Iyini i-tachycardia?
Sikhuluma nge-tachycardia lapho, ekuphumuleni, ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca umzimba, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho 100 ama-pulsations ngemizuzu. Inhliziyo ithathwa njengeshaya ngokujwayelekile uma iphakathi kwama-60 nama-90 beats ngomzuzu.
Ku-tachycardia, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kushesha kokushaya kwenhliziyo kungaba unomphela noma kudlule. Kwezinye izimo kungase kungaholeli akukho uphawu. Kwezinye izimo, kungabangela isiyezi, ikhanda elilula noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ngakho-ke i-tachycardia ingasukela ekuphazamisekeni okuncane kuya ekuphazamisekeni okubi kakhulu okungaholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehluka kanjani? Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liyahlukahluka kuye ngesidingo somzimba somoya-mpilo. Lapho umzimba udinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, ukuze ikwazi ukujikeleza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe, athwala umoya-mpilo wethu. Ngakho, ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba, imisipha yethu idinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, inhliziyo iyashesha. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwenyukayo akukona ukuphela kokujwayela kwenhliziyo yethu, futhi kungashaya ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi, inkontileka ngendlela enamandla kakhulu. Isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo sinqunywa nayindlela inhliziyo esebenza ngayo. Kwezinye izifo zenhliziyo, kungase kube nama-hiccups endleleni inhliziyo ebeka ngayo isigqi sayo. |
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-tachycardia:
- Sinus tachycardia : akubangelwa inkinga yenhliziyo kodwa ngenxa yokujwayela kwenhliziyo esimweni esithile. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-sinus ngoba isigqi esivamile sokushaya kwenhliziyo sinqunywa indawo ethile kulesi sitho esibizwa ngokuthi i-sinus node (indawo ngokuvamile ewumthombo wethonya likagesi elivamile nelivamile elibangela ukufinyela kwenhliziyo). Lokhu ukusheshisa sinus kwenhliziyo kungaba evamile, njengalapho kuhlotshaniswa nokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo endaweni ephakeme, ukucindezeleka, ukukhulelwa (inhliziyo ishesha ngokwemvelo ngalesi sikhathi sokuphila) noma ukuthatha isikhuthazi esifana neKofi.
Endabeni yokuzivocavoca umzimba, isibonelo, inhliziyo iyashesha ukuze inikeze umoya-mpilo owengeziwe emisipha esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke kungu-a lithathelwe. Endabeni yokuphakama, umoya-mpilo unqabile, inhliziyo iyashesha ukuvumela umoya-mpilo owanele ukuba ulethwe emzimbeni naphezu kokushoda kwawo emoyeni ozungezile.
Kodwa lokhu kusheshisa kwe-sinus kwenhliziyo kungase kuhlotshaniswe nesimo okungavamile lapho inhliziyo ijwayela khona ngokusheshisa isigqi sayo. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukuthatha into enobuthi (utshwala, i-cannabis, izidakamizwa ezithile noma imithi), i-anemia noma ngisho ne-hyperthyroidism.
Endabeni yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokwesibonelo, umthamo wamanzi emithanjeni uyancishiswa, inhliziyo iyashesha ukunxephezela. Endabeni ye-anemia, ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okuholela ekusweleni umoya-mpilo, inhliziyo isheshisa izinga layo ukuze izame ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owanele kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba. Nge-sinus tachycardia, ngokuvamile umuntu akaqapheli ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe ishaya ngokushesha. Lokhu tachycardia kungaba Ukutholakala ngodokotela.
I-Sinus tachycardia ingase ihlotshaniswe nayo inhliziyo ekhathele. Uma inhliziyo ihluleka ukufinyela ngokuphumelelayo ngokwanele, i-sinus node iyitshela ukuthi ifinyeze kaningi ukuze ivumele umoya-mpilo owanele ukugeleza kuwo wonke umzimba.
I-postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (STOP) Abantu abanale STOP banobunzima bokusuka endaweni yokulala baye endaweni eqondile. Phakathi nalokhu kushintsha kwesimo, inhliziyo ishesha kakhulu. Lokhu kwenyuka kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu bekhanda, ukuzwa ukugula, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ukujuluka, ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuquleka. Le nkinga ingase ihlobane nezifo ezithile, njengesifo sikashukela, noma ukuphuza imithi ethile. Iphathwa ngokunikezwa okuhle kwamanzi nosawoti wamaminerali, uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba lwemilenze ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubuya kwegazi le-venous enhliziyweni, futhi mhlawumbe izidakamizwa ezifana ne-corticosteroids, i-beta blockers noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. |
- I-Tachycardia ehlobene nenkinga yenhliziyo: ngenhlanhla, ayivamile kune-sinus tachycardia. Ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo inokungajwayelekile, iyashesha kuyilapho umzimba ungadingi inhliziyo eshaya ngokushesha.
- I-Tachycardia exhunywe nesifo sikaBouveret : ivamisile uma kuqhathaniswa (ngaphezu koyedwa kubantu abangama-450) futhi ngokuvamile ayinabungozi. Lokhu kuwukungajwayelekile ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-tachycardia ngesihluku isikhashana ngaphambi kokuma nje kungazelelwe. Khona-ke inhliziyo ingashaya ngaphezu kwama-200 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kuyacasula futhi kuvame ukubangela ukungakhululeki okukuphoqa ukuthi ucambalale isikhashana. Naphezu kwalokhu kudideka, izinhliziyo zalaba bantu aziguli futhi le nkinga ayiyehlisi iminyaka yokuphila.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-tachycardia yi-Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome, okubuye kube okungavamile ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
I-tachycardia ye-ventricular: lokhu ukufinyela okusheshayo kwama-ventricles enhliziyo axhunywe nesifo senhliziyo (izifo ezihlukahlukene). Ama-ventricles amaphampu asetshenziselwa ukuthumela igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba (i-ventricle yesokunxele) noma igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emaphashini (i-ventricle engakwesokudla). Inkinga iwukuthi, lapho ama-ventricles eqala ukushaya ngokushesha, i-ventricular cavity ayinaso isikhathi sokugcwalisa igazi. I-ventricle ayisadlali indima amaphampu ngempumelelo. Kukhona-ke ingozi yokumisa ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo futhi ngenxa yalokho ingozi ebulalayo.
Ngakho-ke i-ventricular tachycardia iyisimo esiphuthumayo senhliziyo. Ezinye izimo zithambile futhi ezinye zibucayi kakhulu.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-tachycardia ye-ventricular ingase iqhubekele phambili i-fibrillation ye-ventricular okuhambisana nokufinyela okungavumelani kwemisipha yemisipha. Esikhundleni sokufinyela ngesikhathi esisodwa kuma-ventricles, imicu yemisipha ngayinye ifinyela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukufinyela kwenhliziyo kube kungasebenzi ekukhipheni igazi, futhi lokhu kuba nomphumela ofanayo nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ngakho amandla adonsela phansi. Ukusebenzisa i-defibrillator kungasindisa umuntu.
I-Atrial noma i-tachycardia ye-atrial : ukusheshisa kokufinyezwa kwengxenye yenhliziyo: i Amakhanda. Eyakamuva imigodi emincane, emincane kune-ventricles, indima yayo iwukukhipha igazi ku-ventricle yesokunxele ye-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle engakwesokudla ye-atrium engakwesokudla. Ngokuvamile, izinga lalawa ma-tachycardia liphezulu (240 kuya ku-350), kodwa ama-ventricles ashaya kancane, ngokuvamile isigamu sesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-atria, esashesha kakhulu. Umuntu angase angabi namahloni kwezinye izimo, noma angase akubone kwezinye izimo.
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