Uyini umphumela we-placebo: izimo zokusetshenziswa kwangempela

Siyajabula ukunamukela, bafundi abathandekayo! Umphumela we-placebo yilapho umuntu ezizwa engcono ngemva kokuphuza umuthi mbumbulu onezakhiwo ezingathathi hlangothi. Futhi namuhla sizocabangela izici zayo eziyinhloko, izinhlobo kanye nomlando wemvelaphi.

Umlando wesenzeko

Leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa udokotela obulala izinzwa uHenry Beecher. Cishe ngo-1955, wathola ukuthi amasosha alimele ayejovwe ngosawoti ojwayelekile ngenxa yokushoda kwamaphilisi ezinhlungu ayelulama ngokulingana nalawo athola umuthi ngokuqondile. Lapho ebuya empini, wabutha ozakwabo kusukela Harvard University futhi ngenkuthalo waqala ukufunda lesi simo.

Kodwa umlando wemvelaphi uqala ngawo-1700. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ukusabela okungavamile komzimba kwaqashelwa khona ngenxa yento eyayingenazo nhlobo izimfanelo zokwelapha. Okusho ukuthi, umuntu walulama, eqiniseka ukuthi wayedla umuthi, nakuba empeleni wathola "i-dummy".

Odokotela ngokwabo baphatha ukusetshenziswa kwe-placebos njengamanga aphoqelelwe, ukuze bangaphinde "bafake izinto" iziguli ngezidakamizwa ezithambekele ku-hypochondria, okungukuthi, ukusola ngokweqile nokugxila empilweni yabo. Ungathola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyini, futhi ngokumelene nesizinda salokho okuthuthukisayo, kusukela esihlokweni esimayelana nokusola.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nkulumo yaziwa kakhulu futhi ijwayele cishe wonke umuntu emhlabeni, ayikaqondwa kahle. Ochwepheshe abakwazi ukunikeza incazelo enembile yalokho okwenzeka kumuntu ngokumelene nesizinda se-self-hypnosis.

Ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu

Lo mphumela uvamile, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uvame ukucabangela ukungabi khona kobuhlungu nokugula njengesibonakaliso sokululama. Futhi njengoba ungabona esibonelweni sakho siqu, uma uzijwayeza ukuzindla, ungakwazi ukulawula ukushuba kokuzwa kobuhlungu ngamandla okucabanga, uphumule futhi ugxile eqinisweni lokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ushiya umzimba uphefumula, umoya ngamunye. Uma ungazilolongi, kulula ukukulungisa uma uthanda, bheka lapha.

I-placebo ingaba:

• Active, okungukuthi, iqukethe okungenani izinto ezincane eziwusizo. Okuvame kakhulu i-vitamin C, engalimazi umzimba, kodwa kunalokho isiza emakhazeni kanye nesifo esibi njenge-scurvy. Itholakala ku-ascorbic acid, ngezinye izikhathi inqunywa ngaphansi kokucasha kwamaphilisi amahle, afakazelwe futhi aphezulu.

• I-Passive, okungukuthi, ukungathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele esenzweni. I-psychology yomuntu osikiselayo iwukuthi uzozizwa ekhululekile emanzini anosawoti ajwayelekile, ewathatha njengesidambisi sobuhlungu esiphumelelayo.

Kukhona into enjenge-nocebo, futhi izibonakalisa ngendlela ehlukile, okungukuthi, umuntu uqala ukuzizwa kabi. Isibonelo, kufanelekile ukufunda uhlu lwe-contraindication kunoma yiliphi ikhambi, njengoba izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zivela ngokushesha. Kube nezimo lapho abantu abathintekayo ikakhulukazi behlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngisho nokufa.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa

1. Ukukhangisa kwenza umsebenzi wawo, ngoba uma unikeza umuntu "i-dummy" yomkhiqizo odumile, ngokuqinisekile uzokholelwa ezindaweni zayo zokuphulukisa, ikakhulukazi uma, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuvela ukuthi kuyabiza.
2. Umbala nawo ubalulekile, isibonelo, uma uthatha into eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izoba nomphumela wokuzola, kodwa uma iphuzi, izosiza ukubhekana nesimo esibi ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka.
3. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele wengeze izinto ezisebenzayo ku-"dummy" ukuze zifane nezangempela emphumeleni wazo. Isibonelo, i-emetic, ukuze isiguli sigule kancane, njengoba kuchazwe ku-iresiphi.
4. I-capsule ekhanyayo futhi engavamile, kungenzeka ukuthi i-self-hypnosis izophumelela. Yonke into enhle idonsa ukunaka futhi idala inkohliso yokuthi izosebenza kangcono kunephilisi elimhlophe elivamile le-banal. Ngendlela, usayizi nawo uthinta, ama-dragees amancane awanikezi umphumela, ngokungafani namaphilisi amakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi okunzima ukuwagwinya.
5. Isebenza kahle kakhulu uma umuntu ephuza amaphilisi amabili ngokulandelana. Futhi, ngendlela, kungcono ukuphuza kabili kanye ngosuku kunokuba izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
6. Uma ukhetha phakathi komjovo namaphilisi, umjovo ubukeka uqine kakhulu, yingakho ukusebenza kuphezulu.

Izincomo

• Izingane zingaphansi kokusikisela, ngoba azinayo imibono ecacile mayelana naleli zwe nokuthi kwenzekani kulo, ngakho-ke bakholelwa ezimangalisweni ezihlukahlukene, ezithuthukisa kuphela umphumela we "pacifiers". Abantu abadala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bayaqonda ukuthi yini engokoqobo nokuthi yini engekho, ngakho-ke baziboleka ekugxekeni nasekuhloleni lezo zikhathi lapho bethambekele khona kahle. Kodwa uma umuntu engayiqondi imithi, kuyoba lula futhi kuye ukuba "aphefumulele" imibono mayelana nezidakamizwa ezimangalisayo ezizosiza ngempela.
• By the way, ungazithola usungene emuthini mbumbulu. Kukhona ukuncika kwengqondo, ukuluthwa kwezidakamizwa, ezingenazo izinto ezisebenzayo.
• Ukuqina kokubonakaliswa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Ake sithi ukugoma kuvame kakhulu e-United States, futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi iningi labantu lithambekele ku-hypochondria, okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko.
• Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi naphezu kokuqaphela komuntu ukuthi uthatha isidakamizwa esingumgunyathi, ukululama kusenzeka, njengokungathi uthole ukwelashwa «okujwayelekile».
• Uyazi ukuthi kungani imithi ehlukile ithandwa kangaka? Ngokuvamile ngokuvamile kubonisa imiphumela emihle, futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi "ochwepheshe" banaka ngokwanele iziguli zabo, okungeke kushiwo ngodokotela bendabuko, abadinga futhi ukuhlala umugqa omude. Ngemva kokuthola ingxenye yesithakazelo esidingeka kakhulu kumuntu wakhe, umuntu uyazola ngempela, okumenza azizwe engcono. Kodwa-ke, uma umsebenzi wezokwelapha enomusa kakhulu, umuthi mbumbulu uzophumelela kakhulu. Phela, umuntu onjalo omuhle nonozwelo angakwazi ngempela ukwelapha. Akuyona?

Ucwaningo

Uyazi ukuthi bathola kanjani ukuthi umphumela we-placebo uyavela noma cha? Yenza ucwaningo ngokuqasha iqembu labantu abanokuxilongwa okufanayo, bese ulihlukanisa libe ngamaqembu amancane. Eyokuqala iwukulawula, ababambiqhaza bayo bazothola ukwelashwa okuphelele, okwesibili kuyisivivinyo, "i-dummy" izosatshalaliswa kuyo, kanti eyesithathu iyindlela yokulinganisa, kuzoba nayo ukuthi imiphumela izoba. ehambisanayo futhi eqhathaniswa, njengoba abantu abangamalungu ayo ngeke bayithole imithi .

