Izincwadi ziduduza, zinikeza imizwa ekhanyayo, zisiza ukuziqonda kangcono thina nabanye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingashintsha ngisho nezimpilo zethu. Kungani sikujabulela ukufunda? Futhi ingabe izincwadi zingabangela umphumela we-psychotherapeutic?
Psychology: Ukufunda kungenye yezinjabulo ezinkulu kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu. Iphezulu kwimisebenzi eyi-10 ethobisa kakhulu, okuletha umuzwa omkhulu wenjabulo nokwaneliseka kokuphila. Ucabanga ukuthi ayini amandla alo omlingo?
UStanislav Raevsky, umhlaziyi weJungian: Umlingo oyinhloko wokufunda, kubonakala kimi, ukuthi uvusa umcabango. Omunye wemibono yokuthi kungani umuntu ehlakaniphe kangaka, ehlukanisiwe nezilwane, ukuthi wafunda ukucabanga. Futhi lapho sifunda, sivumela ukucabanga nokucabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincwadi zesimanje zohlobo olungezona izinganekwane, ngokubona kwami, zithakazelisa kakhulu futhi zibalulekile kunezinganekwane ngalo mqondo. Sihlangana kuzo zombili indaba yomphenyi kanye nezici ze-psychoanalysis; izikhathi ezijulile ezingokomzwelo ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka lapho.
Ngisho noma umbhali ekhuluma ngezihloko ezibonakala zingabonakali njenge-physics, akagcini nje ngokubhala ngolimi oluphilayo lomuntu, kodwa futhi uveza iqiniso lakhe elingaphakathi ezimweni zangaphandle, okwenzeka kuye, okubalulekile kuye, yonke leyo mizwelo, ayitholayo. iyahlangabezana. Futhi izwe elisizungezile liyaphila.
Uma sikhuluma ngezincwadi ngomqondo obanzi, kwelapha kanjani ukufunda izincwadi?
Kuyalapha ngempela. Okokuqala nje, thina ngokwethu sihlala enovelini. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezilandisayo zithanda ukusho ukuthi ngamunye wethu uhlala endaweni ethile okunzima kakhulu ukuphuma kuyo. Futhi sizitshela indaba efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi lapho sifunda, sinethuba elingandile lokusuka kulokhu, okwethu, umlando siye komunye. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-mirror neurons, okuyinto, kanye nomcabango, yenze okuningi ekuthuthukiseni impucuko.
Zisisiza ukuba siqonde omunye umuntu, ukuzwa izwe lakhe langaphakathi, ukuba sendabeni yakhe.
Leli khono lokuphila impilo yomunye, yiqiniso, liyinjabulo emangalisayo. Njengesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ngiphila ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene nsuku zonke, ngijoyina amakhasimende ami. Futhi abafundi bangakwenza lokhu ngokuxhumana namaqhawe ezincwadi futhi bazwelane nawo ngobuqotho.
Ukufunda izincwadi ezihlukene futhi ngaleyo ndlela sixhumane nabalingiswa abahlukene, ngomqondo othile sixhuma abantu abancane abahlukene kithi ngokwethu. Phela, kubonakala kithi kuphela ukuthi umuntu oyedwa uhlala kithi, okubonakala ngendlela eyodwa. "Ukuphila" izincwadi ezahlukene, singazama imibhalo ehlukene kithi, izinhlobo ezahlukene. Futhi lokhu, vele, kusenza sibe ngabaphelele, sibe mnandi kakhulu - kithina.
Yiziphi izincwadi ozincoma ngokukhethekile kumakhasimende akho?
Ngizithanda kakhulu izincwadi okuthi, ngaphezu kolimi oluhle, zibe nomgwaqo noma indlela. Lapho umbhali uyazi kahle indawo ethile. Ngokuvamile, sikhathazeka ngokufuna incazelo. Kubantu abaningi, incazelo yokuphila kwabo ayibonakali: lapho ukuya khona, yini okufanele uyenze? Kungani size size kulomhlaba? Futhi lapho umbhali ekwazi ukunikeza izimpendulo zale mibuzo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma izincwadi ze-semantic, kufaka phakathi izincwadi eziqanjiwe, kumakhasimende ami.
Isibonelo, ngiwathanda kakhulu amanoveli e-Hyoga. Ngihlale ngifana nabalingiswa bakhe. Lokhu kokubili umseshi kanye nokuzindla okujule kakhulu kwencazelo yempilo. Kimina kubonakala kuhle njalo uma umbhali enokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe. Angiyena umsekeli wezincwadi lapho lokhu kukhanya kuvalwe khona.
Ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo lwenziwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uShira Gabriel waseNyuvesi yaseBuffalo (USA). Abahlanganyeli ocwaningweni lwakhe bafunde izingcaphuno ezivela ku-Harry Potter base bephendula imibuzo esivivinyweni. Kwavela ukuthi baqala ukuzibona ngendlela ehlukile: kubonakala sengathi bangena ezweni lamaqhawe encwadi, bezizwa njengofakazi noma ngisho nabahlanganyeli ezenzakalweni. Abanye baze bathi banamandla omlingo. Kuvela ukuthi ukufunda, okusivumela ukuba sigxile kwelinye izwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusiza ukubalekela izinkinga, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi yini ukucabanga okunobudlova kusiyise kude kakhulu?
Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukufunda kungaba uhlobo lomuthi ngempela kithi, nakuba oluphephe kakhulu. Kungadala ukukhohlisa okuhle esingene kukho, sisuke empilweni yangempela, sigweme uhlobo oluthile lokuhlupheka. Kodwa uma umuntu engena ezweni lamaphupho, ukuphila kwakhe akushintshi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Futhi izincwadi ezine-semantic eyengeziwe, ofuna ukukhombisa phezu kwazo, ziphikisana nomlobi, zingasetshenziswa empilweni yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngemva kokufunda incwadi, ungakwazi ukushintsha ngokuphelele ikusasa lakho, uze uyiqale phansi
Ngesikhathi ngifika ngizofunda eJung Institute eZurich, ngahlabeka umxhwele ukuthi bonke abantu ababelapho babebadala kakhulu kunami. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engaba ngu-30 ubudala, futhi iningi labo lalineminyaka engu-50-60 ubudala. Futhi ngamangala ukuthi abantu bafunda kanjani kuleyo minyaka. Futhi baqeda ingxenye yesiphetho sabo futhi engxenyeni yesibili banquma ukutadisha i-psychology, ukuba babe ochwepheshe bezengqondo.
Lapho ngibuza ukuthi yini eyabashukumisela ukuba benze lokhu, baphendula: “Incwadi kaJung” Izinkumbulo, Amaphupho, Ukucabanga, “safunda futhi saqonda ukuthi konke kwakulotshwe ngathi, futhi sifuna ukukwenza lokhu kuphela.”
Futhi kwenzeka okufanayo eRussia: abaningi engisebenza nabo bavuma ukuthi incwadi ka-Vladimir Levy ethi The Art of Being Yourself, okuwukuphela kwencwadi yezengqondo etholakala eSoviet Union, yabenza baba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Ngendlela efanayo, ngiqinisekile ukuthi abanye, ngokufunda ezinye izincwadi zezibalo, babe yizazi zezibalo, kanti abanye, ngokufunda ezinye izincwadi, babe ababhali.
Ingabe incwadi ingashintsha impilo noma cha? Ucabangani?
Incwadi, ngokungangabazeki, ingaba nomphumela onamandla kakhulu futhi ngandlela thize iguqule ukuphila kwethu. Ngombandela obalulekile: incwadi kumele ibe sendaweni yokuthuthukiswa okusondelene. Manje, uma sesivele sinokuthile okusethiwe ngaphakathi ngalesi sikhathi, ukulungela ushintsho sekuvuthiwe, incwadi iba yi-catalyst eqala le nqubo. Kukhona okushintsha ngaphakathi kimi - bese ngithola izimpendulo zemibuzo yami encwadini. Khona-ke ivula indlela ngempela futhi ingashintsha kakhulu.
Ukuze umuntu ezwe isidingo sokufunda, le ncwadi kufanele ibe umngane ojwayelekile nodingekayo ekuphileni kusukela ebuntwaneni. Umkhuba wokufunda kumele uthuthukiswe. Izingane zanamuhla - ngokujwayelekile - azinantshisekelo yokufunda. Kunini lapho kungakephuzi kakhulu ukulungisa yonke into nokuthi ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ukuba ithande ukufunda?
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezemfundo yisibonelo! Ingane ikhiqiza kabusha indlela yethu yokuziphatha
Uma sibambeke kumagajethi noma sibukele i-TV, mancane amathuba okuthi afunde. Futhi akusizi ukumtshela ukuthi: “Ngicela ufunde incwadi, ngisabuka i-TV.” Lokhu kuyaxaka. Ngicabanga ukuthi uma bobabili abazali befunda ngaso sonke isikhathi, khona-ke ingane izoba nesithakazelo ekufundeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphila esikhathini somlingo, izincwadi zezingane ezingcono kakhulu ziyatholakala, sinokukhethwa okukhulu kwezincwadi okunzima ukuzibeka phansi. Udinga ukuthenga, zama izincwadi ezahlukene. Ingane nakanjani izothola incwadi yakhe futhi iqonde ukuthi ukufunda kumnandi kakhulu, kuyathuthuka. Ngamafuphi nje, kufanele kube nezincwadi eziningi endlini.
Kufanele ufunde izincwadi ngokuzwakalayo kuze kube nini ubudala?
Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ufunde uze ufe. Angisakhulumi ngezingane manje, kodwa ngomunye nomunye, ngezithandani. Ngeluleka amakhasimende ami ukuthi afunde nozakwethu. Kuyintokozo enkulu futhi enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zothando lapho sifundelana izincwadi ezinhle.
Mayelana nochwepheshe
UStanislav Raevsky – Jungian umhlaziyi, umqondisi Institute for Creative Psychology.
Inhlolokhono yaqoshwa iphrojekthi ehlanganyelwe yePsychologies nomsakazo "Isiko" "Isimo: Ebudlelwaneni", umsakazo "Isiko", November 2016.