Isayensi yanamuhla iqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungokwemvelo ngokuphelele emizimbeni yethu. Kunobufakazi obuqand' ikhanda bokuthi ukudla kwemifino noma i-vegan, okucebile ngamavithamini namaminerali abalulekile, kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo.
“Ucwaningo luqinisekisa izinzuzo zokudla okungenanyama,” kusho i-Harvard Medical School. "Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni manje akubonwa njengokwanele ukudla okunomsoco, kodwa njengendlela yokunciphisa ingozi yezifo eziningi ezingapheli."
Asikakuqondi ngokugcwele ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu banamuhla nokhokho bethu abakude ukukuthatha njengeqiniso. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kungokoqobo, kungabonakala yonke indawo emvelweni, kodwa ukuxhumana kwabantu nakho ngokombono wesayensi kuseyimfihlakalo kithi.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abantu abayidingi inyama ukuze baphile. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukudla kwemifino empeleni kuyindlela enempilo kakhulu, kunokuba udle inyama noma ulandele ukudla okusemfashinini kwe-"paleo". Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi ukudla okungeyona inyama kunganikeza umzimba zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo.
Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Caveman Diet noma i-Stone Age Diet, ingqikithi evamile yokudla kwe-Paleo isekelwe embonweni wokuthi kufanele silandele ukudla kokhokho bethu, ababephila eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 edlule ngesikhathi se-Paleolithic, eyaphela cishe. Eminyakeni engu-10 edlule. . Kodwa-ke, ososayensi nabacwaningi abakaze bakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi izihlobo zethu ezikude zidleni, kodwa abagqugquzeli bokudla bayaqhubeka nokubakhomba, bethethelela ukudla inyama.
Ukudla okuningi okudliwa ama-primates kusekelwe ezitshalweni, hhayi izilwane, futhi kukhona ucwaningo oluphakamisa ukuthi lokhu bekulokhu kwenzeka isikhathi eside. Kusobala ukuthi okhokho bethu babengebona abantu abadla inyama emigedeni, njengoba bevame ukuvezwa. Kodwa noma ngabe bayidla inyama, lokhu akulona inkomba yokuthi sihlobene ngokofuzo ngokwanele ukuba senze okufanayo.
“Kunzima ukuphawula ‘ngokudla okungcono kakhulu’ kwabantu banamuhla ngoba izinhlobo zethu zidla ngendlela ehlukile,” kusho isazi sesayensi yesintu sase-UC Berkeley uKatherine Milton. “Uma umuntu eke wadla amafutha ezilwane namaprotheni esikhathini esidlule, lokhu akufakazeli ukuthi abantu banamuhla banokuguquguquka kofuzo ekudleni okunjalo.”
Olunye ucwaningo lwahlaziya ukudla kwamaNeanderthal ahlobene eduze, anyamalala eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. Kwakuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi ukudla kwabo kwakuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi inyama, kodwa lokhu kwashintsha lapho kuvela ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi ukudla kwabo kwakuhlanganisa nezitshalo eziningi. Ososayensi baze banikeza ubufakazi bokuthi lezi zitshalo zazisetshenziselwa ukwelapha.
Indatshana kaRob Dunn yeScientific American enesihloko esithi “Cishe Bonke Okhokho Babantu Babeyimifino” ichaza kabanzi ngale nkinga ngombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo:
“Zidlani ezinye izinkawu eziphilayo, ezinamathumbu njengawethu? Ukudla kwazo zonke izinkawu kuhlanganisa izithelo, amantongomane, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni noma izibankwa. Iningi lama-primates linamandla okudla izithelo ezinoshukela, amaqabunga, nenyama. Kodwa inyama iyisidlo esingavamile, uma ikhona nhlobo. Yiqiniso, ngezinye izikhathi izimfene zibulala futhi zidle izinkawu ezincane, kodwa inani lezimfene ezidla inyama lincane kakhulu. Futhi izimfene zidla inyama yesilwane esincelisayo kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye inkawu. Namuhla, ukudla kwama-primates ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe ezitshalweni kunokuba kusekelwe ezilwaneni. Izitshalo yizo ezazidliwa okhokho bethu bangaphambili. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi belandela ukudla kwe-paleo, lapho imizimba yethu, izitho zethu, futhi ikakhulukazi amathumbu aye avela khona.”
