Okuqukethwe
Ukukhulelwa ngemva kuka-30: kangcono umsebenzi kanye iholo
Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yiNational Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), Abesifazane abayisi-8 kwabayi-10 basebenza eqenjini leminyaka yobudala engama-25-53 (Isibindi) (1). Isikhathi se Abaneminyaka emi-20 kuya kwemi-30 uya ngokuya uzinikela ezifundweni, ukuhlanganiswa empilweni yokusebenza kanye nokuthola isimo sochwepheshe esizinzile. Kafushane, akusona isikhathi esifanele sokuba nengane. Ngokocwaningo lwaseMelika-Danish olushicilelwe ngoJanuwari 2016 (2), lesi sibalo singaba nenzuzo ngisho nangokwezimali. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya imininingwane yabesifazane baseDenmark abayizigidi eziyi-1,6 phakathi kuka-1996 no-2009, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ukuthola ingane yakho yokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-30 wenziwe ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwezimali, kokubili mayelana neholo kanye nekhefu lokuyoteta, nalapho uthola ingane yakho yokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-25 ubudala. KuRaùl Santaeulalia-Llopis, umbhali oyinhloko wocwaningo: “Izingane aziwuchithi umsebenzi, kodwa uma zisheshe zafika, iholo likamama liya kuncipha.Ngakho-ke kunenzuzo yangempela yezezimali kwabesifazane, futhi ngokubanzi ngochwepheshe, ekubambezeleni iminyaka yokuzala.
Ungakhulelwa kuze kube nini ubudala?
Ngokuqondene nezibalo, ukubhekwa kuyafana: ukuzala, okufinyelela umkhawulo wakho eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, kuyaqhubeka nokuncipha, ekuqaleni kancane kancane phakathi kweminyaka engu-20 no-30 ubudala, bese kakhulu phakathi kuka-30 no-40. Eminyakeni engu-25 ubudala, umjikelezo ngamunye wokuya esikhathini has Amathuba angu-25% okukhulelwa. Ngaphandle uma kukhona okungavamile, ngakho-ke kuthiwa kufanele sikhulelwe ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-4 zokuya ocansini okungavikelekile, nakuba seluleka ukuthi silinde unyaka ngaphambi kokubonisana. Lesi sibalo sehla sibe ngu-15% wamathuba okukhulelwa ngomjikelezo ngamunye eneminyaka engu-30, bese kuba ngu-10-12% eneminyaka engu-35. Lapho uneminyaka engu-40, amathuba okukhulelwa umntwana angama-5 kuya ku-6% kuphela ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Ekugcineni, ngemva kweminyaka engama-45, amathuba okukhulelwa kwemvelo azungeze u-0,5% ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Ngokwezibalo, le datha ivele ikhombise ukuthi uma ulinda isikhathi eside, kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuthi ukhulelwe futhi udinga ukusebenzisa ukuzala okusizwa ngokwezempilo.
Ngabe uneminyaka emingaki ukuzala?
Uma odokotela bezifo zabesifazane besikhuthaza kakhulu ukuba sibe nezingane zethu ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-35 ubudala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lama-oocyte liyawohloka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. “ Phakathi namahora angu-36 andulela ukuqanda kweqanda, i-oocyte evuthiwe kufanele ikhiphe isethi yama-chromosome, ukuze ihambisane nofuzo nesidoda futhi inikeze umuntu ophile kahle. », Kuchaza uProf. Wolf, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane kanye nenhloko yomnyango we-Cecos (3) weSibhedlela sase-Cochin eParis. “ Nokho, lokhu kukhishwa kwezakhi zofuzo kudinga amandla amakhulu, wona ngokwawo alokhu encipha. Cishe eminyakeni engu-37 ubudala, amandla atholakalayo okuxosha le sethi yama-chromosome aqala ukuntuleka. Lesi yisizathu esenza amacala ka i-trisomy 21, kanye nokunye okungavamile kofuzo, kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezisuka kule minyaka. »
Kodwa uma ukuqanda amaqanda akho usemncane kungandisa amathuba okukhulelwa sekwephuzile kamuva, lokho akusona ngempela isibalo esihle. Ngoba lokhu kukhulelwa kuhlala kuyingozi kakhulu, kokubili empilweni yengane kanye nomama, ngisho noma i-oocyte ikwazi ukusebenza ngofuzo. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, ukukhubazeka komntwana, ukukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi ... Ngemva kweminyaka engama-40-45, izinkinga zingokoqobo.
Iminyaka efanelekile phakathi kokukhulelwa okubili
Ngokusobala, lapho sifuna izingane eziningi, kuba nesithakazelo esikhulu “ukuqalisa” kusenesikhathi ukuba nesikhathi esanele phambi kwakho. Ngokufanayo, uma wazi ukuthi unesifo esilimaza ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukuzala (i-endometriosis, i-fibroids, ama-ovari e-polycystic), kungcono ukuthi ungalibali kakhulu. Befisa ukuthola ngokunembile iminyaka efanelekile ngokwesifundo esicatshangwayo, abacwaningi baseDashi (4) benze imodeli yekhompyutha esekelwe ekuguqukeni kokuzala nobudala. Ngokuhlanganisa idatha yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300, babala iphesenti lamathuba okuba nenani elifiselekayo lezingane, ngakolunye uhlangothi bethola ithuba lokuvundiswa nge-in vitro, ngakolunye ukuze bakwazi ukusabela kukho.
Ukuze okungenani ube nethuba elingu-90%.abe nengane eyodwa vo, umbhangqwana kufanele uqale ukukhulelwa ingane lapho umlingani okungenani iminyaka engu-35 ubudala, uma i-in vitro fertilization iyindlela ecatshangelwayo. Lesi sibalo sehla safinyelela ku-31 uma ufuna ukuba nezingane ezimbili, futhi ngo 28 uma ufuna ezintathu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umuntu engayicabangi i-IVF, kuzodingeka ngokwesibonelo qala ukuhlolwa kwengane yokuqala eneminyaka engama-27, uma ufuna izingane ezimbili, futhi kusukela eminyakeni engu-23 uma ufuna ezintathu. Ngaphezu kokunikeza izibalo (okungafanele zithathwe njengoba zinjalo, owesifazane ngamunye ehlukile), lezi zinkomba zinokufaneleka kokusikhumbuza ukuthi umzimba wesifazane awuwona umshini. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kokuqala, umzimba kufanele unikezwe isikhathi sokululama.
(1) Isiqondiso sokugqwayiza kocwaningo, izifundo kanye nezibalo. (2) Isibuyekezo se-PlOs One, 22/01/16. (3) Isikhungo Socwaningo Nokugcinwa Kwamaqanda Omuntu kanye Nesidoda.(4) Revue Human Reproduction, 01/06/2015.