni yobudala enjalo. Ukukhula kwabo kuyaqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila. Nokho, ukushuba kwayo kwehluka kakhulu unyaka nonyaka. Zikhula kakhulu entwasahlobo, ehlobo le nqubo iyancipha, futhi ekwindla iqala futhi, nakuba ingasheshi njengasentwasahlobo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zikhula kakhulu, enyakatho - kancane.
Lezi zinhlanzi zingafinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. I-pike enkulu ingaba ngamamitha angu-2 ubude futhi ibe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-30-35.
Usizo: Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zama-pike. Ababili babo bahlala emanzini ahlanzekile e-Eurasia, lena i-pike evamile (enyakatho) ne-Amur. Abanye abathathu bahlala emanzini aseMelika, lezi pike ezifihla ubuso, ezinemigqa futhi ezibomvu.
Ngokubona kukaSabaneev, i-pike endala ingeza cishe u-2 cm ubude ngonyaka. Lezi zinkomba zinemibandela kuphela futhi konke kuncike ezintweni eziningi.
Izinombolo zangempela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala namanye ama-nuances:
- ubukhulu bendawo yamanzi;
- ubuningi besisekelo sefolishi;
- inombolo yalesi silwane esizingelayo;
- ibhalansi ye-oxygen;
- ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi.
Abadobi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi imifula emikhulu namachibi agcina amasampula endondo amaningi kunamadamu amancane. Emachibini amancane nasemachibini, i-pike "iyaqina". Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wezinhlanzi uba minyene, ucindezelwe nhlangothi zombili. Ezindaweni ezincane zamanzi, izinga lokukhula kwesilwane esizingelayo liyashintsha; ngeke ikwazi ukuzuza isisindo sayo esigcwele ngisho nobude bokuphila obufana nobezihlobo ezinamazinyo ezivela emanzini amakhulu.
Okudliwa yi-pike nakho kuthinta ukukhula kwayo. Emifuleni emincane, isisekelo sokudla esibuthakathaka singanciphisa ukuzuza kwesisindo sezinhlanzi. Kukhona nokudla okuncane emanzini avaliwe angaxhumene nemifula. Phakathi nenkathi yezikhukhula, izinhlanzi zifika lapho ukuze zizale, ngemva kwalokho izinga lamanzi lehla, futhi i-pike ihlala kuze kube inkathi elandelayo yamanzi aphakeme. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, umhlaseli onomzimba ongalingani uvame ukuvela: unekhanda elikhulu nomzimba omncane.
Isisekelo sokudla sesilwane esizingelayo esinamabala sihlanganisa:
- i-leech, tadpoles, izikelemu;
- ama-crustaceans nama-benthic organisms;
- amaxoxo, izinhlanzi ezisencane;
- izinyoni zasemanzini namagundane.
I-pike ayideleli inzalo yayo futhi ivame ukuhlasela uhlobo lwayo. Umlomo obanzi uyamvumela ukuthi adle noma yini: kusukela ezinhlanzini ezincane kuya kumagundane abhukuda ngaphesheya komfula. Ekuqaleni kokuphila, lapho izibungu ezichanyuselwa emaqandeni ziqala indlela yazo, zidla i-plankton, i-cyclops, i-daphnia nezinye izinto ezincane. I-pike fry inobude obungu-7-8 mm futhi, lapho i-yolk sac ihlanganiswa kabusha, ishintshela endleleni yokuphila yesilwane esizingelayo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, inhlanzi encane izuza isisindo esingu-100 g futhi ingadla kokubili i-fish caviar, izibungu, nezinsana. I-pike encane igcina engashoni, emngceleni wezitshalo, kukholamu yamanzi ngaphezu kwemigodi.
Ukungabikho kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo kukuvumela ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile, udle kakhulu futhi ungesabi ukuhlaselwa kwe-perch, chub, zander noma catfish. I-pike encane endaweni yamanzi, kulula ukuthi ithole isisindo.
Ebusika, lapho indlala yomoya-mpilo iqala ngaphansi kweqhwa, ukukhula kwezinhlanzi kuncipha. Wonke amandla asetshenziswa ekukhuleni kwamaqanda ngaphakathi komuntu, umsoco wawo kanye nezinga lenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Akuyona into yokugcina ethinta ukukhula kwe-pike ukwakheka kwamanzi. Amanzi aqinile athinta ukuzuza kwesisindo sesilwane esizingelayo, asinciphise. Emachibini anothe ngamatshe amagobolondo, i-pike ikhula kancane kunasemachibini e-peat. Usawoti futhi udlala indima.
