Okuqukethwe
Kwesinye isikhathi siyaqonda ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili, kodwa siyesaba ukushintsha okuthile futhi sizithole sisesimweni esibi. Ukwesaba izinguquko kuvelaphi?
“Njalo uma ngizithola ngisesimweni esibi futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi akukho okuzoshintsha, kuvele kuvele izizathu ekhanda lami ukuthi kungani ngingamshiyi. Kuyangicasula izintombi zami ngoba engingakusho yindlela engingajabule ngayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo anginaso isibindi sokuhamba. Ngineminyaka engu-8 ngishadile, kule minyaka engu-3 umshado usuphenduke ukuhlukunyezwa okuphelele. Kwenzenjani?"
Le ngxoxo yangithakasela. Ngazibuza ukuthi kungani kunzima ukuthi abantu bahambe, nakuba bengajabule neze. Ngagcina ngibhala incwadi ngale ndaba. Isizathu akusikho nje ukuthi emasikweni ethu kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ukubekezela, ukuqhubeka nokulwa futhi ungadikibali. Abantu bahlelwe ngokwebhayoloji ukuthi bangahambi kusenesikhathi.
Iphuzu lisezimo zengqondo ezisala efeni lamadlozi. Kwakulula kakhulu ukusinda njengengxenye yesizwe, ngakho abantu basendulo, besaba amaphutha angenakulungiseka, abazange balokothe baphile ngokuzimela. Izindlela zokucabanga eziqulekile ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi zibe nomthelela ezinqumweni esizenzayo. Baholela ekugcineni. Indlela yokuphuma kuyo? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezikhubaza ikhono lokwenza.
Sesaba ukulahlekelwa «i-investments»
Igama lesayensi lalesi simo ukukhohlisa kwezindleko ezishisiwe. Ingqondo yesaba ukulahlekelwa isikhathi, umzamo, imali esesiyisebenzisile. Isikhundla esinjalo sibonakala sinokulinganisela, sinengqondo futhi sinomthwalo wemfanelo - akufanele yini indoda esikhulile ithathele phezulu izimali zayo?
Empeleni akunjalo. Yonke into oyichithile isivele ihambile, futhi ngeke ubuyisele «utshalomali» emuva. Leli phutha lengqondo likubambezele — «Sengivele ngamosha iminyaka eyishumi yempilo yami kulo mshado, uma ngihamba manje, sonke leso sikhathi sizobe simoshakala! - futhi ikwenza ungacabangi ngalokho esingakuzuza ngonyaka, emibili noma emihlanu, uma sisanquma ukuhamba.
Siyazikhohlisa ngokubona izitayela zokuthuthuka lapho zingekho khona.
Izici ezimbili zobuchopho "zingabongwa" ngalokhu - ukuthambekela kokubuka "cishe ukuwina" njengokunqoba kwangempela kanye nokuchayeka ekuqinisweni okuphakathi. Lezi zakhiwo ziwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi “Cishe Ukunqoba,” kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokuluthwa amakhasino nokugembula. Uma izimpawu ezifanayo ezi-3 kwezi-4 ziwela emshinini we-slot, lokhu akuwandisi amathuba okuthi ngokuzayo zonke ezi-4 zizofana, kodwa ubuchopho buqinisekile ukuthi kancane futhi i-jackpot izoba eyethu. Ubuchopho busabela kokuthi «cishe uwine» ngendlela efanayo nokuwina kwangempela.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ubuchopho buyakwamukela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqinisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kokunye ukuhlola, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uBurres Skinner safaka amagundane amathathu alambile emakhejini anezinsimbi. Ekhejini lokuqala, umshini ngamunye wokucindezela i-lever wawunika amagundane ukudla. Lithe lingakubona lokho igundane, lahamba lenza ezinye izinto, lakhohlwa iphinifa laze lalamba.
Uma izenzo zinikeza imiphumela kuphela ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuvusa ukubekezela okukhethekile futhi kunikeza ithemba elingenasisekelo.
Ekhejini lesibili, ukucindezela i-lever akwenzanga lutho, futhi lapho igundane lifunda lokhu, lakhohlwa ngokushesha nge-lever. Kodwa ekhejini lesithathu, igundane, ngokucindezela i-lever, ngezinye izikhathi lalithola ukudla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lingatholi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-intermittent reinforcement. Ngenxa yalokho, isilwane sahlanya ngokoqobo, sicindezela i-lever.
Ukuqinisa ngezikhathi ezithile kunomphumela ofanayo ebuchosheni bomuntu. Uma izenzo zinikeza imiphumela kuphela ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuvusa ukuphikelela okukhethekile futhi kunikeza ithemba elingenasisekelo. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ubuchopho buzothatha icala ngalinye, lenze ihaba ngokubaluleka kwalo, futhi lisiqinisekise ukuthi liyingxenye yenkambiso evamile.
Ngokwesibonelo, umngane womshado wake wenza njengoba ubucelile, futhi ngokushesha ukungabaza kuyashabalala futhi ubuchopho bukhale ngokoqobo: “Konke kuzolunga! Waba ngcono.” Khona-ke umlingani uthatha endala, futhi siphinde sicabange ukuthi ngeke kube nomndeni ojabulayo, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngokuzumayo uba nothando nokunakekela, futhi siphinde sicabange: "Yebo! Konke kuzohamba kahle! Uthando lunqoba konke!"
Sesaba kakhulu ukulahlekelwa endala kunokuba sifuna ukuthola entsha.
Sonke sihleleke kakhulu. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uDaniel Kahneman sathola uMklomelo KaNobel Kwezomnotho ngokufakazela ukuthi abantu benza izinqumo eziyingozi ezisekelwe ngokuyinhloko esifisweni sokugwema ukulahlekelwa. Ungase uzibheke njenge-daredevil ephelelwe ithemba, kodwa ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa okuhlukile.
Ukuhlola izinzuzo ezingaba khona, silungele cishe noma yini ukugwema ukulahlekelwa okuqinisekisiwe. Umqondo othi “ungalahlekelwa yilokho onakho” uyabusa ngoba ekujuleni kwethu sonke siyaqina. Futhi ngisho nalapho singajabule ngokujulile, kukhona ngempela esingafuni ukusilahlekela, ikakhulukazi uma singakucabangi lokho okusilindele esikhathini esizayo.
Futhi yini umphumela? Uma sicabanga ngalokho esingase sikulahlekele, kunjengokungathi sifaka amaketanga ezinyaweni zethu ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-50. Kwesinye isikhathi thina ngokwethu siba yisithiyo okumele sinqotshwe ukuze siguqule okuthile empilweni.