Iningi lama-antibiotics atholakalayo emakethe namuhla avela kuma-80s, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkathi yegolide yokwelapha ngama-antibiotic. Njengamanje sibhekene nokungafani okukhulu phakathi kwesidingo semithi emisha nokutholakala kwayo. Khonamanjalo, ngokwe-WHO, inkathi yangemva kokuthatha ama-antibiotic isanda kuqala. Sikhuluma nophrof. dr hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz.
- Njalo ngonyaka, izifo ezinamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane zibangela cishe. 700 izinkulungwane. ukufa komhlaba wonke
- "Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele noma ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwakusho ukuthi iphesenti lezinhlobo ezimelana nezifo likhula kancane kancane, lithatha uhlamvu lwe-avalanche kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule" - kusho uProf. Waleria Hryniewicz
- Ososayensi baseSweden bamagciwane abaluleke kakhulu ezifweni zabantu, njenge-Pseudomonas aeruginosa kanye ne-Salmonella enterica, basanda kuthola lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-gar gene, enquma ukumelana nenye yemithi elwa namagciwane emisha - i-plasomycin.
- Ngokusho kuka-prof. I-Hryniewicz ePoland iyinkinga enkulu kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha izifo I-NewDelhi-type carbapenemase (NDM) kanye ne-KPC ne-OXA-48
UMonika Zieleniewska, uMedonet: Kubukeka sengathi sijaha amagciwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sethula isizukulwane esisha semithi elwa namagciwane enomphumela obanzi njalo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayanda amagciwane aqala ukumelana nawo ...
UProf. Waleria Hryniewicz: Ngeshwa, lo mjaho unqotshwa amagciwane, okungasho ukuqala kwenkathi ye-post-antibiotic yomuthi. Leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa ku-“Report on Antibiotic Resistance” eyanyatheliswa yi-WHO ngo-2014. Lo mbhalo ugcizelela ukuthi manje, ngisho nezifo ezincane zingabulala futhi akuyona iphupho le-apocalyptic, kodwa isithombe sangempela.
E-European Union kuphela, bekunemisebenzi ka-2015 kwabangu-33. abashona ngenxa yokutheleleka ngama-microorganisms amelana nezinto eziningi okungekho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okutholakalayo. EPoland, inani lamacala anjalo liye lalinganiselwa cishe ku-2200. Nokho, i-American Center for Infection Prevention and Control (CDC) e-Atlanta muva nje ibike ukuthi e-USA ngenxa yezifo ezifanayo njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15. isiguli siyafa. Ngokwezilinganiso zababhali bombiko olungiselelwe ithimba lesazi sezomnotho esivelele saseBrithani u-J. O'Neill, minyaka yonke emhlabeni izifo ezimelana namagciwane zibangela cishe. 700 izinkulungwane. abashonile.
- Funda futhi: Ama-antibiotics ayayeka ukusebenza. Ngeke kube khona izidakamizwa zama-superbugs maduze?
Ososayensi bayichaza kanjani inkinga yemithi elwa namagciwane?
Umcebo waleli qembu lezidakamizwa wehlise ukuqapha kwethu. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nazo zazihlukaniswa lapho kwethulwa i-antibiotic entsha, kodwa lesi simo ekuqaleni sasingesihle. Kodwa kwakusho ukuthi amagciwane ayekwazi ukuzivikela. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele nokudlulele kwemithi elwa namagciwane, amaphesenti ezinhlobo ezimelana nawo akhula kancane kancane, athatha uhlamvu olufana ne-avalanche kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ama-antibiotic amasha angeniswa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho kwaba nokungafani okukhulu phakathi kwesidingo, okungukuthi isidingo semithi emisha, nokutholakala kwayo. Uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele ngokushesha, ukufa komhlaba wonke ngenxa yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic kungakhuphuka kuze kufike ezigidini ezingama-2050 ngonyaka ngo-10.
Kungani ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kuyingozi?