Ithonya eliwujuqu likhishwa ingcindezi evela kubadobi. Abathandi abaningi bezokungcebeleka ngaphandle babamba izingane ngokungacabangi, bathathe izibonelo zendondo ezingazala inzalo enkulu.
Ukubamba kwe-pike kuthinta ukuba khona kwesilwane esizingelayo endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kanye nenani labantu abakhulu. Uma sicabangela ukubonwa kwe-ichthyologists, khona-ke singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kuthatha okungenani iminyaka engu-10 ukuvela kwesilwane esikhulu esizingelayo emgodini. Ngokwesimo, isilinganiso sabesifazane kwabesilisa siyashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, zihlukaniswa ngokulinganayo, bese kuba khona ukushintshela kwabesilisa. Eminyakeni engu-10-12, kunabesifazane abaningi; ekupheleni komjikelezo wempilo, lesi silinganiso siyama cishe ku-10/90%. Abesifazane bazuza isisindo esiningi futhi baphile isikhathi eside.
Isisindo esimaphakathi kanye nosayizi we-pike
Ngo-1930 eLake Ilmen, kwabanjwa isilwane esizingelayo esingamamitha angu-1,9 ubude nesisindo esingu-35 kg. Lezi kwakuyizindaba ezivusa amadlingozi, njengoba i-pike ngokuvamile ikhula ngamamitha angu-1,6 futhi inesisindo esingu-25 kg.
Manje abadobi abasenayo inhlanhla njengakuqala. Zibamba abantu abancane 50-70 cm kanye nesisindo 1,2-3 kg. Ukubamba okunesisindo esingu-3-7 kg akuvamile kakhulu. Abadobi abaningi bazingela i-pike enesisindo esingu-14-15 kg impilo yabo yonke, kodwa abayitholi.
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala emanzini asendle, lapho zinamathuba onke okuphila kuze kube sekugugeni okuvuthiwe.
Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu - ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100. Nokho, lokhu kuyinganekwane. Eqinisweni, baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-18-20. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu nokunikezwa kwamanzi okwanele ngomoya, ama-pikes angaphila iminyaka engama-30, kodwa ngokuvamile ayafa lapho ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo emanzini kungaphansi kuka-3 mg / l. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi ngobuningi kwenzeka emanzini angashoni ebusika, lapho ukugcwala komoyampilo emanzini kwehla ngenxa yoqweqwe lwamaqhwa.
Ithebula: Isilinganiso sobudala, ubukhulu nesisindo se-pike
Ukuze unqume ubudala be-pike ngesisindo nosayizi, ungasebenzisa idatha elandelayo:
Etafuleni ungathola ukuthi yisiphi isisindo somhlaseli onamabala ofinyelela ku-50, 60, 80 cm ngisho no-1 m ubude, noma okuphambene nalokho - nquma iminyaka ye-pike ngobude noma isisindo. Isibonelo: i-pike engamamitha ubude inesisindo esingama-8,5-9,5 kg, kanti umuntu onesisindo esingu-3 kg waphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12.
Isisindo esiphezulu se-pike
Abadobi baqamba inqwaba yezinganekwane, izinganekwane nezindaba zezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ngokwenganekwane enjalo, i-pike enkulu kunazo zonke yabanjwa eJalimane. Isisindo sayo sasiyi-140 kg, futhi ubude bayo buyi-5,7 m. Nokho, le ndaba ayisekelwa yinoma yimaphi amaqiniso.
Emhlabeni
Ngolunye usuku olubandayo luka-Okthoba ngo-1986 eJalimane, umdobi uLouis Lotaru wadonsa umuntu omkhulu onesisindo esingama-25 kg eLake Griffin. Ngaleso sikhathi yayiyirekhodi, yaze yafakwa ohlwini lweGuinness Book. Kamuva, wenza izingxoxo nomagazini abaziwayo ababenesithakazelo ekubambeni kwakhe. Umdobi wathi wayengacabangi ngisho nokuthi ama-pike amakhulu kangaka angatholakala eLake Griffin. Wabanjwa ephila. ULouis waze wahlupheka, ekhipha into ayitholile emanzini - wamluma izandla.
Futhi ohlwini lwezinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke i-pike, ebanjwe eSwitzerland ngumdobi u-Akom Nilsson. Inyamazane yayinesisindo esingama-21 kg. Inhlanzi yabanjwa ngodobo. Onenhlanhla akakwazanga ukukhulula umhlaseli isikhathi eside, impi yaqhubeka imizuzu engu-15. Kodwa indoda yaqoqa amandla ayo futhi ipiki yadela.
