Isifo sikaGraves sihlobene ne-hyperthyroidism, engaba nomthelela omkhulu noma omncane ekusebenzeni komzimba: inhliziyo, ukuphefumula, imisipha, nabanye.

Isifo se-Graves, esibizwa nangokuthi i-exophthalmic goiter, ibonakala nge-hyperthyroidism.

I-Hyperthyroidism ngokwayo ichazwa ngokukhiqizwa okuningi (okungaphezu kwalokho okudingwa umzimba) kwamahomoni egilo, akhiqizwa indlala yegilo. Lesi sakamuva siyindlala ye-endocrine, ekhiqiza amahomoni abalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Itholakala engxenyeni engaphambili yentamo, ngaphansi kwe-larynx.

I-thyroid ikhiqiza amahomoni amabili ayinhloko: i-triiodothyronine (T3) ne-thyroxine (T4). Eyokuqala ikhiqizwa kusukela kweyesibili. I-Triiodothyronine nayo iyi-hormone ebandakanyeka kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezicubu eziningi zomzimba. Lawa ma-hormone azungeza emzimbeni ngohlelo lwegazi. Abe esesatshalaliswa ezicutshini eziqondiwe namaseli.

Amahomoni e-thyroid ahilelekile kumetabolism (iqoqo lokusabela kwe-biochemical elivumela umzimba ukuthi ugcine isimo sokulingana). Ziphinde zibe nendima ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho, zivumele ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso sokuphefumula, senhliziyo noma sezinzwa. Lawa mahomoni aphinde alawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ithoni yemisipha, ukujikeleza kokuya esikhathini, isisindo ngisho namazinga e-cholesterol. Ngalo mqondo, i-hyperthyroidism bese idala ukungasebenzi, okubaluleke kakhulu noma okungabalulekile, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwale misebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba.

Lawa mahomoni egilo ngokwawo alawulwa enye ihomoni: i-thyreotropic hormone (TSH). Lesi sakamuva sikhiqizwa indlala ye-pituitary (indlala ye-endocrine ekhona ebuchosheni). Lapho izinga lamahomoni egilo liphansi kakhulu egazini, indlala ye-pituitary ikhipha i-TSH eyengeziwe. Ngokuphambene, esimweni sezinga le-hormone ye-thyroid ephakeme ngokweqile, indlala ye-endocrine yobuchopho isabela kulesi simo, ngokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-TSH.

Esimweni sokukhulelwa, i-hyperthyroidism kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu kumama nengane. Kungaholela ekukhipheni isisu okuzenzakalelayo, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukonakala kombungu noma ngisho nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwengane. Ngalo mqondo, ukuqapha ngokucophelela kwalaba besifazane abakhulelwe abagulayo kufanele kwenziwe.

Isifo sikaGraves yi-autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Noma i-pathology ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukujikeleza kwamasosha omzimba (amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba) akwazi ukushukumisa indlala yegilo. Lawa amasosha omzimba abizwa ngokuthi: ama-anti-TSH receptors, ngenye indlela abizwa ngokuthi: TRAK.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo sibe sesiqinisekiswa lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-TRAK kune-positive.

Ukwelashwa kokwelapha kwalesi sifo kuncike ngqo ezingeni lama-antibodies e-TRAK alinganiswa egazini.

Amanye amasosha omzimba angaba yisihloko sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-Graves. Lokhu kukhathaza phakathi kuka-30% no-50% weziguli.

Isifo se-Graves singathinta noma yimuphi umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abasebasha abaphakathi kuka-20 no-30 bakhathazeke kakhulu ngalesi sifo.

I-Hyperthyroidism, ehlobene ngokuqondile nesifo sika-Graves, ingabangela izimpawu nezimpawu ezithile. Ngokuphawulekayo :

• i-thermophobia, izandla ezishisayo, ezijulukayo, noma ukujuluka ngokweqile
• isifo sohudo
• ukwehla kwesisindo okubonakalayo, futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu esiyisisekelo
• umuzwa wokwethuka
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo tachycardia
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, I-dyspnea
• ye 'nomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• ubunzima bomzimba
• ukukhathala okungapheli

Ukuxilongwa kube yimpumelelo mayelana nalezi zimpawu ezizwiwa isiguli. Le datha ingabuye yengezwe ngokwenza i-ultrasound ye-goiter, noma ngisho nokwenza i-scintigraphy.

Esimeni se-Basedowian exophthalmos, ezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo ziyabonakala: amehlo avuthayo, ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo, ukukhala kwamehlo, ukuzwela okukhulayo ekukhanyeni (photophobia), ubuhlungu bamehlo, nokunye. Iskena singabe sesiqinisekisa noma senqabe ukuhlonza okubonakalayo okuyinhloko.

Ukuxilongwa okuyinhloko ke kungokomtholampilo kanye nokubonwayo. Isigaba esilandelayo wukwenziwa kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha (isithwebuli, i-ultrasound, njll.) kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuhlaziya izinga le-TSH egazini, kanye namahomoni egilo i-T3 ne-T4. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwebhayoloji kwenza kube nokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi, ukuhlola ubunzima besifo.

Ekuqaleni, ukwelashwa kuba medicamentous. Kuholela ekunikezweni kukadokotela kwe-Neomercazole (NMZ), esikhathini esimaphakathi sezinyanga eziyi-18. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga le-T3 ne-T4 egazini futhi kufanele kuqashelwe, kanye ngesonto. Lo muthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi, njengokushisa noma ukuthuthukiswa komphimbo obuhlungu.

Isigaba sesibili, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa bese kuhlinzwa. Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa iqukethe i-thyroidectomy.

Ngokuqondene ne-Basedowian exophthalmos, lokhu kwelashwa nge-corticosteroids esimweni sokuvuvukala kwamehlo okubukhali.