Kufanele sibhekane nalolu daba okungenani ezicini ezintathu. Esokuqala sihlobene ngokuqondile nesenzo se-antibiotic kubantu. Khumbula ukuthi noma yimuphi umuthi ungabangela imiphumela emibi. Kungaba mnene, isib. isicanucanu, ukuzwa kubi nakakhulu, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukusabela okusongela ukuphila, njengokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, ukulimala kwesibindi okukhulu noma izinkinga zenhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibulala-magciwane siphazamisa isitshalo sethu semvelo samagciwane, okuthi, ngokuqapha ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo, sivimbele ukuphindaphindeka ngokweqile kwamagciwane ayingozi (isb. i-Clostridioides difficile, isikhunta), kuhlanganise nalawo amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane.
Umphumela wesithathu ongemuhle wokuphuza ama-antibiotics isizukulwane sokungazweli phakathi kwezinto zethu ezibizwa ngokuthi ezijwayelekile, izitshalo ezinobungane ezingadlulisela kumagciwane akwazi ukubangela izifo ezinzima. Siyazi ukuthi ukumelana ne-pneumococcal ku-penicillin - i-agent ebalulekile eyimbangela yokutheleleka kwabantu - kwavela ku-oral streptococcus, evamile kithi sonke ngaphandle kokusilimaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutheleleka nge-pneumococcal engazweli kubangela inkinga enkulu yokwelapha kanye ne-epidemiological. Kunezibonelo eziningi zokudluliswa kwe-interspecific kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana, futhi uma sisebenzisa ama-antibiotics amaningi, le nqubo isebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Futhi funda: Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angabangela izinkinga zenhliziyo
Amagciwane aqala kanjani ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane evame ukusetshenziswa, futhi lokhu kuwusongo olungakanani kithi?
Izindlela zokumelana nama-antibiotic emvelweni sezikhona amakhulu eminyaka, ngisho nangaphambi kokutholwa kwazo kwemithi. Ama-microorganisms akhiqiza ama-antibiotics kufanele azivikele emiphumeleni yawo futhi, ukuze angabulawa umkhiqizo wawo, ane izakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezikhona ze-physiological ukulwa nama-antibiotics: ukwakha izakhiwo ezintsha ezenza kube lula ukusinda, futhi baqale ezinye izindlela ze-biochemical uma umuthi uvinjelwe ngokwemvelo.
Benza amasu ahlukene okuzivikela, isb. bampompa isibulala-magciwane, bawumise ukuthi ungangeni engqamuzaneni, noma bawuvale ngama-enzayimu ahlukahlukene aguqulayo noma akhipha amanzi. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu ama-beta-lactamases asabalele kakhulu enza i-hydrolyzing amaqembu abaluleke kakhulu emithi elwa namagciwane, njenge-penicillin, i-cephalosporins noma i-carbapenems.
Kufakazelwe lokho izinga lokuvela kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane amelana kuncike ezingeni kanye nephethini yokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic. Emazweni anezinqubomgomo ezivimbela ama-antibiotic, ukumelana kugcinwa kusezingeni eliphansi. Leli qembu lihlanganisa, isibonelo, amazwe aseScandinavia.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi “ama-superbugs”?
Amagciwane awakwazi ukumelana nama-antibiotic amaningi, okungukuthi awathinteki emithini yomugqa wokuqala noma eyesibili, okungukuthi ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephephe kakhulu, evame ukumelana nayo yonke imithi etholakalayo. Leli gama ekuqaleni lalisetshenziswa ku-methicillin kanye nezinhlobo ze-staphylococcus aureus ezingezwani ne-multibiotic ezingazweli. Njengamanje, isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezibonisa ukumelana nama-multi-antibiotic.
Futhi ama-alamu amagciwane?
Ama-alamu amagciwane angama-superbugs, futhi amanani awo akhula njalo. Ukuwathola esigulini kufanele kucuphe i-alamu futhi kusebenzise izinyathelo ezivimbelayo ezizovimbela ukusakazeka kwawo okuqhubekayo. Amagciwane aqaphile aletha enye yezinselele ezinkulu zezokwelapha namuhlaLokhu kubangelwa kokubili ukulinganiselwa okuphawulekayo kwamathuba okwelapha kanye nezici ezikhulayo zobhubhane.