Ngo-December 1990 eSwitzerland, umuntu onesisindo esingu-19 kg wabanjwa ngesiyengo esiphilayo. Umdobi wambamba eLake Maggiore lendawo.
E-Russia
Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke owabanjwa ezweni lakithi irekhodi lika-1930. I-pike yabanjwa eLake Ilmen. Inethiwekhi inesithombe nale nhlanzi (bona ngezansi). Abadobi abathathu abaphile saka bambamba ngezandla zabo. Isilwane esizingelayo sasinesisindo esingama-35 kg.
Elinye irekhodi laseRussia lenziwa ngabadobi eduze nedolobha laseSortavala. Ukubamba okukhulu kangaka kwaba ngengozi, bahudula ezinye izinhlanzi, kodwa kwasebenza njengesiyengo se-pike enkulu. Njengesiheho esingenakuzikhethela, kwakukhona ne-pike enesisindo esingu-5 kg. I-predator yerekhodi yayinesisindo esingama-49 kg.
Nokho, kamuva, enyakatho yeRussia, kwaqoshwa omunye umlando. Owesilisa wabamba inyamazane enesisindo esingu-56 kg eLake Uvildy.
Rekhoda isisindo
Isisindo esiphezulu esisemthethweni somuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni sibhalwe kuGuinness Book of Records. Wabanjwa umdobi wase-Ireland echibini lendawo. Isisindo se-pike enkulu kunazo zonke sasiyi-43,5 kg.
Usayizi omkhulu we-pike
Ngokusho kososayensi, angafinyelela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 futhi enesisindo esingama-35 kg.
Ubude obukhulu be-pike
Kuze kube manje, ubude bayo obukhulu bufinyelela kumitha eyodwa nengxenye.
Yimuphi usayizi we-pike ovunyelwe ukubanjwa
Ubukhulu babantu abavunyelwe ukudotshwa bulawulwa ngumthetho wezwe lapho ukudoba kwenzeka khona. Ukubamba kukalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhala kuya emisebeni ephakathi komsila, lapho izikali ziphela khona.
Yimuphi usayizi we-pike ovunyelwe ukubanjwa eRussia
Ngokwemithetho ye-Russian Federation ka-2019, inani elivumelekile lokubamba yileli:
- I-Pike enomonakalo omkhulu kusuka ku-25 cm.
- Ngokulimala okuncane kusuka ku-35 cm.
I-pike ebanjwe incane ngosayizi kufanele ikhishwe echibini ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Uma umdobi ehlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwemboni yokudoba futhi kutholwa ukwephulwa kobukhulu bezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe, wesatshiswa ngezijeziso ezilandelayo:
- ngokokuqala ngqá - inhlawulo yama-ruble angu-5000 ngokuthathwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nazo zonke izinto zokudoba;
- okwesibili - inhlawulo efika kuma-ruble angama-300 kanye nokuthathwa kwamagiya.
Uma umdobi ephula umthetho njalo, khona-ke ukuqondisa kwemboni yokudoba kunawo wonke amalungelo okufaka isicelo kwabaphathi bamalungelo abantu futhi bafune icala lobugebengu lomdobi.
Yimuphi usayizi we-pike ovunyelwe ukubanjwa eBelarus
ERiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus, ukudoba ama-pike akuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sokuzala - kusukela ngoMashi 1 kuya ku-Ephreli 15 kuzo zonke izifunda ngaphandle kweVitebsk. Futhi esifundeni saseVitebsk, awukwazi ukubamba le nhlanzi kusukela ngo-Mashi 9 kuya ku-Ephreli 25. Ubukhulu bomuntu ngamunye kufanele bube okungenani u-35 cm.
Awukwazi ukubamba ngaphezu kuka-5 kg wale nhlanzi umuntu ngamunye ngosuku.
Ezweni lase-our country
Iziphathimandla zase-our country ziphinde zinakekele ukugcwaliswa kwe-biocenosis yemithombo yamanzi. Umthetho uvimbela ukubamba i-pike endaweni yoLwandle Olumnyama ngaphansi kuka-32 cm, ubude besilwane esizingelayo esifundeni sase-Azov kumele okungenani bube ngu-35 cm. Umuntu osemncane uyakwazi ukuletha inzalo eningi, yingakho lapho inhlanzi enjalo ifika ku-hook, kufanele ikhishwe ngokushesha emanzini.
I-Pike iyinhlanzi eyingqayizivele, okuye kwaqanjwa ngayo izinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane, ezihlotshaniswa nobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ngeshwa, ama-pikes amakhulu ayivelakancane kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21. Kepha, mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku uzoba nenhlanhla futhi uzoba umnikazi wendebe yokuqopha.