Iyini i-prism: incazelo, izakhi, izinhlobo, izinketho zesigaba

Kulolu shicilelo, sizocubungula incazelo, izakhi eziyinhloko, izinhlobo kanye nezinketho ezingenzeka zesigaba se-prism. Ulwazi olwethulwe luhambisana nemidwebo ebonakalayo ukuze ubone kangcono.

Incazelo yeprism

Prism isithombe sejometri esikhaleni; i-polyhedron enobuso obubili obuhambisanayo nobulinganayo (amapholigoni), kanti obunye ubuso bungamapharalelogram.

Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-prism - umugqa we-quadrangular (noma ukufana). Ezinye izinhlobo zesibalo kuxoxwa ngazo esigabeni sokugcina salolu shicilelo.

Izakhi zePrism

Ngesithombe esingenhla:

• Amagesi amapholigoni alinganayo. Lokhu kungaba onxantathu, abane-, abahlanu-, onxantathu, njll. Esimeni sethu, lawa amapharalelogramu (noma onxande) A B C D и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Ubuso obusemaceleni ama-paralelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Umbambo oseceleni ingxenye exhumanisa ama-vertices ezisekelo ezihlukene ezihambelanayo (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). Kuwuhlangothi oluvamile lobuso obubili obuseceleni.
• Ubude (h) – lena yi-perpendicular edwetshwa kusuka kwesinye isisekelo kuya kwesinye, okungukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwazo. Uma imiphetho eseceleni itholakala kuma-engeli angakwesokudla ezisekelweni zesibalo, khona-ke nawo aphakeme we-prism.
• Isisekelo se-diagonal - ingxenye exhumanisa ama-vertices amabili aphikisanayo esisekelo esifanayo (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). Iprism engunxantathu ayinayo le elementi.
• I-Side Diagonal Isegimenti yomugqa ehlanganisa amathwithi amabili aphambene obuso obufanayo. Umfanekiso ubonisa ama-diagonal obuso obubodwa kuphela. (CD₁ и C₁D)ukuze ungalayishi kakhulu.
• I-Prism Diagonal – ingxenye exhumanisa ama-vertices amabili ezisekelo ezihlukene ezingezona ezobuso obuseceleni obufanayo. Sibonise ezimbili kuphela kwezine: AC₁ и B₁D.
• I-Prism surface ingqikithi yobuso bezisekelo zayo ezimbili nobuso obusemaceleni. Amafomula okubala (esibalo esifanele) nama-prism ethulwa ezincwadini ezihlukene.

Ukushanela i-Prism - ukunwetshwa kwabo bonke ubuso besibalo endizeni eyodwa (imvamisa, esinye sezisekelo). Isibonelo, ngeprism eqondile engunxande:

Qaphela: izakhiwo ze-prism zethulwa ku-.

Izinketho zesigaba se-Prism

1. Isigaba se-diagonal - indiza yokusika idlula i-diagonal yesisekelo se-prism kanye nemiphetho emibili ehambisanayo.Qaphela: Iprism engunxantathu ayinaso isigaba se-diagonal, ngoba Isisekelo somfanekiso siwunxantathu ongenawo ama-diagonal.
2. Isigaba se-Perpendicular - indiza yokusika inqamula yonke imiphetho eseceleni nge-engeli efanele.

Qaphela: ezinye izinketho zesigaba azivamile kangako, ngakho-ke ngeke sihlale kuzo ngokwehlukana.

Izinhlobo ze-Prism

Cabangela izinhlobonhlobo zezibalo ezinesisekelo esingunxantathu.

1. I-prism eqondile – ubuso obusemaceleni butholakala kuma-engeli angakwesokudla ezisekelweni (okungukuthi, ngokwe-perpendicular kubo). Ubude bomfanekiso onjalo bulingana nonqenqema oluseceleni.
2. I-Oblique prism - ubuso obuseceleni besibalo abuyona i-perpendicular ezisekelweni zayo.
3. I-prism elungile Izisekelo zingamapholigoni avamile. Ingahle iqonde noma i-oblique.
4. i-prism encishisiwe – ingxenye yesibalo esisele ngemva kokuyiwela ngendiza engahambisani nezisekelo. Kungaba futhi kokubili iqonde futhi ithambekele.