Ubumpumputhe ukulahlekelwa amakhono okubuka, ingxenye noma ingqikithi. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kobumpumputhe nokuphathwa kwayo okusheshayo kunganciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ubumpumputhe ukuphazamiseka kokubona okubonakala ngokungaboni kahle. Lokhu kushoda kungaphezulu noma kuncane kakhulu. Kungahlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa okuphelele kwamakhono okubuka.

Njengamanje, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-285 emhlabeni banokukhubazeka okubonakalayo. Kulaba, abayizigidi ezingu-39 bayizimpumputhe kanti abayizigidi ezingu-246 bahlushwa ukuncishiswa kwamakhono okubona.

Noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala angathinteka ekuthuthukiseni ubumpumputhe. Abantu abasemazweni anemali ephansi, nokho, bathinteka kakhulu yilesi simo.

Abantu asebekhulile bathambekele kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukugula okunjalo. Eqinisweni, cishe u-65% wabantu abafakazela ubumpumputhe obungaphezu noma obuncane kakhulu bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Ubumpumputhe obuhlonziwe futhi butholakale ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-15 budinga ukuphathwa ngokushesha futhi kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe noma yikuphi ukubhebhetheka kwesifo.

Umuntu ongaboni kahle uyabonakala, uyagwemeka futhi uyelapheka. Ngokuya nge-International Classification of Diseases, izigaba ezi-4 zingachaza umsebenzi wokubuka:

• Umbono ojwayelekile ngaphandle kokukhubazeka
• Ukukhubazeka okulingene
• Ukukhubazeka okubukhali okukhulu
• Ubumpumputhe, noma ukulahleka ngokuphelele kombono.

Ubumpumputhe bese buqala kabusha, konke ukukhubazeka kokubona, kusukela kokuncane kakhulu kuya kokubi kakhulu.

Izimbangela eziningana zingabangelwa ukukhula kobumpumputhe. Phakathi kwalabo:

• ukukhubazeka kombono, njenge-myopia, hypertropemia, astigmacy, njll.
• ukungahambi kahle kwe-cataract, okungazange kube yisihloko sokuhlinzwa.
• ukuthuthukiswa kwe-glaucoma (i-pathology ye-eyeball).

Izinga lokukhubazeka kokubona lingase libe likhulu noma libe ngaphansi, kuye ngesiguli. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokushesha kusiza ukukhawulela izinkinga kanye nokukhubazeka okuba kubi kakhulu.

Ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kungenzeka futhi kukhuliswe kumongo wokungelashwa.

Ngokwesimo sokungaboni ngokuphelele, kuzoba ukulahleka okuphelele kwamakhono okubuka.

Ubumpumputhe obuncane bungaholela ekwakhiweni kwalezi zimpawu nezimpawu zomtholampilo ezilandelayo:

• imibono elufifi
• ubunzima bokukhomba ubujamo
• kunciphise amakhono okubuka endaweni emnyama
• ukunciphisa umbono ebusuku
• ukwanda kokuzwela ekukhanyeni

Phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ubumpumputhe, singasho:

• ukutholakala kwesifo esingeso lamehlo, ikakhulukazi i-glaucoma
• isifo sikashukela kanye nengozi yemithambo yegazi yobuchopho (isifo sohlangothi)
• ukuhlinzwa kweso
• ukuchayeka emikhiqizweni enobuthi emehlweni

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nakho kuveza ingozi eyengeziwe yokuba yimpumputhe enganeni.

Ukuphathwa kobumpumputhe kubandakanya ukunikezwa kwezibuko kanye / noma amalensi okuxhumana. Ukuhlinzwa kungase futhi kube yisixazululo, ezimweni ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nakho kungaba yingxenye yalokhu kuphathwa kobumpumputhe.

Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kombono kudinga ezinye izindlela zokuphatha: ukufunda i-Braille, ukuba khona kwenja eqondisayo, inhlangano yokuphila kwayo kwansuku zonke ngokufanele, njll.