Umbhali uphinde athi izitho zethu cishe bezingenzelwanga inyama ephekiwe, kodwa zavela ukuze zigaye inyama eluhlaza.
Lokho okubonisa ucwaningo
- Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-4,4 edlule, isihlobo somuntu e-Ethiopia, i-Ardipithecus, sasidla ikakhulukazi izithelo nezitshalo.
- Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4 edlule, ohlangothini lwaseKenya lweLake Turkana, ukudla kwe-Annam australopithecine kwakuhlanganisa okungenani amaqabunga angu-90% nezithelo, njengezimfene zesimanje.
- eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-3,4 edlule engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ethiopia, i-Afar Australopithecus yadla inani elikhulu lotshani, i-sedge kanye nezitshalo ze-succulent. Kuseyimpicabadala ukuthi kungani aqala ukudla utshani, ngoba i-Annam australopithecine ayizange, nakuba wayehlala e-savannah.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 edlule, isihlobo somuntu se-Kenyanthropus samukela ukudla okuhlukahlukene okuhlanganisa izihlahla nezihlahla.
– Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2 edlule eningizimu ye-Afrika, i-Australopithecus yase-Afrika kanye ne-Paranthropus enkulu babedla izihlahla, utshani, inhlaka, kanye nezilwane eziklabayo.
– Eminyakeni engaphansi kwezigidi ezimbili edlule, abantu bakudala babedla utshani obungama-2%, kuyilapho iParanthropus kaBoyce idla utshani obungama-35%. Khona-ke indoda yayidla ukudla okuxubile, kuhlanganise nenyama nezinambuzane. Kungenzeka ukuthi isimo sezulu esomile senza i-Paranthropus yancika kakhulu kumakhambi.
- Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-1,5 edlule, endaweni yaseTurkana, umuntu wenyusa isabelo sokudla kwamakhambi safinyelela ku-55%.
Amazinyo e-Homo sapiens atholakala abonise ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-100 edlule wadla u-000% wezihlahla nezihlahla kanye no-50% wenyama. Le ngxenye icishe ifane nokudla kwabantu banamuhla baseNyakatho Melika.
Iningi lokudla kwalabo abahamba eMhlabeni kudala ngaphambi kwethu kwakuwukudla kwemifino. Kungashiwo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inyama ngokusobala ayizange ivelele ekudleni kokhokho bethu. Ngakho kungani ukudla kwe-caveman kuye kwathandwa kangaka? Kungani abantu abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi okhokho bethu badla inyama eningi?
Namuhla, umuntu ovamile eNyakatho Melika udla inqwaba yenyama nsuku zonke, ebheka njengokujwayelekile. Kodwa noma okhokho bethu babeyidla inyama, babengayenzi nsuku zonke. Kunobufakazi bokuthi isikhathi esiningi benza ngaphandle kokudla nhlobo. Njengoba uprofesa wezinzwa we-Johns Hopkins University uMark Matson aphawula, imizimba yabantu iye yavela ukuze iphile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla. Yingakho ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile kuwumkhuba onempilo kulezi zinsuku onezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo.
Embonini yenyama yesimanje, izinkulungwane zezigidi zezilwane zibulawa minyaka yonke ngenxa nje yokudla. Bavuselwa ukubulala, bajovwe ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene futhi bahlukunyezwe. Le nyama engeyona eyemvelo ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nama-GMO iwushevu emzimbeni womuntu. Imboni yethu yokudla yesimanje igcwele izinto eziyingozi, amakhemikhali kanye nezithako zokwenziwa ezikwenza uzibuze: singakubiza ngokuthi “ukudla”? Luselude ukhalo okufanele siluhambe ukuze sibe isintu esinempilo ngempela futhi.