Ukuxilongwa okuthembekile kwe-microbiological, amathimba okulawula ukutheleleka asebenza kahle kanye nezinsizakalo ze-epidemiological zidlala indima enkulu ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwalezi zinhlobo. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, i-WHO, esekelwe ekuhlaziyeni ukumelana nama-antibiotic emazweni angamalungu, yahlukanisa izinhlobo zamagciwane amelana ngamaqembu amathathu kuye ngokuphuthuma kokwethula ama-antibiotic amasha asebenzayo.
Iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu lihlanganisa izinti zamathumbu, njenge-Klebsiella pneumoniae ne-Escherichia coli, ne-Acinetobacter baumannii kanye ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ezivame ukumelana nezidakamizwa zokugcina. Kukhona futhi i-mycobacterium tuberculosis ukumelana ne-rifampicin. Amaqembu amabili alandelayo ahlanganisa, phakathi kwamanye ama-multiresistant staphylococci, i-Helicobacter pylori, i-gonococci, kanye ne-Salmonella spp. kanye ne-pneumococci.
Ulwazi ukuthi amagciwane abangela izifo ngaphandle kwesibhedlela akulolu hlu. Ukumelana okubanzi kwama-antibiotic phakathi kwalawa magciwane kungase kusho ukuthi iziguli ezinegciwane kufanele zidluliselwe ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Nokho, ngisho nasezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ukukhetha ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kunomkhawulo. AbaseMelika bahlanganisa i-gonococci eqenjini lokuqala hhayi nje ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwabo okuningi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yendlela yabo ephumelela kakhulu yokusabalalisa. Ngakho-ke, ingabe sizobe selapha i-gonorrhea esibhedlela maduze?
- Funda futhi: Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezinzima
Ososayensi baseSweden bathole amagciwane e-India aqukethe isakhi sofuzo esimelana nama-antibiotic, okuthiwa yi-gen gar. Kuyini futhi singalusebenzisa kanjani lolu lwazi?
Ukutholwa kwe-gar gene entsha kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-metagenomics yezemvelo, okungukuthi ukucwaninga kwayo yonke i-DNA etholakala ezindaweni zemvelo, okusivumela futhi ukuthi sibone ama-microorganisms esingakwazi ukuwakhula elabhorethri. Ukutholakala kwe-gar gene kuyaphazamisa kakhulu ngoba kunquma ukumelana nenye yemithi elwa namagciwane emisha - i-plazomycin – ibhaliswe ngonyaka odlule.
Kwabekwa amathemba aphezulu kuyo ngoba yayisebenza kakhulu ngokumelene nezinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezimelana nemithi emidala kuleli qembu (i-gentamicin ne-amikacin). Ezinye izindaba ezimbi ukuthi lolu fuzo lutholakala esakhiweni sofuzo esihambayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-interon futhi singasakazeka ngokuvundlile, ngakho-ke ngempumelelo enkulu, phakathi kwezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya ahlukene ngisho nalapho kukhona i-plasomycin.
I-gar gene iye yahlukaniswa namagciwane abaluleke kakhulu ezifweni zabantu, njenge-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ne-Salmonella enterica. Ucwaningo olwenziwa eNdiya luphathelene nezinto eziqoqwe phansi emfuleni okwakulahlwa kuwo indle. Babonisa ukusatshalaliswa okusabalele kwezakhi zofuzo ezimelana nemvelo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabantu engenamsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, amazwe amaningi asecabanga ukukhipha amagciwane emanzini angcolile ngaphambi kokuba akhishelwe endaweni ezungezile. Abacwaningi baseSweden baphinde bagcizelele ukubaluleka kokuthola izakhi zofuzo ezimelana nemvelo esigabeni sokuqala sokwethulwa kwanoma yimaphi ama-antibiotic amasha, futhi nangaphambi kokuba atholwe amagciwane.
- Funda kabanzi: Ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseGothenburg baqaphela ukuthi isakhi sofuzo esasingaziwa ngaphambili sokumelana nama-antibiotic sesisabalele
Kubonakala sengathi - njengasendabeni yamagciwane - kufanele siqaphele ngokuphula imigoqo yemvelo kanye nokuvakasha okuhamba phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Hhayi ezokuvakasha kuphela, kodwa nezinhlekelele zemvelo ezahlukahlukene njengokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami nezimpi. Uma kuziwa ekwephuleni umgoqo we-ecological ngamagciwane, isibonelo esihle ukwanda okusheshayo kokuba khona kwe-Acinetobacter baumannii endaweni yethu yesimo sezulu.
Ihlobene ne-First Gulf War, lapho yalethwa khona eYurophu nase-US cishe ngamasosha abuyayo. Wathola izimo zokuphila ezinhle kakhulu lapho, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. I-microorganism yemvelo, ngakho-ke inikezwe izindlela eziningi ezahlukene eziyenza ikwazi ukuphila futhi yande. Lezi, isibonelo, ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, kusawoti, kuhlanganise nezinsimbi ezinzima, nokuphila ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu. I-Acinetobacter baumannii ingenye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial emhlabeni namuhla.
Kodwa-ke, ngithanda ukunaka ngokukhethekile lolu bhubhane, noma kunalokho ubhubhane, oluvame ukubalekela ukunaka kwethu. Ukusabalala kwezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya amelana nezinto eziningi kanye nokusabalala okuvundlile kwezinto ezinquma ukumelana (izakhi zofuzo). Ukumelana kuvela ngokuguqulwa kwe-chromosomal DNA, kodwa futhi itholwa ngenxa yokudluliselwa okuvundlile kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana, isb kuma-transposon nama-conjugation plasmid, kanye nokutholwa kokumelana ngenxa yokuguqulwa kofuzo. Isebenza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ehlukunyezwa khona.
Mayelana neqhaza lezokuvakasha kanye nohambo olude ekusabalaleni kokumelana, okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukusabalala kwezinhlobo zezinduku zamathumbu ezikhiqiza i-carbapenemase ekwazi ukugcwalisa wonke ama-antibiotic e-beta-lactam, okuhlanganisa i-carbapenems, iqembu lezidakamizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezinzima. izifo.
E-Poland, okuvame kakhulu i-carbapenemase yohlobo lwe-NewDelhi (NDM), kanye ne-KPC ne-OXA-48. Cishe balethwe kithi bevela eNdiya, e-USA naseNyakatho Afrika, ngokulandelana. Lezi zinhlobo futhi zinezakhi zofuzo zokumelana nenani leminye imithi elwa namagciwane, enciphisa kakhulu izinketho zokwelapha, iwahlukanisa njengezifo eziyingozi. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu emkhakheni wemithi yokutheleleka ePoland, futhi inani lamacala okutheleleka nabathwali aqinisekiswe yiNational Reference Center for Antimicrobial Susceptibility selivele lidlule i-10.
- Funda kabanzi: EPoland, kunenqwaba yabantu abangenwe yigciwane elibulalayo laseNew Delhi. Ama-antibiotic amaningi awamsebenzeli
Ngokusho kwezincwadi zezokwelapha, ngaphezu kwesigamu seziguli azisindiswanga ezifweni zegazi ezibangelwa ama-bacilli amathumbu akhiqiza i-carbapenemases. Nakuba ama-antibiotic amasha asebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezikhiqiza i-carbapenemase seyethuliwe, asikabi nawo ama-antibiotic asebenzayo ekwelapheni i-NDM.
Kushicilelwe izifundo eziningana ezibonisa lokho umgudu wethu wokugaya uhlanganiswa kalula nama-microorganisms endawo phakathi nohambo lwamazwekazi. Uma amagciwane angazweli evame lapho, siyawangenisa lapho sihlala khona futhi ahlala nathi amasonto ambalwa. Ukwengeza, lapho sithatha ama-antibiotics amelana nawo, kunengozi eyengeziwe yokusabalala kwawo.
Izakhi zofuzo eziningi zokumelana ezikhonjwe kumabhaktheriya anesibopho sokutheleleka kwabantu zitholakala kuma-microorganisms emvelo kanye ne-zoonotic. Ngakho, ubhadane lwe-plasmid ethwele isakhi sofuzo esimelana ne-colistin (mcr-1) muva nje lusanda kuchazwa, olusakazeke ezinhlotsheni ze-Enterobacterales emazwekazini amahlanu phakathi nonyaka owodwa. Ekuqaleni yayihlukanisiwe nezingulube e-China, kwase kuba yizinkukhu kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla.
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nezinkulumo eziningi nge-halicin, isibulala-magciwane esasungulwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ingabe amakhompyutha athatha indawo yabantu ngempumelelo ekwenzeni imithi emisha?
Ukufuna izidakamizwa ezinezakhiwo ezilindelekile usebenzisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa akubonakali kuthakazelisa kuphela, kodwa futhi kufiseleka kakhulu. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungakunika ithuba lokuthola izidakamizwa ezifanele? Ama-antibiotics okungekho microorganism engamelana nawo? Ngosizo lwamamodeli wekhompiyutha adalwe, kungenzeka ukuhlola izigidi zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ukhethe okuthembisayo kakhulu mayelana nomsebenzi we-antibacterial.
"Okutholakele" okunjalo isibulala-magciwane esisha i-halicin, esiqanjwe ngekhompyutha ye-HAL 9000 yefilimu ethi “2001: A Space Odyssey”. Ucwaningo lomsebenzi wayo we-in vitro ngokumelene nohlobo lwe-Acinetobacter baumannii olungazweli okuningi lunethemba, kodwa alusebenzi ngokumelene ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa - elinye igciwane lesibhedlela elibalulekile. Sibheka iziphakamiso ezengeziwe zemithi engase ibe khona etholwe yile ndlela engenhla, evumela ukufinyeza isigaba sokuqala sokukhula kwabo. Ngeshwa, kusenezifundo zezilwane nezomuntu okufanele zenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithi emisha ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokutheleleka.
- Funda futhi: Kulula ukuthola isifo… esibhedlela. Yini ongayithola?
Ngakho-ke ingabe sizowuphathisa umsebenzi wokwenza ama-antibiotic amasha kumakhompyutha ahlelwe kahle esikhathini esizayo?
Lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka kancane. Sinemitapo yolwazi emikhulu yezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ezinezakhiwo ezaziwayo nezindlela zokwenza. Siyazi ukuthi yikuphi ukugxila, kuye ngokuthi umthamo, bafinyelela kuzicubu. Siyawazi izici zabo zamakhemikhali, zomzimba nezebhayoloji, okuhlanganisa nobuthi. Endabeni yezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane, kufanele silwele ukuqonda kahle izici zebhayoloji ze-microorganism esifuna ukwakha umuthi osebenzayo. Kudingeka sazi indlela yokudala izilonda kanye nezici ze-virulence.
Isibonelo, uma ubuthi bubangela izimpawu zakho, umuthi kufanele ucindezele ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Endabeni yamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic amaningi, kuyadingeka ukufunda mayelana nezinqubo zokumelana, futhi uma zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme eyenza i-hydrolyzes i-antibiotic, sibheka ama-inhibitors ayo. Lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-receptor kudala indlela yokumelana, sidinga ukuthola eyodwa ezoba nokuhambisana nayo.
Mhlawumbe kufanele futhi sithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokuklama ama-antibiotic "enziwe ngendlela efanele", ahambisana nezidingo zabantu abathile noma izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane?
Kungaba kuhle, kodwa ... okwamanje, esigabeni sokuqala sokwelapha isifo, ngokuvamile asazi isici se-etiological (esibangela isifo), ngakho-ke siqala ukwelashwa ngomuthi onezinhlobo eziningi zezenzo. Uhlobo olulodwa lwebhaktheriya ngokuvamile lubangela izifo eziningi ezenzeka ezicutshini ezahlukene zezinhlelo ezahlukene. Ake sithathe njengesibonelo i-staphylococcus yegolide, ebangela, phakathi kwabanye, izifo zesikhumba, i-pneumonia, i-sepsis. Kodwa i-pyogenic streptococcus ne-Escherichia coli nazo zinesibopho sezifo ezifanayo.
Kuphela ngemva kokuthola umphumela wamasiko ovela elabhorethri ye-microbiological, engeke itshele kuphela ukuthi iyiphi i-microorganism ebangele ukutheleleka, kodwa nokuthi ukuthambekela kwayo kwezidakamizwa kubukeka kanjani, ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-antibiotic "efanelana" nezidingo zakho. Qaphela futhi lokho ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-pathogen efanayo kwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu kungase kudinge imithi ehlukilengoba ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuncike ekugxilweni kwayo endaweni yokutheleleka futhi, yiqiniso, ukuzwela kwesici se-etiological. Sidinga ngokuphuthumayo ama-antibiotic amasha, kokubili okubanzi, lapho isici se-etiological singaziwa (ukwelashwa okunamandla) futhi sincane, lapho sesivele sinomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-microbiological (ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe).
Kuthiwani ngocwaningo lwama-probiotics omuntu siqu azovikela i-microbiome yethu ngokwanele?
Kuze kube manje, asikwazanga ukwakha ama-probiotics anezici esizifunayo, sisazi okuncane kakhulu nge-microbiome yethu kanye nesithombe sayo kwezempilo nezifo. Ihluke kakhulu, iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izindlela zokuzalanisa zakudala azisivumeli ukuthi sikuqonde ngokugcwele. Ngethemba ukuthi ucwaningo olwenziwa kaningi lwe-metagenomic lwepheshana lesisu luzohlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile oluzovumela ukungenelela okuhlosiwe kokulungisa ngaphakathi kwe-microbiome.
Mhlawumbe nawe udinga ukucabanga ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane eziqeda ama-antibiotics?
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi incazelo yesimanje yemithi elwa namagciwane ihlukile kweyokuqala, okungukuthi umkhiqizo we-microbial metabolism. Ukuze kube lula, Njengamanje sibheka ama-antibiotics njengazo zonke izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane, okuhlanganisa nezokwenziwa, njenge-linezolid noma i-fluoroquinolones.. Sibheka izakhiwo ze-antibacterial zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izifo. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo uphakama: ingabe kufanele uyeke ukuhlinzekwa kwabo ezinkomba zokuqala? Uma kungenjalo, cishe sizokwenza ukumelana nabo ngokushesha.
Kube nezingxoxo eziningi nezinhlolo zocwaningo mayelana nendlela ehlukile yokulwa nezifo kunangaphambili. Kunjalo, indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukwakha imithi yokugoma. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-microbes, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kolwazi lwethu lwezinqubo ze-pathogenic, kanye nezizathu zobuchwepheshe nezindleko. Silwela ukunciphisa i-pathogenicity yazo, isb ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kobuthi nama-enzyme abalulekile ku-pathogenesis yokutheleleka noma ngokuwancisha amathuba okuba nokwenzeka kwe-tissue colonization, okuvame ukuba yisigaba sokuqala sokutheleleka. Sifuna bahlalisane nathi ngokuthula.
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UProf. uDkt hab. med. Waleria Hryniewicz unguchwepheshe emkhakheni we-medical microbiology. Uphethe uMnyango we-Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology weNational Medicines Institute. Ungusihlalo weNational Antibiotic Protection Programme, futhi kuze kube ngu-2018 wayengumeluleki kazwelonke emkhakheni we-medical microbiology.
Ibhodi labahleli lincoma:
- Isintu sizuze ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus kuphela - inhlolokhono noprofesa. Waleria Hryniewicz
- Umdlavuza kuyo yonke imindeni. Ingxoxo no-prof. Szczylik
- Indoda kudokotela. Ingxoxo noDkt. Ewa Kempisty-Jeznach, MD