Esimeni lapho ababambiqhaza bebengazi ukuthi bangaliphi iqembu, ukuhlolwa noma ukulinganisa, ucwaningo olunjalo lubizwa ngokuthi impumputhe. Uma ngisho nodokotela ngokwabo bengawazi wonke ama-nuances, khona-ke i-double blind, okuyinto, ngendlela, ethembeke kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa. Kuphela kuleli cala, izidakamizwa eziningi zavela ezingenazo izingxenye ezinomphumela wokwelapha emzimbeni, njenge-glycine, i-riboxin, i-glucosamine, njalonjalo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo bayanqikaza ukusebenzisa imithi yomgunyathi, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo sokusiza iziguli, ngoba ithemba selivele liyingxenye yokululama, futhi akufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi "ukugxilisa" umzimba ngezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho izifo zavela ngemuva kwesizinda somzwelo. ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukumezeka nokuzikhandla ngokweqile.

Izifo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-psychosomatic, futhi kuze kube yilapho kubuyiselwa ukuthula kwengqondo, ngeke zinyamalale. Isibonelo, izilonda zesisu eziphulukisiwe zingavela ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho umuntu eqaphela izikhalo zakhe, aziqongelela ngaphakathi kuye futhi angacacisi ubuhlobo.

Ake sibheke izibonelo zokwelashwa kwe-placebo okumangalisa ngempela.

Izibonelo

1. Ochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe benze ucwaningo kubantu abaphethwe yisifo sikaParkinson. Iziguli zahlukaniswa zaba amaqembu amabili, kwelinye abahlanganyeli bahlinzwa, "batshala" amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni, okwakufanele abasize ukuba balulame, kanti kwelinye batshelwa nje ukuthi kwenziwa ukukhohlisa okufanayo kanye nabo. , empeleni, ngaphandle kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa .

Ngendlela, ukuhlolwa kwakuyimpumputhe kabili, okungukuthi, ngisho nodokotela ngokwabo babengazi imininingwane. Futhi ucabangani? Ngemva konyaka, zonke iziguli zabonisa imiphumela emihle.

2. Phakathi nempi ngo-1994, isosha elilodwa lalimala emlenzeni walo, kodwa udokotela wayengenawo amaphilisi ezinhlungu. Kodwa wathola indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ngokunikeza isosha elilimele amanzi avamile, ekhuluma ngezici zalo ezinamandla zokudambisa izinhlungu. Ngokumangalisayo, kwasebenza.

3. Ngamandla okucabanga, kungenzeka ngisho nokwelapha umdlavuza, njengoba kufakazelwa indaba yendoda eyodwa esanda kutholakala inalesi sifo esinzima. Wehle ngesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-44 ngesikhathi esifushane, njengoba isifo esicashile sihlasela umphimbo wakhe, futhi wayengakwazi ukudla ngokugcwele, isikhathi esiningi ehlushwa izinhlungu.

Udokotela okhona weshwa, kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, wanquma ukumfundisa izindlela zokuzikhohlisa ukuze okungenani asize ekudambiseni lesi simo kancane. Ngokucabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ashiya kanjani umzimba ngosizo lwezinso nesibindi, le ndoda ayikwazanga nje ukuzizwa ingcono, kodwa futhi ilulame.

Isiphetho

Futhi yilokho kuphela okwanamuhla, bafundi abathandekayo! Okokugcina, ngithanda ukuncoma ukuthi ungayeki ukwelashwa kwendabuko esikhundleni sokunye, ukuze kungaveli umphumela ophambene - i-nocebo, kodwa, ngokulandela izincomo zochwepheshe, futhi ucabange kahle ukuze uzisize ube nempilo futhi ugcwele amandla. . Ungakwenza kanjani ngendlela efanele, uzofunda esihlokweni esimayelana nokukhishwa kwe-alpha. Zinakekele wena nabathandekayo bakho!