Kuyokwenzekani kumuntu uma esele nengxenye yobuchopho bakhe? Sicabanga ukuthi impendulo isobala. Isitho esinesibopho sezinqubo zokuphila ezibaluleke kakhulu siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukulahlekelwa ingxenye ebalulekile yaso kungaholela emiphumeleni esabekayo nengenakulungiseka. Nokho, amandla obuchopho bethu asamangaza ngisho nososayensi bezinzwa. Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo u-Sebastian Ocklenburg sabelana ngemiphumela yocwaningo ezwakala njengesiqephu sefilimu ye-sci-fi.
Kwesinye isikhathi, odokotela kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezeqisayo ukuze basindise impilo yomuntu. Enye yezinqubo eziqine kakhulu ekuhlinzweni kwezinzwa i-hemispherectomy, ukususwa okuphelele kweyodwa ye-cerebral hemispheres. Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu zesithuthwane esingalapheki njengendlela yokugcina lapho zonke ezinye izinketho zehlulekile. Lapho i-hemisphere ethintekile isuswa, imvamisa yokushaywa kwesithuthwane, ngayinye ebeka impilo yesiguli engozini, iyancipha kakhulu noma iphele ngokuphelele. Kodwa kwenzekani esigulini?
Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uSebastian Ocklenburg wazi okuningi mayelana nendlela ubuchopho nama-neurotransmitters okuthonya ngayo ukuziphatha, imicabango, kanye nemizwa yabantu. Ukhuluma ngocwaningo lwakamuva olusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchopho bungasebenza kanjani uma kusele ingxenye yabo kuphela.
Ososayensi bahlola amanethiwekhi obuchopho ezigulini eziningana, ngasinye sazo sasuswa i-hemisphere eyodwa ebuntwaneni. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ikhono lobuchopho lokuhlela kabusha ngisho nangemva komonakalo omkhulu, uma lo monakalo wenzeka esemncane.
Ngisho nangaphandle kwemisebenzi ethile, ubuchopho busebenza kakhulu: isibonelo, kulesi simo siyaphupha
Ababhali basebenzise inqubo ye-neurobiological of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lapho bephumule. Kulolu cwaningo, ubuchopho babahlanganyeli buskenwa kusetshenziswa isithwebuli se-MRI, umshini izibhedlela eziningi ezinawo kulezi zinsuku. Isithwebuli se-MRI sisetshenziselwa ukwakha uchungechunge lwezithombe zezingxenye zomzimba ngokusekelwe kuzinto zazo ezizibuthe.
I-MRI esebenzayo isetshenziselwa ukwakha izithombe zobuchopho ngesikhathi somsebenzi othile. Ngokwesibonelo, ophathwayo uyakhuluma noma anyakaze iminwe yakhe. Ukudala uchungechunge lwezithombe ekuphumuleni, umcwaningi ucela isiguli ukuthi silale singanyakazi kusithwebuli singenzi lutho.
Noma kunjalo, ngisho nangaphandle kwemisebenzi ethile, ubuchopho bubonisa umsebenzi omningi: isibonelo, kulesi simo siyaphupha, futhi ingqondo yethu "iyazulazula". Ngokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo lapho zilele, abacwaningi bakwazi ukuthola amanethiwekhi asebenzayo.
Ososayensi bahlole amanethiwekhi ekuphumuleni eqenjini leziguli ezihlinzwe ukuze zisuse ingxenye yobuchopho bazo ebuntwaneni futhi baqhathanise neqembu elilawulayo labahlanganyeli ababenezingxenye zombili zobuchopho ezisebenzayo.
Ingqondo yethu emangalisayo
Imiphumela yayimangalisa ngempela. Umuntu angalindela ukuthi ukususwa kwengxenye yobuchopho kuzophazamisa kakhulu inhlangano yayo. Kodwa-ke, amanethiwekhi eziguli enziwa ukuhlinzwa okunjalo abukeka efana ngokumangalisayo nalawo eqembu elilawulayo labantu abanempilo.
Abacwaningi bahlonze amanethiwekhi ayisikhombisa ahlukene asebenzayo, njengalawo ahlotshaniswa nokunaka, amakhono okubuka kanye nemoto. Ezigulini ezinobuchopho obuyingxenye esusiwe, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifunda zobuchopho ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo yokusebenza kwakufana ngokuphawulekayo neqembu lokulawula elinawo womabili ama-hemispheres. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziguli zabonisa ukukhula kobuchopho okuvamile, naphezu kokungabikho kwengxenye eyodwa.
Uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa sisebancane, isiguli ngokuvamile sigcina imisebenzi evamile yokuqonda nokuhlakanipha.
Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona umehluko owodwa: iziguli zazinokwenyuka okuphawulekayo ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene. Lokhu kuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kubonakala kubonisa izinqubo zokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-cortical ngemva kokususwa kwengxenye yobuchopho. Ngokuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwayo yonke ingxenye yobuchopho, laba bantu babonakala bekwazi ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa enye i-hemisphere. Uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa sisebancane, isiguli ngokuvamile sigcina imisebenzi evamile yokuqonda nokuhlakanipha, futhi singaphila ukuphila okuvamile.
Lokhu kuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu uma ucabangela ukuthi ukulimala kobuchopho kamuva ekuphileni—ngokwesibonelo, ngokushaywa unhlangothi—kungaba nemiphumela engathi sína yekhono lokucabanga, ngisho noma izindawo ezincane zobuchopho zonakalisiwe.
Kusobala ukuthi isinxephezelo esinjalo asenzeki njalo futhi asikho kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yocwaningo inegalelo elikhulu ocwaningweni lobuchopho. Kusenezikhala eziningi kule ndawo yolwazi, okusho ukuthi izazi ze-neurophysiologists kanye ne-biopsychologists zinenkambu ebanzi yomsebenzi, futhi ababhali nababhali besikrini banendawo yokucabanga.
Mayelana Nochwepheshe: USebastian Ocklenburg uyisazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo.