Kuwebhusayithi yeReuters, ngithole i-athikili ethokozisayo yokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla esikalini saso sonke isintu zingakushintsha kanjani impilo Emhlabeni emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.
Ngokusho kososayensi, ukwehla kwenani lenyama ekudleni kwabantu kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezithelo nemifino ngo-2050 kuzovumela ukugwema ukufa kwezigidi ezimbalwa zonyaka, kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa komoya okuholela ekufudumaleni kweplanethi, nokusindisa izigidigidi. zamadola asetshenziswe ezindlekweni zezokwelapha kanye nokulawula ngezinkinga zemvelo nezesimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo olusha olushicilelwe encwadini Izinqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences yase-United States of America, okokuqala ngqa kuhlolwe umthelela ukushintshela komhlaba ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni okungaba nawo empilweni yabantu nasekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe nguMarko Springmann, umbhali oholayo wocwaningo ovela kwi-future of Food Programme yase-University of Oxford (Uhlelo lwe-Oxford Martin ngekusasa lokudla), Ukudla okungalinganiseli kubeka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo emhlabeni jikelele, futhi uhlelo lwethu lokudla lukhiqiza ngaphezu kwekota yesisi esingcolisa umoya.
Abaphenyi e-Oxford University balingise umthelela empilweni yabantu nasemvelweni maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ezine uhlobo lokudla.
Isimo sokuqala ngesokuqala, ngokuya ngesibikezelo seFood and Agriculture Organisation (UN FAO), lapho ukwakheka kokudla kungashintshi.
Okwesibili yisimo esisekelwe ezimisweni zomhlaba wonke zokudla okunempilo (okwenziwe, ikakhulukazi, yi-WHO), okusho ukuthi abantu badla amakhalori anele ukugcina isisindo sabo esifanele, futhi banciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ushukela nenyama.
Isimo sesithathu sidla imifino kanti esesine sine-vegan, futhi sisho nokudla okuphezulu kwekhalori.
Imiphumela yezempilo, ezemvelo kanye nezomnotho
Ukudla komhlaba wonke ngokuya ngemigomo yokudla okunempilo kungasiza ekugwemeni ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-5,1 ngonyaka ka-2050, kanti ukudla okunamavegan kungagwema ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-8,1! (Futhi ngiyakholelwa kalula: akumane nje kwaqondana ukuthi ukudla kwabantu abayikhulu abavela emhlabeni wonke kuqukethe kakhulu ukudla kwezitshalo).
Mayelana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, izincomo zokudla zomhlaba wonke zizosiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kokudla nokusetshenziswa ngama-29%; Ukudla kwemifino kungazisika ngo-63%, kanti ukudla okune-vegan kungazisika ngo-70%.
Izinguquko zokudla zizokonga imali elinganiselwa ku- $ 700-1000 billion ngonyaka ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nokukhubazeka, kanti inzuzo yezomnotho ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa ingase ibe ngama- $ 570 billion, kusho ucwaningo. Izinzuzo zezomnotho zezempilo yomphakathi ezithuthukisiwe zingalingana noma zeqe ukulimala okugwenywayo okuvela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
"Inani lalezi zinzuzo linikeza icala eliqinile lokwandisa uxhaso lukahulumeni nolwangasese lwezinhlelo zokugqugquzela ukudla okunempilo nokusimama," kuphawula uSpringmann.
Umehluko wesifunda
Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi ikota yesithathu yayo yonke imali elondoloziwe kusuka kuzinguquko zokudla izovela emazweni asathuthuka, yize umuntu ngamunye umthelela uzoba mkhulu kakhulu emazweni athuthukile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwenyama ephezulu nokukhuluphala.
Ososayensi bahlaziye umehluko wesifunda okufanele ubhekwe lapho kunqunywa izinyathelo ezifanele kakhulu zokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kokudla. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa inani lenyama ebomvu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emazweni asentshonalanga athuthukile, i-East Asia neLatin America, ngenkathi ukwanda kokudla izithelo nemifino kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ukufa kwabantu eSouth Asia nase-sub-Saharan Africa.
Vele, akufanele ucabange ukuthi ukwenza lezi zinguquko kuzoba lula. Ukushintshela ekudleni okuhambisana nesimo sesibili, kuzodingeka ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemifino ngo-25% futhi izithelo kumayelana nomhlaba wonke futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu ngama-56% (ngasendleleni, funda mayelana Izizathu eziyisithupha zokudla inyama encane ngangokunokwenzeka). Ngokuvamile, abantu bazodinga ukusebenzisa ama-calories angu-15% ambalwa.
"Asilindele ukuthi wonke umuntu angadla ubhedu," kuvuma uSpringmann. “Kodwa umthelela wohlelo lokudla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuzoba nzima ukubhekana nakho futhi kungenzeka kudinge okungaphezu nje koshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthela ekudleni okunempilo futhi okusimeme kakhudlwana kungaba isinyathelo esikhulu endleleni efanele. ”